Free FAA AMG Exam Flashcards

Ohm's law is E = I x R: volts equal amps times ohms. Watt's law is P = I x E: watts equal amps times volts. Combine them for P = I squared x R. Rearrange either one for the unknown, so I = E / R and R = E / I.

Current is identical at every point in the loop. The individual voltage drops add up to the source voltage. Total resistance is the simple sum of the individual resistances. A single open anywhere stops current everywhere, which is why one failed element kills the whole string.

Voltage is the same across every branch. Branch currents add up to total current. Total resistance comes from 1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ... and is always smaller than the lowest branch resistance. Opening one branch leaves the remaining branches working.

Current law: the current flowing into a junction equals the current flowing out of it. Voltage law: around any closed loop, the voltage drops add up to the applied voltage. Together they solve combination circuits that plain series or parallel rules cannot.

It reads electrolyte specific gravity. About 1.150 indicates a discharged battery; 1.275 to 1.310 indicates a charged one. Specific gravity drops as discharge pulls sulfuric acid out of the electrolyte. If acid contacts skin, flush with water and apply bicarbonate of soda.

The electrolyte is potassium hydroxide, 20 to 34 percent by weight in distilled water. It carries current but is not consumed, so specific gravity stays nearly constant and never indicates state of charge. Neutralize spilled alkaline electrolyte with vinegar or dilute boric acid, not baking soda.

Primarily the wiring. FAA-H-8083-30B says protective devices guard the units and the wires, but most are sized to open before the conductor overheats, so the rating follows wire gauge and run length rather than the appliance on the end. Replacing a fuse with a higher rating removes that protection and invites a wiring fire.

Usually the lower right-hand corner, sometimes a strip running across the bottom of the sheet. It carries the drawing number plus identifying data about the drawing and the object it represents. Go here first for the drawing number and the part called out.

Revisions caused by changes in dimensions, design, or materials, listed in ruled columns either next to the title block or at one corner of the drawing. Every existing print must be marked with the change, so confirm you are holding the current revision before you cut metal.

Centerlines are alternate long and short dashes marking the center of an object; where they cross, the short dashes intersect. Hidden lines are short, evenly spaced dashes showing invisible edges or contours. A dimension line is a light solid line broken at the midpoint, arrowheads at both ends.

The datum is an imaginary vertical plane, chosen by the manufacturer, from which all horizontal distances are measured. Arm is the distance from that datum, positive aft and negative forward. Moment equals weight times arm. Center of gravity equals total moment divided by total weight.

Airframe, powerplant, required equipment, optional or special equipment, fixed ballast, hydraulic fluid, and residual fuel and oil trapped in lines and tanks. For most aircraft certificated after 1978 the full engine oil capacity is included too. The TCDS or Aircraft Specifications state which fluids count.

Tare is anything sitting on the scale that is not the aircraft: chocks, blocks, or a jack used to raise a tail dragger to level. Subtract tare from each scale reading before computing empty weight. Skip it and both the empty weight and the CG come out wrong.

Aircraft flaring tools have male and female dies ground to produce a 35 to 37 degree flare. An automotive flaring tool makes a 45 degree flare and may never be used on aircraft tubing. A bad flare leaks or pulls apart, and extra torque on the nut will not fix it.

Scratches or nicks no deeper than 10 percent of wall thickness, and not in the heel of a bend, may be repaired by burnishing. A dent less than 20 percent of tube diameter is acceptable unless it lies in the heel of a bend. Damage in the heel of a bend is not repairable.

Provide 5 to 8 percent slack or bend in the hose so it can change length under pressure. Keep the linear lay line straight: a twisted hose can fail or back its fittings off. Never stretch a hose tight between two rigid fittings.

The temper suffix follows the alloy number, as in 2024-T3. F is as fabricated, O is annealed, H is strain hardened for non-heat-treatable alloys, W is the unstable as-quenched condition, and T is heat treated to a stable temper. T3 is solution heat treated then cold worked; T6 is solution heat treated then artificially aged.

Alclad sheet is a strong alloy core rolled with a thin surface layer of nearly pure aluminum. That cladding corrodes sacrificially and shields the core. Sanding, drilling, or corrosion removal that cuts through the clad layer exposes the susceptible alloy, so remove the least material that does the job.

