Reading
33%of exam
Mathematics
33%of exam
Writing
33%of exam
Quick Facts
- Test
- ParaPro 1755
- Owner
- ETS
- Questions
- 90 selected-response
- Time
- 150 minutes
- Delivery
- Computer delivered
- Content
- Reading math writing
- Application
- About one-third
- Calculator
- Not permitted
- Passing
- State/district set
- Scores
- 2-3 weeks
Question Stems
Who what when where why how
Who: peopleWhat: eventsWhy: reasonsHow: process
Main Idea vs Detail
Main idea
- Whole passage
- Broad enough
- Central point
Detail
- Specific fact
- Supports point
- Too narrow
Whole vs part
Reading Support
- Needs gist→Main idea(Ask mostly about)
- Needs proof→Text detail(Find evidence)
- Unknown word→Context clues(Read around it)
- Complex word→Word parts(Root/prefix/suffix)
- Before reading→Prereading(Skim and predict)
- Visual data→Chart reading(Labels first)
Main Idea
- Topic
- Subject only
- Main idea
- Central point
- Purpose
- Why written
- Summary
- Short whole-text meaning
- Detail
- Supports main idea
- Organization
- How text unfolds
- Directions
- Follow stated steps
Reading Proof
Answer must live in text
Quote clueAvoid outside knowledgeMatch question
Fact vs Opinion
Fact
- Verifiable
- Evidence based
- Objective wording
Opinion
- Judgment
- Belief words
- Preference language
Checkable vs debatable
Reading Evidence
- Inference
- Evidence plus logic
- Implication
- Suggested not stated
- Fact
- Can be checked
- Opinion
- Judgment or belief
- Chart
- Visual data
- Table
- Rows and columns
- Graph
- Trends or comparison
Content vs Application
Content
- Know the skill
- Solve directly
- Academic task
Application
- Assist student
- Choose strategy
- Classroom context
Do vs help
Word Tools
- Context
- Nearby meaning clues
- Prefix
- Before root
- Suffix
- After root
- Root
- Core meaning
- Syllable
- Word sound part
- Synonym
- Similar meaning
- Antonym
- Opposite meaning
- Homonym
- Same sound/name
Classroom Support
- Model
- Show the strategy
- Prompt
- Cue next step
- Question
- Guide thinking
- Observe
- Notice evidence
- Scaffold
- Temporary support
- Dictionary
- Word reference
- Preread
- Preview before reading
Order Operations
PEMDAS orders operations
ParenthesesExponentsMultiply/divideAdd/subtract
Mean vs Median
Mean
- Add then divide
- Affected by outliers
- Arithmetic average
Median
- Order first
- Middle value
- Outlier resistant
Average vs middle
Math Support
- Word problem→Find ask(Then choose operation)
- Fraction confusion→Draw model(Make parts visible)
- Equation stuck→Undo steps(Keep balance)
- Shape problem→Sketch labels(Formula after sketch)
- Graph question→Read axes(Units matter)
- Answer odd→Estimate(Check reasonableness)
Number Sense
- Sum
- Add result
- Difference
- Subtract result
- Product
- Multiply result
- Quotient
- Divide result
- Numerator
- Top fraction
- Denominator
- Bottom fraction
- Equivalent
- Same value
- Percent
- Per hundred
Data Centers
Mean adds; median orders; mode repeats
Mean: averageMedian: middleMode: most
Perimeter vs Area
Perimeter
- Around shape
- Linear units
- Add sides
Area
- Inside shape
- Square units
- Base times height
Fence vs floor
Basic Algebra
- Variable
- Unknown value
- Equation
- Balanced statement
- Expression
- No equals sign
- Sequence
- Ordered pattern
- Exponent
- Repeated multiplication
- Inequality
- Compare values
- Estimate
- Reasonable approximation
Expression vs Equation
Expression
- No equals
- Simplify
- Can evaluate
Equation
- Has equals
- Solve unknown
- Balance sides
Evaluate vs solve
Geometry Measurement
- Perimeter
- Distance around
- Area
- Surface inside
- Volume
- Space inside
- Right angle
- 90 degrees
- Polygon
- Closed many-sided shape
- Coordinate
- Ordered location
- Unit convert
- Same system change
Data Analysis
- Mean
- Average
- Median
- Middle value
- Mode
- Most frequent
- Range
- High minus low
- Trend
- Pattern over time
- Bar graph
- Category comparison
- Line graph
- Change over time
Revise Edit
ARMS revises; CUPS edits
AddRemoveMoveSubstituteCapitalizeUsagePunctuateSpell
Revise vs Edit
Revise
- Improve ideas
- Move content
- Add support
Edit
- Fix grammar
- Fix punctuation
- Fix spelling
Ideas vs mechanics
Writing Support
- No ideas→Brainstorm(List freely)
- Messy order→Outline(Group ideas)
- Weak paragraph→Topic sentence(Add support)
- Long sentence→Sentence split(Avoid run-ons)
- Many errors→Editing checklist(One rule pass)
- Wrong audience→Purpose check(Match tone)
Grammar Usage
- Subject
- Who or what
- Predicate
- What happens
- Noun
- Person/place/thing
- Verb
- Action or being
- Pronoun
- Replaces noun
- Adjective
- Describes noun
- Adverb
- Describes verb
- Preposition
- Shows relationship
Subject vs Predicate
Subject
- Who/what
- Noun core
- Does action
Predicate
- Verb core
- Tells action
- Tells state
Actor vs action
Mechanics
- Comma
- Separates parts
- Apostrophe
- Possession/contraction
- Capital
- Proper names/start
- Fragment
- Incomplete sentence
- Run-on
- Joined sentences
- Agreement
- Parts match
- Spelling
- Standard word form
Its vs It's
Its
- Possessive
- No apostrophe
- Its color
It's
- It is
- It has
- Contraction only
Owner vs contraction
Writing Process
- Prewrite
- Generate ideas
- Outline
- Organize ideas
- Draft
- Create first version
- Revise
- Improve content
- Edit
- Fix mechanics
- Thesis
- Main claim
- Audience
- Intended readers
Common Traps
Topic vs main idea
Topic names subject ≠ Main idea states point
Inference vs guess
Inference uses evidence ≠ Guess lacks support
Percent vs decimal
Percent is per hundred ≠ Decimal moves two places
Area vs volume
Area uses square units ≠ Volume uses cubic units
Fragment vs sentence
Fragment incomplete ≠ Sentence has subject/predicate
Apostrophe vs plural
Apostrophe shows possession ≠ Plural usually adds s
Application trap
Do not give answers ≠ Guide student thinking
Last Minute
- 1.Weights: 33 / 33 / 33
- 2.90 questions; 150 minutes
- 3.No calculator permitted
- 4.Application means assist student
- 5.Main idea covers whole text
- 6.Inference needs text evidence
- 7.PEMDAS before left-to-right
- 8.Percent means per hundred
- 9.Perimeter around; area inside
- 10.Revise ideas; edit mechanics
- 11.Its owns; it's contracts
- 12.Answer every selected response
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