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Free Practice Questions for Sudan Bar Equivalency Exam (امتحان المعادلة)

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Key Facts: Sudan Bar Equivalency Exam (امتحان المعادلة) Exam

7 Papers

Compulsory written legal subjects prescribed by Article 7(4) of the 1966 Act

Legal Profession Regulation Council (lpc.gov.sd)

50% Per Paper

Minimum passing score required in each prescribed branch of law

Council exam rules 2025 (lpc.gov.sd/const2025.pdf)

105,000 SDG

Official Foundation sitting fee (70,000 SDG for Supplementary sitting)

Legal Profession Fee Schedule of 2025 (lpc.gov.sd)

2+ Sittings / Year

Statutory minimum frequency under Article 7(2) (e.g., Oct 2025 and Sept 2026 sessions)

Legal Profession Regulation Act 1966 & Ministry of Justice (moj.gov.sd)

27.3% / 65.8%

Approved pass rates in the October 2025 Foundation and Supplementary sittings

Ministry of Justice / Council Results Announcement (4 January 2026)

2 Years Teaching

Minimum university law teaching in Sudan required alongside a postgraduate degree for the Article 11(a) exemption

Legal Profession Regulation Act 1966, Article 11(a)

The Legal Profession Regulation Council (مجلس تنظيم مهنة القانون) at the Sudan Ministry of Justice runs the Equivalency Examination (امتحان تنظيم مهنة القانون — المعادلة): 7 compulsory written papers, each requiring at least 50%, with sitting fees of 105,000 SDG (Foundation) and 70,000 SDG (Supplementary). These 100 English MCQs by OpenExamPrep are independent study practice across all seven subjects and do not replace written-answer practice.