The wire is arranged so that if the bolt or screw begins to loosen, the force applied to the wire acts in the tightening direction. The double twist method is the most common. Torque parts to the specified value and align the holes before you attempt to safety them.

An extension at the drive end changes the effective lever length, so the dial no longer reads bolt torque. Use Tw = (Te x A) / B, where Te is required bolt torque, A is the wrench lever length, and B is wrench plus extension length. Tw is the value you set on the dial.

Grade 80 is red, grade 100 is green, 100LL is blue, and grade 115 is purple. Turbine fuel is marked with black on piping and fueling equipment, though the fuel itself is clear or straw colored. The fuel color must match the color band on the servicing equipment before you connect.

Fuel flowing through a hose and an airframe moving through air both build static charge. Bond the servicing unit to the aircraft, and the nozzle to the aircraft, before a fuel cap comes off. An unbonded aircraft can discharge back through the fuel line and ignite vapor.

Gaseous oxygen is nonflammable and chemically stable, but combustibles burn far more intensely in it. Oxygen combining with oil, grease, or bituminous material forms a highly explosive mixture that is sensitive to compression or impact. Keep fittings, tools, and hands free of oil when servicing oxygen.

Class A is ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, and cloth. Class B is flammable petroleum products. Class C is energized electrical equipment. Class D is combustible metal. Never use water on a Class D fire, and never use carbon dioxide on one either.

Foreign object damage comes from anything left where it does not belong: a dropped socket, a safety wire clipping, hardware in a wheel well. Control it with a shadowed toolbox, an inventory before and after the task, and a clean-as-you-go sweep of the work area.

An anode, a cathode, an electrolyte such as water or salt spray, and a conductive path between the anode and cathode. Remove any one and corrosion stops. That is why sealants, primers, drainage, and dissimilar-metal barriers are the backbone of corrosion prevention.

Two dissimilar metals far apart in the galvanic series touch with an electrolyte present. The more anodic metal, such as magnesium or aluminum, corrodes fast while the cathodic metal is protected. Prevent it with a protective barrier between the metals: primer, sealant, or a nonmetallic separator.

A special form of oxygen concentration cell corrosion under an organic coating, recognized by worm-like traces of corrosion product beneath the paint film. It forms when relative humidity is between 78 and 90 percent and the surface is slightly acidic. Polyurethane finishes are especially susceptible.

Intergranular corrosion attacks the grain boundaries of an alloy, often traced to improper heat treatment, and stays invisible from the surface until it is advanced. Exfoliation is intergranular corrosion in a rolled product that lifts the surface into layers or flakes. Ultrasonic and eddy current methods find them early.

It is a chemical treatment, typically chromate based, that converts the bare metal surface into a corrosion resistant film. It is not paint and adds almost no thickness. It slows corrosion on its own and gives primer a surface to bond to, so it goes on after cleaning and before primer.

Area of a circle is pi times radius squared. For a tapered wing panel, treat the planform as a trapezoid: area equals one half the sum of the root and tip chords, multiplied by the span of that panel. Wing area feeds wing loading and performance figures.

Volume equals pi times radius squared times height. Used for cylinder displacement, oil and oxygen capacity, and fuel tank volume. Keep the units straight: 231 cubic inches equals one U.S. gallon, and 1,728 cubic inches equals one cubic foot.

Divide inch-pounds by 12 to get foot-pounds; multiply foot-pounds by 12 to get inch-pounds. So 480 inch-pounds equals 40 foot-pounds. Use the standard torque table only when the maintenance data does not call out a specific value.

A ratio is the comparison of two numbers or quantities, written as a fraction, with a colon, or with the word to. Compression ratio is cylinder volume with the piston at bottom dead center divided by cylinder volume at top dead center. Put both volumes in the same units before dividing, so the result is a pure number such as 8.5:1.

Approved data is required for a major repair or major alteration. Acceptable data is enough for a minor repair or alteration. Approved data includes airworthiness directives, STCs, TCDSs, DER delegations, and FAA-approved manufacturer service bulletins. Manufacturer maintenance manuals and AC 43.13-1 are acceptable data. Where no approved data exists, the technician may request an FAA field approval.

