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Key Facts: FAA FII Exam

60

Exam Questions

FAA Airman Knowledge Testing Matrix

70%

Passing Score

42 of 60 correct

2h 30m

Time Limit

150 minutes

$175

Test Fee

PSI testing centers

No endorsement

Authorization to Test

FAA Testing Matrix

24 months

Result Validity

FAA 14 CFR 61

The FAA FII is a 60-question, 2 hour 30 minute multiple-choice knowledge test with a 70% passing score (42 of 60 correct), administered at PSI testing centers for $175. Per the FAA Testing Matrix, NO instructor endorsement is required to take the FII test itself — but applicants for the CFII certificate must hold a commercial or ATP certificate with an instrument-airplane rating, pass the Fundamentals of Instructing (FOI) test (unless waived), and obtain CFI endorsements for the practical test under 14 CFR 61.183. The test is based on FAA-H-8083-15B (Instrument Flying Handbook), FAA-H-8083-16B (Instrument Procedures Handbook), and FAA-H-8083-9 (Aviation Instructor's Handbook). Knowledge test results are valid 24 calendar months. Failure requires additional instruction and an instructor endorsement under 14 CFR 61.49 before retake.

Sample FAA FII Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the FAA FII exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Per the FAA Airman Knowledge Testing Matrix, how many multiple-choice questions are on the Flight Instructor Instrument Airplane (FII) knowledge test?
A.40 questions
B.50 questions
C.60 questions
D.100 questions
Explanation: The FAA Airman Knowledge Testing Matrix lists the FII (Flight Instructor Instrument) test at 60 questions with a 2 hour 30 minute time allotment and a 70 percent passing score. The 50-question test is the Fundamentals of Instructing (FOI), not the FII.
2What is the minimum passing score on the FAA FII knowledge test?
A.65 percent
B.70 percent
C.75 percent
D.80 percent
Explanation: All FAA airman knowledge tests, including the FII, require a minimum passing score of 70 percent. For a 60-question FII test that means 42 of 60 correct.
3Per the FAA Airman Knowledge Testing Matrix, what is the time allotted for the FII knowledge test?
A.1 hour 30 minutes
B.2 hours
C.2 hours 30 minutes
D.3 hours
Explanation: The FII knowledge test is allotted 2 hours 30 minutes (150 minutes). Candidates can usually finish well inside this window, but the matrix-allotted time is 2:30.
4Per the FAA Testing Matrix, authorization to take the FII knowledge test requires what form of instructor endorsement?
A.A CFI endorsement under 14 CFR 61.183(f)
B.A ground instructor endorsement signed within 60 days
C.None — no instructor endorsement is required to take the FII test
D.A flight instructor endorsement and an FAA Form 8710 sign-off
Explanation: The FAA Testing Matrix states that authorization for the AIF, FIH, FII, HIF, ICH, ICP, IEP, IFB, IFP, and IGI tests requires no instructor endorsement or other form of written authorization. (The Fundamentals of Instructing test, however, now does require an endorsement as of September 2024.)
5An applicant for the initial Flight Instructor Instrument certificate (CFII) must already hold which underlying pilot credentials?
A.A private pilot certificate and a current Class III medical
B.A commercial pilot or ATP certificate with an instrument rating in the appropriate category and class
C.An instrument-airplane rating only; no commercial certificate is required
D.A flight instructor airplane certificate plus a multi-engine rating
Explanation: Per 14 CFR 61.183, an applicant for a flight instructor certificate with an instrument rating must hold at least a commercial pilot certificate (or ATP) with an instrument rating in the category and class of aircraft for which the instructor rating is sought. CFII is most commonly added on top of an existing CFI airplane certificate.
6Per 14 CFR 91.167, the basic IFR fuel reserve rule (the '45-minute rule') requires enough fuel to fly to the first airport of intended landing, then to the alternate when one is required, and then to fly after that for how long at normal cruise?
A.30 minutes
B.45 minutes
C.60 minutes
D.Until reaching the reserve fuel light
Explanation: 14 CFR 91.167 requires fuel to complete the flight to the first airport of intended landing, then (if an alternate is required) to that alternate, and then to fly for 45 minutes at normal cruise after that. This is the standard '45-minute IFR fuel reserve.'
7For an airplane destination with an approved instrument approach, the 14 CFR 91.169 '1-2-3 rule' requires an alternate if, at any time from 1 hour before to 1 hour after ETA, the forecast ceiling is below ___ above airport elevation OR visibility is below ___.
A.1,000 feet / 2 statute miles
B.1,500 feet / 2 statute miles
C.2,000 feet / 3 statute miles
D.3,000 feet / 3 statute miles
Explanation: Under 14 CFR 91.169(a)(2) and (b), an airplane IFR flight plan must include an alternate unless the destination has a Part 97 standard instrument approach or an FAA-issued special approach for the operator, and reports or forecasts indicate a ceiling of at least 2,000 feet above airport elevation AND visibility of at least 3 statute miles throughout the period from 1 hour before to 1 hour after ETA. Failure of either weather threshold requires an alternate. Destination landing minimums and the alternate airport weather minimums in 91.169(c) are separate tests.
8For a Part 91 airplane, an alternate airport has only a nonprecision approach and no nonstandard alternate minimums. What forecast weather is required at the alternate ETA?
A.600-foot ceiling and 2 statute miles visibility
B.800-foot ceiling and 2 statute miles visibility
C.1,000-foot ceiling and 1 statute mile visibility
D.1,500-foot ceiling and 3 statute miles visibility
Explanation: Under 14 CFR 91.169(c)(1)(i), use the published alternate minimums; if none are specified, the airplane standards are a 600-foot ceiling and 2 SM visibility for a precision approach, or an 800-foot ceiling and 2 SM for a nonprecision approach, at the alternate ETA. LPV is not automatically eligible for 600-2: AIM 1-1-18 requires WAAS alternate planning using the applicable LNAV or circling minima and nonprecision weather requirements, subject to published restrictions.
9A student asks how often a VOR receiver used for IFR must be checked for accuracy under 14 CFR 91.171. The correct answer is:
A.Within the preceding 12 calendar months
B.Within the preceding 30 days
C.Within the preceding 24 calendar months
D.Before each IFR flight
Explanation: 14 CFR 91.171 prohibits IFR use of a VOR unless it has been operationally checked within the preceding 30 days. Allowable tolerances are ±4 degrees (VOT or designated airborne checkpoint), ±4 degrees (ground checkpoint), ±6 degrees (airborne checkpoint), or ±4 degrees on a dual-VOR cross-check.
10Per 14 CFR 91.171, what tolerance is allowed for a dual-VOR cross-check (one VOR against the other on the same station)?
A.2 degrees
B.4 degrees
C.6 degrees
D.8 degrees
Explanation: Dual-VOR cross-check tolerance is ±4 degrees between the two indications. (VOT and ground checkpoints are ±4 degrees, airborne checkpoint is ±6 degrees.) The dual-VOR check must still be logged with date, place, bearing error, and pilot signature.

