Free NH LNA Exam Flashcards

Politely explain that discussing diagnoses, treatment plans, or lab results is outside a nursing assistant's scope of practice. Refer the family member to the nurse, who can share information appropriately.

Delegation is when a licensed nurse assigns a specific nursing task to the aide after determining the aide is competent to perform it. The nurse remains accountable for the outcome; the aide may only perform delegated tasks within their training and the care plan.

Report the observation to the nurse immediately using objective, factual language, then document it. Nursing assistants observe and report — they do not diagnose or decide on treatment independently.

Respect the resident's right to refuse care — under OBRA, care cannot be forced. Document the refusal, notify the nurse, and offer to try again later or provide an alternative such as a bed bath, without coercion.

Privacy and dignity. Knock and wait before entering, close the door or pull the privacy curtain, and keep the resident covered except for the body part being cared for.

Residents have the right to voice grievances without fear of retaliation or reprisal. Your role is to listen respectfully, never dismiss the concern, and report it to the nurse or supervisor so it is formally addressed.

Physical abuse is an intentional act that causes bodily harm or pain. Neglect is the failure to provide necessary care (food, hygiene, safety, supervision), whether intentional or not. Both must be reported immediately.

Report it to the nurse immediately and document your objective observation (location, size, appearance). As a mandatory reporter, you cannot decide the finding is nothing — any suspicion of abuse or neglect must be reported.

Financial exploitation is the illegal or improper use of a resident's funds, property, or assets. Every nursing assistant is a mandatory reporter and must report suspected exploitation to the nurse or supervisor.

New Hampshire licenses nursing assistants rather than certifying them. LNA stands for Licensed Nursing Assistant, governed by RSA 326-B (the NH Nurse Practice Act); the scope of practice and exam content are essentially the same as a CNA in other states.

Every 2 years. Renewal requires 24 hours of continuing education AND 200 hours of work as a nursing assistant during the renewal period — both requirements must be met, not just one.

MNA stands for Medication Nursing Assistant, an add-on certification letting an experienced LNA administer medications in long-term care settings under specific conditions. It requires completing an additional 80-hour course beyond the base LNA training.

Keep a wide base of support (feet shoulder-width apart), bend at the knees rather than the waist, hold the load close to your body, and never twist your spine while lifting — pivot your feet instead.

Keep the call light within easy reach at all times, and keep the bed in its lowest position with the wheels locked. Also clear pathways of clutter and ensure non-slip footwear is worn.

No. A physical restraint requires a physician's order and must be a last resort after alternatives, like a wanderguard alarm or closer supervision, have failed. If a restraint is in use, it must be released and the resident checked at least every 2 hours.

Respect their cultural and religious dietary preferences, do not pressure them to eat it, and notify the nurse or dietary staff so an appropriate substitute can be arranged.

It ranks human needs from most to least basic: physical needs (food, warmth, safety) first, then love/belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization. Physical needs generally must be addressed before a resident can focus on emotional or social needs.

Dementia develops gradually and is generally a progressive, irreversible decline in memory and thinking. Delirium has a sudden, rapid onset and is often reversible once the underlying cause (infection, medication, dehydration) is treated.

This is called sundowning. Keep the environment calm and consistently lit, maintain a predictable routine, and avoid arguing with the resident's confusion — use validation and gentle redirection instead.

Use validation therapy: acknowledge the resident's feelings and reality rather than correcting or arguing with them, then gently redirect them to a comforting activity.

Normal oral temperature averages about 97.8-99.1°F. A temperature at or above 100.4°F (38°C) is generally considered a fever and should be reported to the nurse.

60 to 100 beats per minute. A resting pulse below 60 (bradycardia) or above 100 (tachycardia) should be reported to the nurse.

12 to 20 breaths per minute. Count respirations without telling the resident, since awareness of being watched can change breathing patterns; count for a full minute or per facility policy.

A normal adult blood pressure is generally below 120/80. Significantly elevated readings (such as 140/90 or higher) or unusually low readings should be reported promptly, along with any symptoms like dizziness or headache.

Normal oxygen saturation is 95-100%. A reading below 90% is a warning sign of inadequate oxygenation and must be reported to the nurse right away.

