20.1 Integrated Defense (AFH-1 Section 18A)
Key Takeaways
- The purpose of security is to never permit the enemy to acquire an unexpected advantage, and integrated defense is an All Airmen program.
- The nine integrated defense desired effects are anticipate, deter, detect, assess, warn, defeat, delay, defend, and recover.
- The base security zone is a USAF-unique intra-service term for the area outside the base perimeter from which the base may be vulnerable to standoff weapons and waterborne threats.
- Protection Level 1 covers resources whose loss would cause unacceptable mission degradation to strategic capability or catastrophic consequences for the nation, such as nuclear weapons and presidential aircraft.
- The base defense operations center is the command and control center for integrated defense operations during routine and emergency operations.
Maintain the Advantage
Section 18A: the purpose of security is to never permit the enemy to acquire an unexpected advantage. Security applies to all members of the USAF at all times. Integrated defense does not stand alone. Planners coordinate with other DoD and Department of the Air Force programs. Air-base protection requires emergency management, antiterrorism, and other mission support forces under the mission assurance umbrella.
The Integrated Defense Program
The USAF Integrated Defense Program is the integration of multidisciplinary active and passive, offensive, and defensive capabilities, employed to mitigate potential risks and defeat adversary threats to USAF operations. The goal is to neutralize security threats within the base boundary and the base security zone. See AFPD 31-1, Integrated Defense.
| Category | What AFH 1 lists |
|---|---|
| Threat actors | Terrorists, insiders, criminals, foreign intelligence, and security services |
| Potential hazards | CBRN-high yield explosive attacks; natural and man-made disasters; major accidents; accidental or deliberate release of hazardous materials, toxic industrial materials, or chemicals |
Integrated defense is an All Airmen program. Teaming creates a united, seamless defense. Every Airman is trained to defend themselves and to integrate into defense operations while in garrison or deployed.
Perimeter, Boundary, and Base Security Zone
Three geographic terms (Figure 18.1):
| Term | AFH 1 definition |
|---|---|
| Base perimeter | The physical boundary of the installation |
| Base boundary | Per JP 3-10, Joint Security Operations in Theater, a line that delineates the surface area of a base to coordinate and deconflict operations between adjacent units, formations, or areas. Established with METT-TC. Boundaries may not necessarily coincide with the fenced perimeter, property lines, or legal boundaries |
| Base security zone | A USAF unique concept and term to be used intra-service only. The area outside the base perimeter from which the base may be vulnerable from standoff weapons (mortars, rockets, and man portable air defense systems) and waterborne threats |
The installation commander should arrange to have the base security zone recognized as the base boundary. If the boundary does not include all of that terrain, the commander mitigates the risk (through local, state, or federal agencies, or the host nation or area commander) or accepts the risks of enemy attack from outside the boundary.
Nine Desired Effects
Commanders execute integrated defense to achieve nine desired effects based on the risk management process.| Effect | How AFH 1 describes it | |---|---| | Anticipate | Threat intentions and actions (intelligence preparation of the operational environment or crime trend analysis) | | Deter | Active community policing, boundary and internal circulation control, controlled area marking, and prudent physical security measures | | Detect | Lighting, intrusion detection systems/early warning systems, and closed-circuit television | | Assess | Identify friend or foe using cameras, posted sentries, response forces, and intrusion detection systems | | Warn | Mass notification, radio, public address, commander's access channels, voice, hand and arm signals, cellular telephones, and IM/SMS texting | | Defeat | Appropriate, progressive force application, coordinated security force response, and integration of forces | | Delay | Layered barriers, obstacles, technology, physical security measures, and forces — defense-in-depth procedures | | Defend | Threat- and effects-based planning; forces trained and qualified on arming and use of force; fighting positions where prudent | | Recover | Effective command and control, and developing and exercising Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan 10-2 |
Cascade: deter → detect → assess → warn → defeat → delay → defend → recover. Delay = defense-in-depth.
Base Defense Operations Center and Risk Management
The base defense operations center is the command and control center for integrated defense operations during routine and emergency operations. The defense force commander establishes it to coordinate and direct tactical control of integrated defense forces and supporting capabilities via the operational chain of command. Central security control, the law enforcement desk, and other security forces control centers operate under its control at home station and deployed.
The integrated defense risk management process is a standardized model to identify risks and develop strategies that leverage finite resources against adaptive threats. It produces the criticality assessment and risk assessment, then a decision based on what is important, the estimated threat, and how the asset might be damaged or destroyed.
Security Protection Levels
| Level | Loss, theft, destruction, damage, misuse, or compromise would result in… | AFH 1 examples |
|---|---|---|
| PL1 | Unacceptable mission degradation to strategic capability or catastrophic consequences for the nation. Greatest possible deterrence; maximum means to detect and defeat a hostile force | Nuclear weapons in storage mated to a delivery system or in transit; designated command, control, and communications facilities; aircraft designated to transport the U.S. President |
| PL2 | Significant mission degradation to war fighting capability. Significant deterrence; significant probability of detecting and defeating a hostile force | Nonnuclear alert forces; designated space and launch systems; few-in-number or one-of-a-kind systems; intelligence-gathering systems |
| PL3 | Mission degradation to United States warfighting capability. Reasonable deterrence; impede a hostile force and limit damage | Non-alert resources that can be generated to alert status; selected command, control, and communications facilities; non-launch-critical or non-unique space launch systems |
| PL4 | Adversely affect mission capability for operational or mission support resources that support power projection. Reduce opportunity for theft or damage; owners or users responsible for security; Security Forces respond | Category I, II, or III sensitive conventional arms, ammunition, and explosives; fuels and liquid oxygen storage areas; USAF accounting and finance vault areas |
Adjectives in order: unacceptable/strategic/catastrophic (PL1) → significant (PL2) → mission degradation (PL3) → adversely affect (PL4).
Which resource does AFH 1 give as an example of Protection Level 1?
Which integrated defense desired effect does AFH 1 describe as applying defense-in-depth procedures?
Who establishes the base defense operations center, and how does AFH 1 describe that center?