Form 337 records a major repair or major alteration, in addition to the routine maintenance record entry required by 14 CFR 43.9(a). Under Part 43 Appendix B, execute it at least in duplicate, give a signed copy to the aircraft owner, and forward a copy to the FAA Aircraft Registration Branch within 48 hours of return to service.

You may not exercise the privileges of your certificate and rating unless, within the preceding 24 months, the FAA has found you able to do the work, or you have for at least 6 months served as a mechanic under your certificate, technically supervised other mechanics, or supervised maintenance in an executive capacity.

A 100-hour inspection is required when an aircraft carries persons for hire or is used for flight instruction for hire. The limit may be exceeded by not more than 10 hours only while en route to a place where the inspection can be done, and that excess counts against the next 100 hours. A mechanic holding the appropriate airframe or powerplant rating may perform and sign a 100-hour inspection (14 CFR 65.85 and 65.87); an annual requires an inspection authorization (14 CFR 65.95).

A description of, or reference to data acceptable to the Administrator for, the work performed; the date the work was completed; the name of the person who did the work if different from the approver; and the signature, certificate number, and kind of certificate of the approver. That signature approves only the work performed.

Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished in every direction and acts with equal force on equal areas. Force equals pressure times area, so a small input piston moves a large output piston with mechanical advantage equal to the ratio of the two piston areas. This is the basis of aircraft hydraulics.

Boyle: at constant temperature, gas volume varies inversely with absolute pressure, so P1V1 = P2V2. Charles: at constant pressure, volume varies directly with absolute temperature, so V1/T1 = V2/T2. Both demand absolute units, Rankine or Kelvin, never Fahrenheit or Celsius.

Total energy in a moving fluid stays constant, so where velocity rises static pressure falls. In a venturi the fluid accelerates through the throat and static pressure drops there, then recovers in the diverging section. This explains carburetor fuel metering and the pressure distribution that produces lift.

Standard sea level is 29.92 inches of mercury and 15 degrees Celsius. Pressure altitude is what the altimeter reads with 29.92 set in the window. Density altitude is pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature; hot and high conditions raise it and cut engine and propeller performance.

It finds only defects that break the surface, and only in nonporous material. Penetrant is applied and given dwell time, excess is removed, and developer draws trapped penetrant back out to reveal the flaw. It will never show a subsurface crack, an inclusion, or a defect closed by peening.

The method works on ferromagnetic material only. Circular magnetization, created by passing current through the part, finds defects running roughly parallel to the part's axis. Longitudinal magnetization, created with a coil, finds transverse defects. Inspect in both directions, then demagnetize the part.

A micrometer reads to 0.001 inch, and a vernier scale on the thimble extends that to 0.0001 inch. Vernier calipers typically read to 0.001 inch. Zero-check a micrometer on its anvil or a gauge block before use, and never accept a reading from a tool outside its calibration interval.

Twelve human factors identified by Transport Canada and adopted industry wide: lack of communication, complacency, lack of knowledge, distraction, lack of teamwork, fatigue, lack of resources, pressure, lack of assertiveness, stress, lack of awareness, and norms. Learn the symptoms of each and the safety net that contains it.

Work interrupted mid-task is where maintenance errors survive a handover. Brief the incoming technician face to face on what is complete, what is open, which fasteners are not yet torqued or safetied, and where the paperwork stands. Write the state of the task down; memory is not a handover tool.

The form a mechanic uses to report a service difficulty to the FAA, such as a failed part or an unexpected defect found in service. It feeds the FAA's Service Difficulty Reporting data, which the agency mines for fleet-wide trends and uses to support airworthiness directives and alerts. The ACS lists filing it as a Human Factors skill because reporting hazards, rather than quietly fixing them, is how one shop's finding protects the whole fleet.

Fatigue degrades vigilance, short-term memory, and decision making before the technician notices any of it, so asking yourself whether you are fit to work is a poor test. Watch instead for repeated errors, lost place in a procedure, and rereading the same step. Manage it with sleep, planned breaks, task rotation, and a culture that lets a technician stop work.