Sample Sudan Bar Equivalency Exam (امتحان المعادلة) Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Sudan Bar Equivalency Exam (امتحان المعادلة) exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Under the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984 (قانون المعاملات المدنية لسنة 1984), what is the essential pillar (ركن العقد) required for the formation of a contract, and how must the two expressions of will relate to one another?
A.The linking of an offer (الإيجاب) with a matching acceptance (القبول) in a manner that establishes its legal effect on the subject matter
B.The execution of a notarized written instrument before the Registrar General of Lands or a licensed commissioner for oaths
C.The physical delivery of the contracted subject matter (القبض) together with full payment of the monetary consideration
D.The prior attestation of two adult male witnesses at the contract session (مجلس العقد) regardless of the nature of the transaction
Explanation: Under Article 33(1) of the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984 (قانون المعاملات المدنية لسنة 1984), a contract is the linking of an offer (الإيجاب) made by one contracting party with the acceptance (القبول) of the other in a manner that establishes its effect on the subject matter (المعقود عليه). Under Article 34, that linkage occurs when the parties exchange two matching expressions of will.
2Two merchants meet in Omdurman to negotiate the sale of 500 sacks of gum arabic. During their face-to-face meeting, the seller makes an oral offer without specifying a fixed deadline for acceptance. Under the doctrine of the contract session (مجلس العقد) in the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984, until when does the buyer's right to accept remain valid?
A.For a mandatory statutory period of seven business days from the conclusion of the face-to-face negotiation
B.Until the contract session (مجلس العقد) ends: if no acceptance is issued during the session, the offeror is released from the offer
C.Only if the buyer pronounces acceptance instantaneously within the exact same minute that the seller finishes speaking
D.Until the seller serves a formal written notice of revocation through the competent District Court
Explanation: Under Article 39(1) of the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984, where an offer is made in the contract session (مجلس العقد) without a period fixed for acceptance, the offeror is released from the offer if acceptance is not issued during that session, unless he modifies the offer. By contrast, an offeror who fixes a period for acceptance stays bound until it expires (Article 38), and an offer made by telephone or similar means lapses if it is not accepted immediately (Article 39(2)).
3Under the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984, what is the age of discernment (سن التمييز) and what is the legal status of a financial disposition entered into by a child who has not yet reached that age (الصبي غير المميز)?
A.Ten years completed; all financial dispositions below that age are suspended (موقوفة) pending guardian ratification
B.Seven years completed; all financial dispositions below that age are wholly void (باطلة) even if beneficial
C.Fifteen years completed; purely beneficial dispositions below that age are valid while harmful ones are voidable
D.Eighteen years completed; all dispositions below that age are valid unless rescinded by the Family Court within one year
Explanation: Under Article 22(4) of the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984, anyone who has not reached seven years of age is deemed to lack discernment (فاقد التمييز). Under Article 54, a non-discerning child has no right to dispose of his property, and all of his dispositions are void (باطلة), even if they would benefit him.
4Under the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984, which of the following transactions entered into by a 15-year-old discerning minor (صبي مميز) is valid immediately without requiring the permission or subsequent ratification of the minor's guardian (الولي)?
A.Selling a residential plot of land inherited from the minor's grandfather at the prevailing market price
B.Donating a sum of cash from the minor's savings to a neighborhood charity foundation
C.Executing a personal suretyship contract (عقد كفالة) guaranteeing a merchant friend's bank loan
D.Accepting an unconditional gift (هبة خالصة) that imposes no counter-obligation or burden on the minor
Explanation: Under Article 55 of the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984, a discerning minor's financial dispositions are valid when purely beneficial to him (نافعة نفعاً محضاً), such as accepting an unconditional gift, and void when purely harmful (ضارة ضرراً محضاً), such as making a donation or standing surety. Dispositions that oscillate between benefit and harm, such as sales and leases, are voidable in the minor's interest (Article 55(2)) and are suspended pending ratification (موقوف النفاذ على الإجازة, Article 87); the guardian, the court, or the minor after reaching majority may ratify them (Article 88(1)).
5A merchant in Kassala publicly announces a reward of 2,000,000 SDG for whoever finds his lost camel. A herder who never saw the announcement finds the camel and returns it. Under Article 137 of the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984 on a promise made to the public (الوعد الموجه للجمهور), what is the legal position?
A.The merchant must pay the reward, because the promisor is bound even toward a person who did the act without knowing of the promise
B.The herder has no claim, because a reward is payable only to someone who acted in reliance on the public announcement
C.The promise binds the merchant only if the herder accepted it in writing before he started searching for the camel
D.The herder may claim only the market value of his labour, because a public promise of reward creates no obligation
Explanation: Article 137(1) of the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984 provides that whoever directs to the public a promise of a reward for a specified act is bound to give the reward to whoever performs that act, even if he performed it without regard to, or without knowledge of, the promise. The obligation arises from the promisor's unilateral will (الإرادة المنفردة), so no acceptance is needed. Under Article 137(2), if no period was fixed the promisor may withdraw by a public announcement, but this does not affect anyone who completed the act before the withdrawal, and a claim is not heard unless brought within six months of the announced withdrawal.
6A landowner in Khartoum North is induced by the buyer to sell a commercial warehouse for 40,000,000 SDG when its true market value at the time of contracting is 65,000,000 SDG. Under the provisions of the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984 on deceit and gross disproportion (التغرير والغبن الفاحش), when does the seller have the right to rescind (فسخ) the sale?
