Free Life-Only Insurance Exam Flashcards

Term covers a set period (e.g., 10/20/30 years) with no cash value and the lowest premium; it pays only if death occurs during the term. Permanent insurance (whole, universal, variable) covers the whole life, builds cash value, and costs more. Term is 'pure protection'; permanent combines protection with savings.

Permanent insurance with a level (fixed) premium, a guaranteed death benefit, and guaranteed cash value that grows on a fixed schedule. The insurer bears the investment risk. Compared to universal life, whole life trades flexibility for guarantees.

Universal life (UL) is flexible-premium permanent insurance: the owner can adjust premiums and death benefit, and cash value earns a current interest rate above a guaranteed minimum. Whole life has a fixed premium and guaranteed values. UL trades guarantees for flexibility, and underfunding can cause the policy to lapse.

In variable life, cash value is invested in separate-account subaccounts (stocks/bonds) and the policyowner bears the investment risk; premiums are usually fixed. Variable universal life adds flexible premiums and an adjustable death benefit. Both require a securities (e.g., FINRA) registration to sell because they are securities.

Level term keeps the death benefit constant. Decreasing term reduces the death benefit over time (often used to cover a mortgage) while premiums stay level. Increasing term raises the death benefit over time, typically to offset inflation. Premiums and face amount move differently in each.

Option A (Level) keeps a level death benefit; the net amount at risk shrinks as cash value grows. Option B (Increasing) pays the face amount plus accumulated cash value, so the death benefit rises and premiums are higher. Option B leaves more to beneficiaries but costs more.

A universal life policy whose cash value credits interest tied to an index (e.g., S&P 500) subject to a cap and a floor (often 0%). The owner does not lose principal to market drops but gains are limited by the cap and participation rate. Unlike variable life, funds are not invested directly in the market.

A required period (commonly 30-31 days) after a missed premium during which the policy stays in force. If the insured dies in the grace period, the death benefit is paid minus the overdue premium. After the grace period ends unpaid, the policy lapses.

After the policy has been in force for a set time (typically 2 years), the insurer cannot contest the contract or deny a claim for misstatements or material misrepresentations on the application. Exceptions usually include fraud or nonpayment of premium, depending on state law.

The suicide clause excludes death by suicide for a set period (commonly 2 years); if suicide occurs in that window, the insurer refunds premiums rather than paying the face amount. Incontestability bars contesting for misrepresentation after the period. They run on similar timelines but address different risks.

Lets an owner restore a lapsed policy (often within 3-5 years) by submitting proof of insurability, paying back premiums with interest, and repaying any outstanding loan. A new contestable and suicide period generally begins on the reinstated coverage. Reinstating is usually cheaper than buying a new policy at an older age.

A required period (commonly 10-30 days, varies by state) after delivery during which the policyowner may return the policy for a full premium refund. It lets the buyer review the actual contract before being financially committed. For replacements, the free-look period is often longer.

If the insured's age or sex was stated incorrectly, the insurer adjusts the death benefit to the amount the paid premium would have purchased at the correct age or sex. The policy is not voided; the benefit is recalculated. This protects the insurer without canceling coverage.

States that the policy plus the attached application (and any riders/amendments) constitute the entire agreement. The insurer cannot reference outside documents to alter coverage, and no agent can change the contract. Any change must be in writing and attached.

A policy loan lets the owner borrow against cash value; unpaid loans plus interest reduce the death benefit and cash value. An automatic premium loan (APL) is an optional feature that uses cash value to pay a premium that would otherwise lapse, keeping the policy in force.

If the insured becomes totally disabled (usually after a waiting period such as 6 months), the insurer waives premiums while disability continues; the policy stays fully in force and cash value keeps building. It pays no cash to the insured; it only excuses premiums.

Pays an additional benefit (often double the face amount) if death results from a covered accident, usually within 90 days of the accident and before a stated age. It pays nothing extra for death from illness or natural causes.

