Free BCSP CSP Exam Flashcards

PtD controls hazards while a facility, process, product, or task is still being designed. It is strongest when hazards are eliminated or reduced before workers ever encounter them.

The preferred order is elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, then PPE. Controls higher in the hierarchy remove or isolate hazards instead of relying on worker behavior.

Substitution replaces a hazardous material, process, or energy source with a less hazardous option. It is usually more reliable than procedures or PPE because it reduces the hazard at the source.

PHA is a systematic review of process hazards, causes, consequences, and safeguards. Common methods include HAZOP, what-if, checklist, FMEA, and fault tree analysis.

MOC evaluates safety impacts before changes to chemicals, equipment, technology, procedures, staffing, or operating conditions. Replacement in kind is usually outside MOC; changed specifications are not.

LOTO controls hazardous energy during service or maintenance. Each authorized employee must control their own lock when exposed to the hazard, including in group lockout work.

An arc flash assessment estimates exposure and defines boundaries, work practices, and arc-rated PPE. PPE selection depends on incident energy, task, equipment condition, and voltage.

Grounding gives fault current a low-resistance path so protective devices can open the circuit. It reduces dangerous voltage on equipment enclosures during faults.

A confined space needs a permit when it has or could have a hazardous atmosphere, engulfment hazard, inwardly converging walls, or another serious safety hazard.

Acceptable oxygen for permit-space entry is 19.5% to 23.5%. Below the range is oxygen deficient; above it increases fire and combustion risk.

The entry supervisor verifies acceptable entry conditions, authorizes entry, and terminates the permit when work is complete or conditions change.

A hot work permit confirms combustibles are removed or protected, fire protection is available, and a fire watch is assigned when needed for welding, cutting, grinding, or similar work.

A fire watch monitors for ignition during and after hot work, keeps extinguishing equipment ready, and watches for smoldering material that may flare after the task ends.

Class A is ordinary combustibles, B is flammable liquids, C is energized electrical equipment, D is combustible metals, and K is cooking oils and fats.

Clean agents are useful for electrical or electronic equipment because they are nonconductive and leave little or no residue. Evaluate occupancy hazards before using agents that can displace oxygen.

OSHA general industry walking-working surfaces commonly require fall protection at 4 feet. Other settings differ, such as construction at 6 feet and scaffolds at 10 feet.

A standard guardrail top rail is 42 inches plus or minus 3 inches, with a midrail and toeboard when required. Guardrails prevent falls; handrails help people use stairs.

A vertical lifeline used for fall arrest must support at least 5,000 pounds per employee attached. The anchor, connector, harness, and clearance must also be suitable.

Under ideal manual-lift conditions, the NIOSH lifting equation starts with a 51-pound load constant. Poor reach, twisting, frequency, coupling, or vertical travel lowers the recommended limit.

A forklift overturns when the combined center of gravity moves outside the stability triangle. Speed, turning, ramps, high loads, and uneven surfaces increase this risk.

An SMS is a structured framework for policy, planning, hazard control, performance measurement, corrective action, and continual improvement. ISO 45001 is a common management-system reference.

PDCA drives continuous improvement: plan objectives and controls, do the work, check performance, and act on findings. Safety audits and corrective actions fit this cycle.

Leading indicators measure proactive activity or conditions, such as hazard corrections, training completion, inspections, and near-miss reporting. They help predict and prevent future incidents.

Lagging indicators measure events that already happened, such as recordable injuries, lost-time cases, workers compensation costs, and TCIR. They are useful but do not predict hazards by themselves.

TCIR = recordable cases x 200,000 divided by hours worked. The 200,000 base represents 100 full-time workers at 2,000 hours per year.

Root cause analysis looks beyond the immediate event to underlying system weaknesses. Tools include 5 Whys, fishbone diagrams, change analysis, and barrier analysis.

The Swiss Cheese Model explains incidents as aligned weaknesses across multiple defense layers. Strong programs add independent, overlapping safeguards so one failure does not cause a loss.

A near miss is an unplanned event that did not cause injury, illness, or damage but had the potential to do so. Reporting near misses helps find hazards before losses occur.

Safety culture is the shared set of values, assumptions, and behaviors about safety. It shows up in reporting, leadership decisions, accountability, resource allocation, and how failures are handled.

BBS observes work behaviors, reinforces safe actions, and identifies system factors that shape at-risk behavior. Effective BBS is coaching-focused, not a blame or discipline program.

A sound incentive program rewards participation, hazard reporting, corrective action, and safe practices. Injury-rate-only incentives can suppress reporting and distort safety data.

A JHA breaks a job into steps, identifies hazards in each step, and selects controls. It works best when employees who perform the task help develop it.

Risk combines likelihood and consequence severity. A high-consequence event can deserve priority even when unlikely, while frequent low-severity events may also warrant controls.

Inherent risk exists before controls are applied. Residual risk remains after controls, safeguards, and procedures are in place and must be judged against risk tolerance.

ALARP means reducing risk as low as reasonably practicable. Controls should continue until the cost or burden of more reduction is grossly disproportionate to the added benefit.

A risk register tracks hazards, risk ratings, owners, treatment plans, status, and review dates. It makes risk decisions visible and keeps mitigation work accountable.

FTA starts with an undesired top event and works backward through logical combinations of failures. It is deductive and useful for understanding how multiple failures can combine.

In FMEA, RPN = severity x occurrence x detection. Higher values point to failure modes that deserve stronger controls or design changes.

A bow-tie diagram places the central event in the middle, threats and preventive barriers on the left, and consequences and mitigative barriers on the right.

An EAP describes how to report emergencies, evacuate or shelter, account for employees, handle critical operations, and assign rescue or medical duties.

ICS is a standardized structure for managing emergencies. It clarifies command, objectives, communications, resources, and responsibilities across incidents of different sizes.

A tabletop exercise is discussion-based. Participants walk through a scenario to test roles, decisions, communications, and plan gaps before a functional or full-scale drill.

Business continuity planning identifies critical functions, needed resources, recovery priorities, and alternate processes so essential operations can continue or resume after disruption.

P2 prevents waste or emissions at the source through substitution, process change, conservation, and housekeeping. It is preferred over treating or disposing of pollution after generation.

Under RCRA, hazardous waste generators remain responsible for proper identification, storage, manifesting, transport, treatment, and disposal from generation through final disposition.

A Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure plan addresses oil spill prevention and containment so discharges do not reach navigable waters or adjoining shorelines.

Industrial hygiene follows AREC: anticipate hazards, recognize existing exposures, evaluate exposure levels, and control hazards through appropriate measures.

Respirators are selected by contaminant, concentration, oxygen level, exposure limit, required protection factor, and task conditions. Air-purifying respirators cannot be used in oxygen-deficient atmospheres.

OSHA hearing conservation requirements begin at an 8-hour TWA of 85 dBA. The program includes monitoring, audiometry, hearing protection, training, and records.

Kirkpatrick evaluates reaction, learning, behavior, and results. For safety training, the strongest evidence is changed job behavior and improved safety performance, not just positive class feedback.