Regulations
15-25%of exam
Airspace + Requirements
15-25%of exam
Weather
11-16%of exam
Loading + Performance
7-11%of exam
Operations
35-45%of exam
Quick Facts
- Exam
- UAG
- Questions
- 60 scored
- Time
- 2 hours
- Pass
- 70% = 42
- Certificate
- Remote Pilot
- Certificate age
- 16+
- Test age
- 14+
- Drone size
- <55 lb
- Recency
- 24 calendar months
- Retake
- 14 days
UAG Test vs Certificate
UAG Test
- 60 questions
- 70% pass
- PSI center
Certificate
- IACRA application
- TSA vetting
- 16+ required
Test first, certificate after
Limit Picker
- Over 400 ft→Structure exception
- Night flight→Anti-collision lights
- People below→Category rules
- Moving vehicle→Category rules
- Multiple drones→Waiver
- BVLOS mission→Waiver
- Under 3 SM→No-go
- Clouds too close→No-go
Core Limits
- Small UAS
- Under 55 lb
- Altitude
- 400 ft AGL
- Structure rule
- Within 400 ft
- Groundspeed
- 100 mph max
- Knots
- 87 kt max
- Visibility
- 3 SM minimum
- Cloud clearance
- 500 below / 2000 horizontal
- VLOS
- Unaided visual sight
- Night
- Lights required
Remote ID vs Registration
Remote ID
- Broadcast identity
- In-flight signal
- RID equipment
Registration
- FAA number
- Drone marking
- DroneZone record
Broadcast vs ownership record
Pilot Rules
- Remote PIC
- Final authority
- Certificate
- Accessible during flight
- ID
- Present on request
- Alcohol
- 8 hours minimum
- Accident
- Report within 10 days
- Damage
- $500 threshold
- HAZMAT
- Never carry
- Inspection
- FAA may inspect
Category 2 vs 3
Category 2
- DoC required
- No laceration
- Broader people ops
Category 3
- Restricted access
- No assemblies
- Tighter exposure
Broader vs restricted
Remote ID
- Standard RID
- Built-in broadcast
- Module
- Attached broadcast
- FRIA
- No RID area
- Broadcast
- In-flight identity
- Serial
- Registration link
- Session ID
- Optional identifier
- ADS-B Out
- Generally prohibited
- Label
- RID compliance mark
People Rules
- Category 1
- Sub-250g eligible
- Category 2
- DoC required
- Category 3
- Restricted access
- Category 4
- Airworthiness certificate
- Open assembly
- Sustained crowd flight
- Moving vehicle
- Category conditions
- Exposed rotors
- Laceration risk
- DoC
- Compliance record
Airspace Lines
Blue towered, magenta non-towered
Solid blue: BSolid magenta: CDashed blue: DDashed magenta: E
AGL vs MSL
AGL
- Above ground
- Drone limit
- Structure rule
MSL
- Above sea level
- Chart elevations
- Airport data
Flight limit vs chart altitude
Airspace Picker
- Class G→No ATC auth
- Class B/C/D/E-surface→LAANC/DroneZone
- Above grid value→Further coordination
- TFR present→Do not fly
- Restricted area→Controlling agency
- Prohibited area→Do not fly
- Airport nearby→Avoid traffic
- Manual facility→DroneZone
Airspace Classes
- Class A
- 18,000 ft MSL
- Class B
- Solid blue
- Class C
- Solid magenta
- Class D
- Dashed blue
- E surface
- Dashed magenta
- E 700
- Fuzzy magenta
- Class G
- Uncontrolled airspace
- MSL
- Sea-level altitude
- AGL
- Above ground
LAANC vs Waiver
LAANC
- Airspace authorization
- Near real-time
- Grid altitudes
Waiver
- Rule relief
- Safety case
- Complex ops
Where vs what rule
Chart Symbols
- Blue airport
- Towered
- Magenta airport
- Non-towered
- MEF
- Max elevation figure
- Obstacle
- MSL with AGL
- Restricted
- Permission needed
- Prohibited
- Do not enter
- MOA
- Military activity
- TFR
- Temporary restriction
Controlled vs Uncontrolled
Controlled
- B/C/D/E-surface
- Authorization needed
- ATC managed
Uncontrolled
- Class G
- No ATC auth
- Still responsible