Lets the insured buy additional coverage at specified future dates or life events (e.g., marriage, birth) without proving insurability. It locks in the right to add insurance regardless of future health changes, with premiums based on attained age.

Allows the insured to receive part of the death benefit early when diagnosed with a qualifying terminal or chronic illness. Amounts paid reduce the death benefit later paid to beneficiaries. It is often included at no extra cost and helps cover end-of-life expenses.

A term rider adds temporary coverage on the insured or a family member. A return-of-premium rider refunds premiums if the insured survives the term. A child rider covers children, typically convertible to permanent coverage without proving insurability. These extend protection without separate policies.

The primary beneficiary receives the death benefit first. The contingent (secondary) beneficiary receives it only if all primary beneficiaries die before the insured. If no named beneficiary survives, proceeds go to the insured's estate.

A revocable beneficiary can be changed at any time by the policyowner without consent. An irrevocable beneficiary cannot be changed and must consent to most policy changes (such as loans, surrender, or beneficiary changes). Irrevocable designations give the beneficiary a vested interest.

Per stirpes ('by branch') passes a deceased beneficiary's share to their descendants. Per capita ('by head') divides proceeds equally among the surviving named beneficiaries, so a deceased beneficiary's share is split among the others. The choice changes who inherits when a beneficiary predeceases the insured.

The common disaster (simultaneous death) clause presumes the insured outlived the beneficiary when both die close together, sending proceeds to contingent beneficiaries or the estate as intended. A spendthrift clause protects settlement proceeds from a beneficiary's creditors and prevents the beneficiary from assigning future payments.

Dividends from participating policies are a return of overcharged premium. The cash option pays the dividend directly to the owner. Paid-up additions use the dividend to buy small amounts of fully paid permanent insurance, increasing both death benefit and cash value. Paid-up additions are often the most efficient long-term option.

Reduce-premium applies the dividend toward the next premium, lowering out-of-pocket cost. Accumulate-at-interest leaves the dividend with the insurer to earn interest; the dividend itself is a tax-free return of premium, but the interest earned is taxable. These are two of the standard dividend options.

If the owner stops paying and surrenders the policy, they receive the accumulated cash surrender value (minus any loans/surrender charges). Coverage ends. Gain above the cost basis (premiums paid) is taxable as ordinary income. This is the simplest nonforfeiture choice.

Reduced paid-up uses the cash value as a single premium to buy a smaller fully paid permanent policy that lasts for life. Extended term uses the cash value to buy term insurance equal to the original face amount for as long as the value allows, then it ends. Extended term is usually the automatic default if no option is chosen.

Lump sum pays the full death benefit at once, income-tax-free to the beneficiary. Interest only leaves the proceeds with the insurer, which pays the beneficiary interest while the principal stays intact; the interest is taxable. Interest only preserves principal for later use.

Fixed period pays the proceeds plus interest over a set number of years (the payment amount varies). Fixed amount pays a chosen dollar amount each period until the funds run out (the duration varies). One fixes the time, the other fixes the dollar amount.

Straight life income pays the beneficiary for life and stops at death, giving the largest payment but nothing to heirs if death is early. Life income with period certain guarantees payments for at least a set number of years even if the beneficiary dies, protecting against early death. Adding guarantees lowers the payment.

A fixed annuity guarantees a minimum interest rate and fixed payments; the insurer bears investment risk. A variable annuity invests premiums in separate-account subaccounts, so the owner bears investment risk and payments fluctuate. Variable annuities are securities and require a securities registration to sell.

An immediate annuity begins income payments within about one period of a single premium purchase. A deferred annuity delays income to a future date and accumulates value (tax-deferred) until then. Immediate annuities skip the accumulation phase; deferred annuities have one.

During accumulation, money is paid in and grows tax-deferred; the owner can withdraw or surrender. At annuitization, the value is converted into a stream of income payments, which is generally irreversible. Annuitization is the trigger that turns savings into guaranteed income.