About the FAA FII Exam

The FAA Flight Instructor Instrument Airplane (FII) knowledge test is the academic exam required to add an instrument rating to a flight instructor certificate — commonly called CFII. The test measures the applicant's instrument knowledge across IFR regulations (14 CFR Part 91), instrument approach procedures (ILS, RNAV GPS, VOR), holding procedures, ATC clearances and communications, instrument systems and failures, IFR charts, emergency procedures, aeromedical factors and spatial disorientation, and the instructor's ability to teach those topics. The FII knowledge test is administered by PSI under the FAA Airman Knowledge Testing Matrix and contains 60 multiple-choice questions in a 2 hour 30 minute time window. The passing score is 70 percent (42 of 60). No instructor endorsement is required to TAKE the FII test, although an endorsement is required to take the subsequent CFII practical test.

Exam sponsor: FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) / PSI Services. The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Questions

60 questions

Time Limit

2 hours 30 minutes (150 minutes)

Passing Score

70% (42 of 60 questions correct)

Exam / Certification Fees

$175

Exam sponsor website

Reported exam pass rate: Not published by FAA. The FAA does not release official pass-rate data for the Flight Instructor Instrument Airplane (FII) knowledge test. Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

20%

IFR Regulations (14 CFR Part 91)

91.167 fuel reserves, 91.169 alternate requirements and the 1-2-3 rule, 91.171 VOR checks, 91.173 IFR flight plan, 91.175 approach procedures and descent below MDA/DA, 91.177 minimum IFR altitudes, 91.179 IFR cruise altitudes, 91.185 lost comm (AVEF/MEA), 91.205 IFR equipment, 91.211 oxygen, 91.213 MEL.

