Free UPCAT Exam Flashcards

The UPCAT covers Mathematics, Science, Language Proficiency, and Reading Comprehension. A balanced score matters because admission is competitive across the whole test, not one favorite subject.

UPG combines standardized UPCAT scores with high school grades, then ranks applicants for a campus and degree program. A strong test result helps, but grades are also part of the admission formula.

Incorrect answers can subtract a fraction of a point. Eliminate obvious distractors before guessing, and avoid random guesses when you have no basis for choosing.

Keep answer numbering aligned, fill bubbles cleanly, and reserve time to transfer or check answers. One skipped line can misalign many responses.

The UPCAT is long enough that pacing and stamina matter. Practice mixed sections under time pressure instead of only drilling one topic at a time.

To solve a one-variable linear equation, collect variable terms on one side and constants on the other, then divide by the coefficient. Check by substituting the value back into the original equation.

Evaluate parentheses first, then exponents, then multiplication and division from left to right, then addition and subtraction from left to right.

A discount leaves 100% minus the discount rate to pay. For example, a 25% discount means the sale price is 75% of the original price.

A ratio compares two quantities. A proportion states that two ratios are equal, so cross-multiplication can solve the missing value.

Slope is change in y divided by change in x: (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1). A positive slope rises left to right; a negative slope falls.

An expression in the form a^2 - b^2 factors as (a - b)(a + b). This pattern appears often in algebra simplification.

For x^2 + bx + c, find two numbers that multiply to c and add to b. Always multiply the factors back out to confirm the middle term.

f(x) means the output of a rule when the input is x. To evaluate f(3), substitute 3 wherever x appears in the function.

For a right triangle, a^2 + b^2 = c^2, where c is the hypotenuse. Common triples like 3-4-5 and 5-12-13 save time.

Area is pi r^2 and circumference is 2 pi r. Do not confuse radius with diameter; the radius is half the diameter.

Mean is the arithmetic average. Median is the middle value after sorting the data. Outliers affect the mean more than the median.

Probability equals favorable outcomes divided by total possible outcomes when outcomes are equally likely. Convert to a fraction, decimal, or percent as needed.

If one choice can happen m ways and another independent choice can happen n ways, the combined choices can happen m x n ways.

The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell. It is selectively permeable, so it allows some substances through more easily than others.

Mitochondria release usable energy for the cell through cellular respiration. They are often tested as the site of ATP production.

Plants use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. The process occurs mainly in chloroplasts.

Genotype is the genetic makeup, such as allele combination. Phenotype is the observable trait produced by genes and environment.

Energy flows from producers to consumers and decomposers. At each trophic level, much energy is lost as heat, so higher levels receive less usable energy.

Atomic number equals the number of protons in an atom. It identifies the element, so changing proton count changes the element.

Acids have pH below 7 and donate hydrogen ions in water. Bases have pH above 7 and accept hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions.

A physical change alters form or state without making a new substance. A chemical change produces new substances, often with gas, color, heat, or precipitate evidence.

Force equals mass times acceleration: F = ma. More force increases acceleration; more mass reduces acceleration for the same force.

Speed is how fast something moves. Velocity includes both speed and direction, so changing direction changes velocity even if speed stays constant.

In a series circuit, current has one path and a break stops the whole circuit. In a parallel circuit, current has multiple paths.

Earth's lithosphere is divided into moving plates. Plate boundaries explain many earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain ranges, and ocean trenches.

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks can transform through melting, cooling, weathering, compaction, heat, and pressure.

Tides are mainly caused by the Moon's gravity, with the Sun also contributing. Spring tides have the largest range; neap tides have a smaller range.

The verb must agree with the subject, not with a nearby prepositional phrase. Identify the true subject before choosing the verb form.

A pronoun must clearly refer to a noun and agree with it in number and person. Ambiguous pronouns weaken sentence clarity.

Items in a list or paired structure should use the same grammatical form. Parallel structure makes comparisons and sequences clear.

A modifier should sit near the word it describes. If it is too far away, the sentence can suggest the wrong meaning.

Use surrounding words, contrast signals, examples, and tone to infer an unfamiliar word's meaning before looking at answer choices.

An idiom has a meaning that cannot be fully predicted from the literal meanings of its words. Both English idioms and Filipino sawikain may appear in language review.

Figurative language uses comparison or exaggeration for effect. Common types include simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, and irony.

A synonym has a similar meaning; an antonym has an opposite meaning. In vocabulary items, match the word to the sentence's logic, not just a memorized definition.

The main idea is the passage's central point, not a small detail. It should cover the whole paragraph or passage without being too broad.

A supporting detail proves, explains, or illustrates the main idea. Return to the exact part of the passage instead of relying on memory.

An inference is a conclusion supported by clues in the text. It should go one step beyond the words, not contradict them.

Purpose asks why the author wrote the text: to inform, persuade, criticize, compare, explain, or entertain. Look at tone and structure for clues.

Tone is the author's attitude toward the subject. Word choice reveals whether the tone is neutral, skeptical, admiring, critical, humorous, or urgent.

Use the sentence's job in the passage to decide meaning. A familiar word may have a less common meaning in context.

Signal words such as because, therefore, as a result, and consequently often identify cause-effect relationships.

Words like however, although, despite, but, and whereas show a turn in logic. They are especially useful for vocabulary and inference questions.

UPCAT language and reading items may use English or Filipino. Build speed in both languages so a passage language switch does not slow your reasoning.

Rotate math, science, language, and reading review. UPCAT rewards broad readiness because all four subtests affect the ranking used for admission.