Life-only pays the largest amount but stops at death with nothing to heirs. Life with period certain guarantees payments for a minimum number of years. Installment (or cash) refund guarantees that total payments at least equal the principal, paying any remainder to a beneficiary. Adding survivor guarantees lowers the payment.

For annuitized payments in a nonqualified annuity, the exclusion ratio determines the portion of each payment that is a tax-free return of basis versus taxable earnings. It equals the investment in the contract divided by the expected total return. Once basis is fully recovered, payments become fully taxable.

A fixed annuity whose interest is linked to an index (e.g., S&P 500) subject to a cap, participation rate, and a guaranteed minimum floor. The owner gets some market-linked upside without direct market risk. It is generally treated as a fixed annuity, not a security.

At policy issue, the applicant must stand to suffer a genuine loss from the insured's death (financial or relationship-based, e.g., spouse, dependent, business partner, creditor). For life insurance, insurable interest must exist only at the time of application, not at the time of death.

Field underwriting is the producer's first-line screening: accurately completing the application, asking required questions, collecting medical history, and submitting honest information. The producer must not coach answers or omit material facts. Poor field underwriting leads to declines, ratings, or rescission within the contestable period.

A conditional receipt provides coverage from the application or medical exam date only if the applicant proves insurable as applied for. A binding receipt provides immediate temporary coverage for a set period regardless of insurability. The conditional receipt is most common in life insurance.

Underwriters assign risk classes. Preferred rates go to the healthiest applicants with the lowest premiums. Standard reflects average risk. Substandard (rated) applies to higher-risk applicants who pay an extra premium or rating. Declined means the risk is uninsurable. Classification sets the premium.

The MIB (Medical Information Bureau) shares coded medical/risk information among member insurers to detect omissions and fraud. Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, applicants must be notified when an investigative consumer report is used and have the right to know the nature of the information collected.

Death benefits paid in a lump sum to a named beneficiary are generally received income-tax-free. If proceeds are left with the insurer to earn interest (e.g., interest-only settlement), the interest portion is taxable. Death benefits may still be included in the insured's estate for estate-tax purposes if the insured owned the policy.

A life policy funded too quickly fails the 7-pay test and becomes a MEC. In a MEC, lifetime distributions (loans/withdrawals) are taxed last-in-first-out (gains first) and may incur a 10% penalty before age 59 1/2. The death benefit remains income-tax-free. MEC status is permanent.

A qualified annuity is funded with pre-tax dollars (e.g., in an IRA/401(k)), so the entire payout is taxable and required minimum distributions apply. A nonqualified annuity is funded with after-tax dollars, so only the earnings are taxable (basis is returned tax-free). Both grow tax-deferred.

Taxable gains withdrawn from an annuity before age 59 1/2 generally incur a 10% IRS penalty plus ordinary income tax. A Section 1035 exchange lets an owner swap one annuity or life policy for a like contract without triggering current tax, preserving cost basis.

Group life is issued under one master contract to an employer or association; members receive certificates, not individual policies. Underwriting is on the group, so individual evidence of insurability is often not required. Coverage is usually annually renewable term, and the employer may pay part or all of the premium.

When an employee leaves the group, the conversion privilege lets them convert group coverage to an individual permanent policy (usually within 31 days) without proving insurability, at an individual rate based on attained age. It prevents loss of coverage at job change, though the new premium is typically higher.

Twisting uses misrepresentation to convince a client to replace a policy. Churning is replacing a policy with the same insurer mainly to generate commissions. Rebating is giving anything of value not stated in the contract to induce a sale. All three are illegal producer practices in most states.

When replacing an existing life policy, the producer must give required replacement notices, list policies being replaced, and provide the insurer the documents to evaluate suitability. The buyer often gets an extended free-look. Rules exist to prevent unnecessary replacements that cause new contestable periods, surrender charges, and lost coverage.