Reading
38%of exam
Language Use + Vocabulary
25%of exam
Writing, Speaking, Listening
37%of exam
Quick Facts
- Exam
- Praxis 5038
- Credential
- Secondary English
- Questions
- 130 selected-response
- Time
- 2h 30m
- Format
- Computer delivered
- Areas
- 3 weighted categories
- Score
- 167 common cut
- Fee
- $130
Rhetorical Appeals
Ethos Pathos Logos Kairos
Ethos: credibilityPathos: emotionLogos: logicKairos: timing
Metaphor vs Simile
Metaphor
- States identity
- No marker word
Simile
- Signals comparison
- Uses like or as
Marker word means simile
Figure of Speech Picker
- Direct equation→Metaphor(No marker)
- Uses like or as→Simile
- Part names whole→Synecdoche
- Associated term stands in→Metonymy
- Human traits given→Personification
- Addresses absent thing→Apostrophe
- Indirect outside reference→Allusion
- Deliberate exaggeration→Hyperbole
Figurative Devices
- Metaphor
- Direct equation
- Simile
- Comparison with like, as
- Personification
- Human traits given
- Metonymy
- Associated term substitutes
- Synecdoche
- Part names whole
- Hyperbole
- Deliberate exaggeration
- Apostrophe
- Addresses absent thing
- Allusion
- Indirect outside reference
- Symbolism
- Object represents idea
Plot Arc
Exposition Rising Climax Falling Resolution
Exposition: setupRising: conflictClimax: turnFalling: falloutResolution: end
Metonymy vs Synecdoche
Metonymy
- Associated concept
- Crown for monarchy
Synecdoche
- Part for whole
- Hands for workers
Physical part means synecdoche
Poetic Forms + Meter
- Iamb
- Unstressed-stressed pair
- Iambic pentameter
- Five iambs per line
- Sonnet
- Fourteen-line poem
- Shakespearean
- Three quatrains, couplet
- Petrarchan
- Octave plus sestet
- Volta
- Sonnet's thematic turn
- Haiku
- Five-seven-five syllables
- Blank verse
- Metered, unrhymed
- Free verse
- No meter, rhyme
Sonnet Types
Shakespeare quatrains, Petrarch octave
Shakespearean: 3 quatrains + coupletPetrarchan: octave + sestetVolta: the turn
Verbal vs Dramatic Irony
Verbal
- Says opposite
- Often sarcastic
Dramatic
- Audience knows more
- Character does not
Who knows the truth
Genres + Forms
- Bildungsroman
- Coming-of-age novel
- Epistolary
- Told through letters
- Memoir
- Themed life reflection
- Autobiography
- Full chronological life
- Historical fiction
- Accurate past setting
- Satire
- Ridicules to reform
- Allegory
- Extended symbolic narrative
- Epic
- Long heroic poem
Literary Movements
- Romanticism
- Emotion, nature, imagination
- Realism
- Ordinary life portrayed
- Transcendentalism
- Nature, self-reliance
- Naturalism
- Determinism, harsh forces
- Modernism
- Fragmentation, stream-of-consciousness
- Harlem Renaissance
- 1920s Black arts
- Postmodernism
- Irony, metafiction
- Enlightenment
- Reason and order
Narrative + POV
- Dynamic character
- Changes internally
- Static character
- Stays unchanged
- Foil
- Contrast highlights traits
- First person
- Narrator uses I
- Third limited
- One mind only
- Third omniscient
- Knows all minds
- Unreliable narrator
- Distorted account
- Foreshadowing
- Hints future events
- Flashback
- Interrupts with past
Rhetoric + Fallacies
- Ethos
- Credibility appeal
- Pathos
- Emotional appeal
- Logos
- Logic, evidence appeal
- Kairos
- Timely, fitting moment
- Warrant
- Links data, claim
- Rebuttal
- Refutes the counterargument
- Ad hominem
- Attacks the person
- Straw man
- Distorts opponent's argument
- False dichotomy
- Only two options
Gerund vs Participle
Gerund
- -ing form
- Acts as noun
Participle
- -ing form
- Acts as adjective
Sentence slot decides
Sentence Error Fix
- Comma joins clauses→Add conjunction, semicolon(Comma splice)
- Fused independent clauses→Split or punctuate(Run-on)
- Phrase lacks subject→Name the actor(Dangling)
- Modifier far from noun→Move it closer(Misplaced)
- Series forms mismatch→Match the forms(Parallelism)
- Subject-verb mismatch→Match number(Agreement)
Grammar + Syntax
- Independent clause
- Stands alone
- Dependent clause
- Needs main clause
