Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics
35%of exam
Community and Public Health Nutrition
30%of exam
Foods and Food Service Systems
35%of exam
Quick Facts
- Exam
- NDLE
- Credential
- RND license
- Subjects
- 3 weighted areas
- Time
- 12 hrs, 2 days
- Pass
- 75% average
- Floor
- 50% per subject
- Fee
- ₱900 complete exam
Nutrition Care Process
Assess, Diagnose, Intervene, Monitor
A: gather dataD: PES statementI: plan and actM: track outcomes
Enteral vs Parenteral Nutrition
Enteral
- Uses a working gut
- Tube feeding route
- Lower infection risk
Parenteral
- Bypasses the gut
- IV feeding route
- Higher infection risk
Gut works vs fails
Assessment & Feeding Picker
- Need body-size measure→Anthropometric(Weight/height)
- Need protein status marker→Biochemical(Blood/urine)
- No functioning gut→Parenteral(IV route)
- Gut works, can't eat→Enteral(Tube feeding)
- Chewing or swallowing risk→Texture-Modified Diet(Dysphagia)
- Restarting feeding after starvation→Slow Refeed Plus Thiamine(Prevents refeeding syndrome)
Macronutrient Metabolism
- Glycolysis
- Glucose breaks into pyruvate
- Beta-Oxidation
- Breaks down fatty acids
- Deamination
- Removes an amino group
- Urea Cycle
- Converts ammonia to urea
- Krebs Cycle
- Oxidizes acetyl-CoA for ATP
- Ketogenesis
- Makes ketones from acetyl-CoA
NDLE Passing Rule
75 average, no subject below 50
75%: general average50%: subject floor2 yrs: removal window
MNT Condition Picker
- Fixed insulin dose→Consistent Carb Timing(Same amount daily)
- Flexible insulin dose→Carb Counting(Match dose to meal)
- Pre-dialysis CKD→Lower Protein(Slows CKD progression)
- On dialysis→Higher Protein(Offsets treatment losses)
- Hepatic encephalopathy present→Adequate Protein(Treat the triggers)
- Major burn injury→Early High-Protein Feeding(Within 4-6 hours)
Micronutrient Biochemistry
- Vitamin B12
- Needs intrinsic factor absorption
- Heme Iron
- Absorbed efficiently from meat
- Non-Heme Iron
- Needs vitamin C to absorb
- Phytates
- Inhibit non-heme iron absorption
- Fat-Soluble Vitamins
- A, D, E, K stored
- Water-Soluble Vitamins
- Mostly excreted, need daily intake
Nutrition Assessment
- Anthropometric
- Measures body size directly
- Biochemical
- Blood or urine markers
- Clinical Exam
- Physical signs of status
- Dietary History
- Recalls actual food intake
- SGA
- History plus physical exam
- BMI
- Weight over height squared
MNT By Condition
- Diabetes MNT
- Keep carb timing consistent
- Pre-Dialysis CKD
- Lower protein slows progression
- Dialysis Diet
- Raises protein, offsets losses
- Hepatic Encephalopathy
- Keep protein, treat triggers
- Cardiac Diet
- Limits sodium and sat-fat
- Burn Injury
- High protein, feed early
- Dysphagia Diet
- Texture-modified food and liquids
Enteral, Parenteral & NCP
- Enteral Nutrition
- Tube feeding into gut
- Parenteral Nutrition
- IV feeding, bypasses gut
- Refeeding Syndrome
- Electrolyte crash on refeeding
- NCP
- 4-step nutrition care process
- PES Statement
- Names the nutrition diagnosis
- Monitoring/Evaluation
- Tracks outcomes, adjusts plan
RA 10862 & Licensure
- RA 10862
- 2016 Nutrition and Dietetics Law
- General Average
- 75% needed to pass
- Subject Floor
- No subject below 50%
- Removal Exam
- Redo sub-75% subjects within 2 years
- PIC Renewal
- Renewed every three years
- Illegal Title Use
- Fine of P300,000 or more
Pinggang Pinoy Plate
Glow half, Go third, Grow sixth
Glow: veg/fruit halfGo: rice/grains thirdGrow: protein sixth
Stunting vs Wasting
Stunting
- Low height-for-age
- Chronic undernutrition marker
- Slow to reverse
Wasting
- Low weight-for-height
- Acute undernutrition marker
- Faster to reverse
Chronic vs acute
National Nutrition Programs
- NNC
- Created under PD 491
- PPAN 2023-2028
- 11th national nutrition plan
- BNS
- One scholar per barangay
- OPT Plus
- Annual child weighing round
- DOH
- Chairs the NNC today
- FNRI
- Nutrition research arm, DOST
EAR vs RNI
EAR
- Meets half the group
- Used for planning
- Lower reference value
RNI
- Covers nearly everyone
- Used for individuals
- Higher reference value
Half group vs nearly all
Growth & Surveillance
- Stunting
- Low height-for-age, chronic
- Wasting
- Low weight-for-height, acute
- Underweight
- Low weight-for-age overall
- MUAC
- Mid-upper arm circumference check
- Incidence
- New cases in a period
- Prevalence
- All existing cases counted
Incidence vs Prevalence
Incidence
- Counts only new cases
- Measured over a period
- Reflects risk of disease
Prevalence
- Counts all existing cases