18%

Instrument Approach Procedures

ILS components, CAT I/II/III categories, localizer (±2.5 deg) and glideslope (±0.7 deg) sensitivity, RNAV GPS minimums (LPV/LNAV-VNAV/LNAV), circling approaches and TERPS protected radii, missed approach procedures, MDA vs. DA semantics, approach categories (A through E).

10%

Holding Procedures

Direct/parallel/teardrop entries, the 70-degree rule, standard right turns vs. nonstandard, 1-minute (and 1.5-minute above 14,000) leg timing, holding airspeeds (200/230/265 KIAS by altitude), EFC time, standard-rate turn fundamentals, FMS-coupled hold bank limits.

10%

ATC Clearances & IFR Communications

CRAFT clearance elements, SIDs and 'top altitude,' STARs, radar vectors (30-degree maximum intercept; 20-degree within 2 NM of FAF on precision approaches), altitude restriction phraseology, clearance readback responsibilities, TCAS RA priority over ATC.

8%

Aeromedical Factors & Spatial Disorientation

Vestibular illusions: somatogravic (forward acceleration = nose-up), leans, graveyard spiral, Coriolis, inversion, false horizon. Four types of hypoxia (hypoxic, hypemic, stagnant, histotoxic), oxygen rules under 91.211, fatigue, CRM.

8%

IFR Charts & Symbology

Enroute low/high altitude charts, MEA, MOCA, MAA, OROCA. Approach plate symbology: FAF Maltese cross, VDP, alternate-minimums 'A' triangle, takeoff-minimums 'T' triangle, profile and plan views.

8%

Emergency Procedures

14 CFR 91.185 lost-comm rules — AVEF route rule and MEA altitude rule, clearance-limit and EFC procedures, transponder codes (7500 hijack / 7600 lost comm / 7700 emergency), windshear recognition and escape, TCAS RA response, inadvertent IMC, partial-panel and unusual-attitude recovery.

8%

Instrument Systems

Six-pack instruments (airspeed, attitude, altimeter, turn coordinator, heading indicator, VSI), pitot-static failures (blocked pitot with/without drain blockage, blocked static, alternate static source effects), gyroscopic instruments, magnetic compass errors (ANDS / UNOS), VOR/DME slant range, GPS RAIM and WAAS, ADF relative bearing.

10%

Fundamentals of Instructing & Teaching Techniques

Aviation Instructor's Handbook (FAA-H-8083-9) content as applied to instrument instruction: hazardous attitudes and antidotes, DECIDE model, laws of learning (Readiness/Exercise/Effect/Primacy/Intensity/Recency), levels of learning (rote/understanding/application/correlation), Bloom's cognitive taxonomy, demonstration-performance method, lesson planning, debrief technique, scan errors (fixation/omission/emphasis), control-performance vs. primary-supporting scan.

Preparing for the FAA FII Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: 70% (42 of 60 questions correct)
  • Exam length: 60 questions
  • Time limit: 2 hours 30 minutes (150 minutes)
  • Exam / certification fees: $175 Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