Authorization vs self-manage
Weather Minimums
3 SM, 500 down, 2000 across
3 SM visibility500 below2000 horizontalClouds matter
METAR vs TAF
METAR
- Current report
- Observed weather
- Hourly-ish
TAF
- Forecast
- Expected changes
- Airport area
Now vs later
Weather Picker
- METAR needed→Current weather
- TAF needed→Forecast
- High temp/elevation→Density altitude
- Fog or BR→Visibility check
- Gust spread high→Delay flight
- Thunderstorm nearby→No-go
- Low ceiling→Cloud clearance
- Night ops→Visual illusions
Weather Reports
- METAR
- Current observation
- TAF
- Airport forecast
- Z
- Zulu time
- KT
- Wind knots
- SM
- Statute miles
- A2992
- Altimeter setting
- OVC
- Overcast
- BKN
- Broken clouds
- BR
- Mist
- TS
- Thunderstorm
Weather Minimums
- Visibility
- 3 SM minimum
- Clouds
- 500 below / 2000 horizontal
- Fog
- Visibility killer
- Wind
- Control risk
- Gusts
- Battery drain
- Density altitude
- Hot high humid
- Icing
- No-go
- Thunderstorms
- No-go
Performance Factors
- Weight
- Endurance decrease
- Balance
- Stability control
- Payload
- Performance penalty
- Battery temp
- Capacity risk
- Prop damage
- Lift loss
- Density altitude
- Less lift
- CG
- Control response
- Wind
- Return margin
Pilot Fitness
IMSAFE before props spin
IllnessMedicationStressAlcoholFatigueEmotion
PIC vs VO
Remote PIC
- Final authority
- Certificate holder
- Safety decision
VO
- Assists sight
- Communicates hazards
- No certificate required
Authority vs assistance
Emergency Picker
- Manned aircraft→Yield immediately
- Lost link→Prebriefed procedure
- Flyaway→Notify ATC
- Battery fire→Isolate area
- Crash damage→Report if threshold
- Crew fatigue→Abort flight
- GPS loss→Manual control
- Person enters→Pause/land
Operations Stack
- ADM
- Aeronautical decisions
- CRM
- Crew coordination
- PAVE
- Preflight risk scan
- IMSAFE
- Pilot fitness
- 5P
- In-flight review
- VO
- Visual observer
- Preflight
- Condition safe
- Maintenance
- Follow manufacturer
Risk Flow
PAVE the mission; 5P the changes
PilotAircraftenVironmentExternal pressuresPlanPassengers
Emergency Actions
- Lost link
- Use preset action
- Flyaway
- Notify as needed
- Low battery
- Land early
- GPS loss
- Manual control
- Manned aircraft
- Yield immediately
- Crash
- Secure scene
- Fire
- Isolate battery
- Incursion
- Pause or land
Night Operations
- Night
- Sunset to sunrise
- Civil twilight
- 30 minute buffer
- Lights
- 3 SM visibility
- Scan
- Move eyes slowly
- Autokinesis
- Stationary light illusion
- Night myopia
- Distant focus loss
- Blind spot
- Avoid direct stare
- Illusions
- Trust instruments
Common Traps
400-foot rule
AGL normally ≠ Structure exception exists
Certificate recency
Certificate does not expire ≠ Training keeps recency
Class E confusion
Surface E needs authorization ≠ 700 E does not
Remote ID gap
Registration still required ≠ RID broadcasts identity
Night rule
Waiver usually unnecessary ≠ Lights still required
Over people
Category rules matter ≠ Open assemblies restrict
Validation items
Listed 60 are scored ≠ Extra items unscored
Last Minute
- 1.UAG: 60, 2h, 70%
- 2.Areas: 15-25/15-25/11-16/7-11/35-45
- 3.Certificate age is 16+
- 4.Test minimum age is 14+
- 5.Drone must be under 55lb
- 6.VLOS means unaided sight
- 7.400 AGL unless structure exception
- 8.3 SM visibility minimum
- 9.Clouds: 500 below, 2000 horizontal
- 10.Controlled airspace needs authorization
- 11.Retest wait is 14 days
- 12.Recency training every 24 months
- 13.RID separate from registration
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