- Simple sentence
- One independent clause
- Compound sentence
- Two independent clauses
- Complex sentence
- Independent plus dependent
- Gerund
- -ing acting noun
- Participle
- -ing acting adjective
- Appositive
- Renames adjacent noun
- Subjunctive
- Hypothetical or wish mood
Denotation vs Connotation
Denotation
- Literal meaning
- Dictionary definition
Connotation
- Felt association
- Emotional coloring
Literal versus felt
Mechanics + Errors
- Comma splice
- Comma joins two sentences
- Run-on
- Fused independent clauses
- Fragment
- Incomplete sentence
- Dangling modifier
- No subject to modify
- Misplaced modifier
- Modifies wrong word
- Faulty parallelism
- Mismatched series forms
- Semicolon
- Joins related clauses
- Colon
- Introduces list, explanation
Vocabulary + Morphology
- Phoneme
- Smallest sound unit
- Morpheme
- Smallest meaning unit
- Prefix
- Attaches before root
- Suffix
- Attaches after root
- Root
- Core word meaning
- Etymology
- Study of origins
- Denotation
- Literal definition
- Connotation
- Emotional association
Language Variation
- Dialect
- Group language variety
- Register
- Formality level
- Diction
- Word choice
- Syntax
- Word arrangement
- Semantics
- Meaning study
- Jargon
- Specialized field terms
- Colloquialism
- Informal expression
- Idiom
- Non-literal fixed phrase
Writing Process
Plan Draft Revise Edit Publish
PrewriteDraftRevise ideasEdit mechanicsPublish
Revise vs Edit
Revise
- Reworks ideas
- Changes organization
Edit
- Fixes grammar
- Corrects mechanics
Meaning before mechanics
Source + Citation Picker
- Firsthand artifact→Primary source
- Analyzes other sources→Secondary source
- English or humanities paper→MLA
- Psychology or science paper→APA
- Restate in own words→Paraphrase, cite
- Borrowed uncredited→Plagiarism risk
Writing Process + Modes
- Prewriting
- Plan, brainstorm
- Drafting
- Develop text
- Revising
- Reworks ideas, structure
- Editing
- Fixes conventions
- Thesis
- Arguable central claim
- Narrative mode
- Tells a story
- Expository mode
- Explains, informs
- Argumentative mode
- Defends a claim
- Coherence
- Logical idea flow
5038 vs 5039
5038
- Content Knowledge
- All selected-response
- No essays
5039
- Content and Analysis
- Adds constructed response
- Two essays
5039 adds essays
Writing Stage Picker
- Ideas or focus weak→Revise
- Grammar, spelling errors→Edit
- No central claim→Add thesis
- Choppy or jumpy flow→Add transitions
Research + Citation
- Primary source
- Firsthand evidence
- Secondary source
- Interprets sources
- MLA
- Author, page citation
- APA
- Author, date citation
- Paraphrase
- Restated own words
- Plagiarism
- Uncredited borrowing
- Works Cited
- MLA source list
- Credible source
- Authoritative and current
Speaking + Media Literacy
- Active listening
- Attentive, responsive
- Collaborative discussion
- Shared inquiry
- Purpose
- Reason to communicate
- Audience
- Who receives message
- Tone
- Writer's attitude
- Bias
- Slanted viewpoint
- Multimodal
- Multiple media forms
- Rhetorical situation
- Purpose, audience, context
Common Traps
Metaphor vs simile
Simile uses like, as ≠ Metaphor states identity
Blank vs free verse
Blank verse has meter ≠ Free verse has none
Revise vs edit
Revise reshapes ideas ≠ Edit fixes mechanics
Theme vs topic
Topic is the subject ≠ Theme is the message
Foil vs antagonist
Foil contrasts traits ≠ Antagonist opposes goals
Dialect judgment
Dialects are rule-governed ≠ Not incorrect English
5038 vs 5039
5038 has no essays ≠ 5039 adds two essays
Last Minute
- 1.130 selected-response questions total
- 2.Reading is 38 percent
- 3.Simile uses like or as
- 4.Metaphor states direct identity
- 5.Blank verse keeps meter
- 6.Revise ideas; edit mechanics
- 7.Primary sources are firsthand
- 8.MLA cites author and page
- 9.Ethos, pathos, logos are appeals
- 10.Dialects are rule-governed systems
- 11.Theme is message; topic is subject
- 12.Sonnets have fourteen lines
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