FAA FII: Suggested Study Strategy

1Read 14 CFR 91.167 through 91.185 cold — IFR fuel reserves, the 1-2-3 alternate rule, VOR checks, approach minimums, minimum altitudes, and the lost-communications procedure are the highest-weighted material on the FII.
2Drill the AVEF and MEA mnemonics for 91.185 lost-comm route and altitude until they are automatic. AVEF = Assigned, Vectored, Expected, Filed (priority order). MEA = highest of Minimum altitude for IFR, Expected, Assigned (per route segment).
3Memorize holding airspeeds (200 KIAS at 6,000 MSL and below, 230 from 6,001-14,000, 265 above 14,000) and the four entry types tied to the 70-degree rule. Be ready to identify entries from a heading-vs-inbound-course diagram.
4Master the pitot-static failure matrix: blocked pitot inlet with clear drain (airspeed bleeds to zero), blocked pitot AND drain (airspeed acts like an altimeter — increases on climb), blocked static (altimeter freezes, VSI shows zero, airspeed inaccurate; alternate static source typically gives slightly high altimeter and airspeed in an unpressurized cabin).
5Learn the six spatial-disorientation illusions cold: somatogravic (forward acceleration = false nose-up), leans (most common; vestibular adaptation to slow roll), graveyard spiral (tightening descending turn), Coriolis (head movement in a turn), inversion (rapid level-off after climb), false horizon (sloping cloud or terrain misperceived as horizon).
6Connect every topic to a teaching example. The FII tests not just IFR knowledge but the ability to TEACH it — review the Aviation Instructor's Handbook on demonstration-performance, scan errors (fixation/omission/emphasis), and how to correct common student mistakes like overcontrolling and chasing the needles.
7Use the FAA Testing Supplement for Flight and Ground Instructors during study — the same approach plates, enroute charts, and figures will appear in the test.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the FAA Flight Instructor Instrument Airplane (FII) knowledge test?

The FII is the academic knowledge test required to add an instrument rating to an airplane flight instructor certificate — commonly called the CFII. It is 60 multiple-choice questions in 2 hours 30 minutes at PSI testing centers, with a 70 percent passing score (42 of 60 correct). It is one of the FAA airman tests listed in the Airman Knowledge Testing Matrix.

What is the passing score on the FII test?

70 percent (42 of 60 questions correct). All FAA airman knowledge tests use a 70 percent passing standard, and the FII follows that rule per the Airman Knowledge Testing Matrix.

How many questions are on the FII test and how much time is allowed?

The FII knowledge test has 60 multiple-choice questions with a 2 hour 30 minute (150-minute) time allotment per the FAA Airman Knowledge Testing Matrix. The FAA's 50-question test is the Fundamentals of Instructing (FOI), which is a separate test.

Do I need an instructor endorsement to take the FII knowledge test?

No. The FAA Airman Knowledge Testing Matrix explicitly states that the AIF, FIH, FII, HIF, ICH, ICP, IEP, IFB, IFP, and IGI tests do not require an instructor endorsement or any other form of written authorization. (However, the Fundamentals of Instructing test now does require an endorsement as of September 2024, and the CFII practical test does require endorsements under 14 CFR 61.183.)

What pilot prerequisites apply to the CFII certificate?

Per 14 CFR 61.183, an applicant for a flight instructor certificate with an instrument rating must hold at least a commercial pilot certificate (or ATP) with an instrument rating in the same category and class as the instructor rating sought. The applicant must also pass the FOI knowledge test (unless waived for a current flight instructor or qualifying educator) and the FII knowledge test.

How much does the FII test cost?

The FII knowledge test costs $175 at PSI testing centers. If FOI must also be taken, that is an additional $175. Retakes are $175 each after the applicant receives additional instruction and an endorsement per 14 CFR 61.49.

What FAA handbooks should I study for the FII?

The three core references are FAA-H-8083-15B (Instrument Flying Handbook), FAA-H-8083-16B (Instrument Procedures Handbook), and FAA-H-8083-9 (Aviation Instructor's Handbook). The FAA-S-ACS-25 (Flight Instructor for Airplane Category ACS) and the FAA Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement for Flight and Ground Instructors are also direct references for chart, plate, and figure questions.

How long are FII knowledge test results valid?

FAA knowledge test results are valid for 24 calendar months. If the practical test is not completed within that window, the FII knowledge test must be retaken.

What is the difference between FII and IGI?

FII is the knowledge test for the Flight Instructor Instrument Airplane (CFII) — a CFII can give both ground and flight instruction toward an instrument rating and sign off applicants for the rating practical test. IGI (Instrument Ground Instructor) authorizes ground instruction only for the instrument rating; an IGI cannot endorse a candidate for the flight portion. Many CFIIs hold both, but the FII test is a CFI prerequisite while IGI is a separate ground-only credential.

What happens if I fail the FII test?

Per 14 CFR 61.49, you must receive additional instruction from an authorized instructor and obtain a logbook endorsement stating you have received that instruction and are competent to pass the test. There is no mandatory calendar waiting period, but the $175 retest fee must be paid for each retake attempt.