- Point or period count
- Reflects duration plus incidence
New cases vs all
Fortification & Supplementation Laws
- RA 8976
- Mandatory food fortification law
- Mandatory Fortificants
- Rice, flour, sugar, oil
- RA 8172
- ASIN Law, salt iodization
- EO 51
- Philippine Milk Code rules
- Vitamin A Dosing
- Children aged 6-59 months
- Sangkap Pinoy Seal
- Marks voluntary fortification compliance
Dietary Guidelines & Pinggang Pinoy
- PDRI 2015
- FNRI nutrient reference values
- EAR
- Meets half the group
- RNI
- Covers nearly all healthy people
- Pinggang Pinoy
- Go-Grow-Glow plate food guide
- GO Foods
- One-third plate, energy source
- GLOW Foods
- Half the plate, regulation
HACCP 7 Principles
Analyze, CCP, Limit, Monitor, Correct, Verify, Record
1-2: find and locate hazard3-5: limit, watch, fix6-7: verify and document
Food Infection vs Intoxication
Food Infection
- Live pathogens ingested
- Multiply inside the body
- Longer incubation period
Food Intoxication
- Pre-formed toxin ingested
- No growth required
- Faster symptom onset
Organism vs toxin
Food Safety Step Picker
- Hazard needs a control→Designate a CCP(HACCP principle 2)
- CCP needs a limit→Set Critical Limit(HACCP principle 3)
- Control may be lost→Monitor the CCP(HACCP principle 4)
- Limit gets exceeded→Take Corrective Action(HACCP principle 5)
- Cut fruit is darkening→Add Acid or Blanch(Stops enzymatic browning)
- Canning low-acid foods→Control Time, Temp, Acidity(Prevents botulinum toxin)
Food Science Reactions
- Maillard Reaction
- Heat browns protein and sugar
- Enzymatic Browning
- Cut fruit darkens with oxygen
- Starch Gelatinization
- Starch swells, thickens the liquid
- Caramelization
- Sugar browns under dry heat
- Denaturation
- Protein structure unfolds, loses shape
- Oxidative Rancidity
- Fat spoils from oxygen exposure
Analytical vs Affective Tests
Analytical Tests
- Trained, screened panelists
- Detect or describe traits
- More objective results
Affective Tests
- Untrained consumer panelists
- Measure liking or preference
- Uses a hedonic scale
Describe vs prefer
Food Microbiology
- Food Infection
- Live pathogens multiply inside
- Food Intoxication
- Pre-formed toxin already present
- C. Botulinum
- Low-oxygen, low-acid spore risk
- TCS Foods
- Support rapid pathogen growth
- Water Activity
- Free water available for growth
- Bacterial Spores
- Survive ordinary cooking heat
HACCP & Food Safety
- HACCP
- Seven Codex food-safety principles
- CCP
- Step that controls a hazard
- Critical Limit
- Measurable boundary for safety
- Corrective Action
- Fixes a lost control point
- Danger Zone
- 5-60°C, fastest pathogen growth
- Cross-Contamination
- Spreads pathogens between foods
Food Service Management
- FIFO
- Oldest stock used first
- Food Cost %
- Food cost over sales, x100
- Yield %
- Edible portion over purchased weight
- Standardized Recipe
- Fixed, repeatable preparation procedure
- Purchasing Specs
- Defines required product quality
- Par Stock
- Minimum inventory kept on-hand
Sensory Evaluation & Labeling
- Analytical Tests
- Trained panel detects attributes
- Affective Tests
- Untrained consumers rate preference
- Hedonic Scale
- Measures degree of liking
- Philippine FDA
- Regulates processed food labeling
- Ingredient List
- Descending order by weight
- Nutrition Facts
- Per-serving nutrient content panel
Common Traps
Infection vs Intoxication
Infection needs live organisms ≠ Intoxication needs only toxin
Stunting vs Wasting
Stunting measures height, chronic ≠ Wasting measures weight, acute
EAR vs RNI
EAR meets half the group ≠ RNI covers nearly everyone
Heme vs Non-Heme Iron
Heme absorbs well alone ≠ Non-heme needs vitamin C
Outdated 70% Passing Rule
Old PD 1286 used 70% ≠ RA 10862 now requires 75%
Enteral vs Parenteral Access
Enteral needs a working gut ≠ Parenteral bypasses the gut fully
Last Minute
- 1.Biochem 35%; Community 30%; Food 35%
- 2.Pass = 75% average, 50% floor
- 3.Removal exam: 2-year window only
- 4.Enteral = working gut; IV parenteral
- 5.Go third, Grow sixth, Glow half
- 6.HACCP: 7 principles, CCP is key
- 7.Danger zone: 5-60°C pathogen growth
- 8.Infection = organism; intoxication = toxin
- 9.Stunting = height; wasting = weight
- 10.PIC renews every 3 years
- 11.RA 8976: rice, flour, sugar, oil
Same family resources
Explore More Philippines PRC Health Exams
Continue into nearby exams from the same family. Each card keeps practice questions, study guides, flashcards, videos, and articles in one place.
More From This Family
Videos and articles for deeper review.