Gown first, then mask, then goggles or face shield, and gloves last. Gloves go on last so they cover the gown's cuffs and stay clean until you touch the resident.

Gloves first (the most contaminated item), then goggles or face shield, then gown, and mask last — followed immediately by hand hygiene. This reverse order minimizes the risk of self-contamination.

Before and after every resident contact, before and after gloving, after touching body fluids or contaminated surfaces, and after removing PPE. Hand hygiene is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of infection.

Standard precautions are basic infection-control practices, such as hand hygiene and gloves when contact with body fluids is likely, used with every resident regardless of known infection status, because any resident could be carrying an infectious organism.

Gown and gloves, in addition to standard precautions. Contact precautions are used for organisms spread by direct or indirect touch (like MRSA or C. diff) and are added on top of, not instead of, standard precautions.

Airborne precautions, requiring an N95 (or higher) respirator mask before entering the room, ideally a negative-pressure room. Airborne precautions apply to diseases spread by tiny particles that travel through air, such as TB, measles, and chickenpox.

Objective data is what you directly observe or measure, such as a wound being red and swollen. Subjective data is what the resident tells you, such as 'my stomach hurts.' Both should be documented, but keep them separate and factual.

Chest pain, uncontrolled bleeding, and a resident fall or sudden change in consciousness/breathing all require immediate reporting. Do not wait until the end of your shift to communicate urgent findings.

I&O stands for intake and output — recording all fluids a resident consumes and all fluid output (urine, vomit, drainage). It helps the care team monitor hydration, kidney function, and fluid balance, especially for residents on fluid restrictions.

Complete an incident report documenting exactly what happened, even without injury. Unusual or unexpected events must always be documented and reported to the nurse, since patterns of near-misses can signal a bigger safety problem.

Wash the face first, since it is the cleanest area, and the perineal area last, since it is the most likely to be contaminated — always working from clean to dirty to avoid spreading microorganisms.

Always clean front to back, from the urethral area toward the anal area, never the reverse. This prevents moving bacteria from the rectal area toward the urinary opening, reducing the risk of urinary tract infections.

Position them side-lying with the head turned slightly down. This lets fluids and secretions drain out of the mouth by gravity, reducing the risk of aspiration.

In a labeled, covered container filled with cool (not hot) water or a denture-cleaning solution. Hot water can warp dentures, and an unlabeled container risks mix-ups between residents.

Do not trim a diabetic resident's toenails yourself — refer this to the nurse or a podiatrist. Diabetic residents have a higher risk of poor circulation and slow-healing wounds, so even a small nick can lead to serious complications.

Dress the weak (affected) side first, then the strong side. When undressing, do the reverse — remove clothing from the strong side first, then the weak side. This rule minimizes strain on the weaker limb.

Snugly around the resident's waist, over their clothing (never bare skin), with enough room to slide two fingers underneath. Use the belt handles to guide and steady the resident, not to lift their full body weight.

Lock both wheels. An unlocked wheelchair can roll away during the transfer and cause a fall — always check that the brakes are engaged before the resident moves.

In active ROM, the resident moves their own joints independently, helping maintain strength and mobility. In passive ROM, the aide moves the resident's joints for them because the resident cannot move that body part alone, which helps prevent joint contractures.

Walk slightly behind and to the side of the resident's weak side, ready to provide support if they start to fall. Never pull on a weak arm or shoulder.

Do not try to catch or hold them fully upright, since this risks injury to both of you. Widen your stance, support their body, and gently guide or lower them to the floor while protecting their head, then call for help.

Offer only the permitted amount, track it as part of I&O, and notify the nurse if the resident is exceeding or requesting more than their restriction allows — do not give extra fluids on your own.

Keep the resident sitting as upright as possible during and for at least 30 minutes after eating, to reduce the risk of food or liquid entering the airway.

A structured program using a regular, scheduled toileting routine (for example, every 2 hours) to help a resident regain or maintain continence, rather than waiting for accidents to happen.

The catheter bag must always be kept below the level of the bladder to prevent backflow and infection. For a dying resident, focus on comfort measures — pain relief, mouth care, positioning, and treating the body with dignity during post-mortem care.