Free Praxis PLT 7-12 Exam Prep

Adolescent development (Piaget formal operations, Vygotsky ZPD, Erikson identity), human learning theories, motivation (self-determination, attribution, expectancy-value, growth mindset, goal orientation), and individual differences including special education, IEP/504, and English learners.

Planning and objectives, instructional strategies and models, questioning and discussion, differentiation and UDL, secondary content-area literacy, cooperative learning, classroom management, and supportive learning environments.

Formative versus summative assessment, diagnostic and performance assessment, rubrics, validity and reliability, score interpretation, feedback, and using data to inform secondary instruction.

Reflective practice, mentoring and professional learning communities, legal and ethical responsibilities (FERPA, mandated reporting, IDEA), family engagement, and school and community partnerships for college and career readiness.

Scenario-based items that apply categories I through IV to realistic secondary classroom situations, requiring diagnosis of needs and selection of the strongest instructional or professional response.