A.Whenever any price difference exceeding 5% exists between private merchants, even if the buyer made no false representations or active concealment of market value
B.Only when the buyer used unlawful physical coercion (إكراه ملجئ) that threatened the seller or his close relatives with imminent bodily harm at the contract session
C.Whenever the price falls outside the range of experts' valuations, even without deceit, because gross disproportion alone allows rescission in every sale
D.When gross disproportion (غبن فاحش) is accompanied by deceit (تغرير); disproportion alone suffices only for State, Waqf or interdicted persons' property
Explanation: Under Article 73 of the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984, if one contracting party deceives the other (غرر به) and the contract was concluded at a gross disproportion (غبن فاحش), the deceived party may rescind (فسخ) it. Article 74(1) defines gross disproportion as a difference outside the range of experts' valuations (ما لا يدخل تحت تقويم المقومين), and Article 76 allows rescission for gross disproportion without deceit only for the property of a person under interdiction (المحجور عليه), Waqf property and State property. Under Article 77, the right lapses on the holder's death or when the asset is disposed of, perishes or is altered.
7Under the prohibition of Gharar (الغرر) in the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984, which of the following sales is prohibited as an invalid aleatory disposition involving excessive uncertainty in the subject matter?
A.Contracting for a future thing (شيء مستقبل), such as a warehouse to be built to detailed plans, specified so as to remove ignorance and Gharar
B.Selling agricultural produce by way of a Salam contract (عقد السلم) where the price is paid in full at the session and the weight, grade, and delivery date are fixed
C.Selling the unharvested fish swimming freely in an open river channel or the unborn fetus in the womb of a cow (بيع الحمل في البطن أو السمك في الماء)
D.Selling a heap of harvested sorghum stored in front of the buyer inside a warehouse on a lump-sum basis (بيع الجزاف) after visual inspection
Explanation: Article 79(1) of the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984 requires the subject matter of a contractual obligation to be possible, specified so as to exclude gross ignorance (الجهالة الفاحشة) or capable of such specification, and lawful, failing which the contract is void. Article 79(2) allows a future thing as the subject matter only if it is specified so as to remove ignorance and Gharar. Fish swimming free in open water, or an unborn fetus sold on its own, can be neither delivered nor specified with certainty, so selling them is the classic case of prohibited Gharar.
8A buyer in Wad Madani purchases a used truck and stipulates in the contract a three-day option of condition (خيار الشرط) for himself only. On the second day he notifies the seller in writing that he is rescinding. Under Articles 103–106 of the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984, what is the effect?
A.The sale is rescinded and treated as if it never existed, because the option holder chose rescission within the period and informed the seller
B.The rescission is ineffective unless the seller consents or a court confirms it, because a concluded sale is binding on both parties
C.The buyer must pay the seller half the price as compensation, because rescission under an option of condition is a partial breach of contract
D.The rescission takes effect only after the three-day period expires, and the sale becomes binding if the seller objects before then
Explanation: Under Article 103 of the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984, in binding contracts that admit rescission either party may stipulate an option for an agreed period, and the option holder may rescind or ratify; if he chooses rescission, the contract is rescinded and treated as if it never existed (Article 103(5)). Article 106(1) requires the rescission to be chosen within the option period and, when made by words, to come to the other party's knowledge, but it needs neither the other party's consent nor a court order. If the period passes without a choice, the contract becomes binding (Article 105(2)).
9A contract for the sale of land is void (باطل) under the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984 because its subject matter is unlawful. Eight years later the buyer tries to rely on it, and the seller's heirs plead nullity. Under Articles 91–93 of the Act, which statement is correct?
A.The heirs are too late, because nullity must be raised within three years of the contract and only by one of the original parties
B.Any interested person may invoke the nullity and the court may raise it of its own motion; ratification cannot cure it, and the plea is heard within ten years
C.The contract becomes valid if the seller's heirs ratified it in writing after the seller's death, because ratification relates back to the contract date
D.Only the Public Prosecution may seek a declaration of nullity, and each party keeps whatever it received under the contract
Explanation: Under Article 91(1) of the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984, a contract is void when one of its elements is defective in itself or in its description, including where the subject matter or cause lacks its essential conditions. Article 92 provides that a void contract is not concluded, produces no effect and cannot be ratified; any interested person may invoke the nullity and the court may declare it of its own motion, but a nullity claim is not heard after ten years from the contract. Under Article 93, the parties are restored to their prior position, or the court awards fair compensation if that is impossible. Eight years have passed, so the heirs' plea is in time.
10A principal appoints an agent under a general power of attorney (وكالة عامة) that authorizes the agent to 'administer and manage all of the principal's properties in Wad Madani.' Under the agency rules (عقد الوكالة) of the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984, which of the following acts may the agent perform WITHOUT needing a special mandate (وكالة خاصة)?
A.Donating a parcel of the principal's agricultural land to a local cooperative society without consideration
B.Leasing out the principal's commercial shops for an ordinary rental term and collecting the periodic rent payments
C.Selling the principal's family residence and granting the buyer a five-year interest-free payment deferral
D.Making a judicial admission (إقرار قضائي) abandoning the principal's title to a disputed warehouse in pending litigation
Explanation: Under Article 419 of the Sudanese Civil Transactions Act of 1984, an agency framed in general words that do not make clear what is intended authorizes only acts of administration and preservation (أعمال الإدارة والحفظ), such as ordinary leasing and rent collection. Article 420 requires a special authorization specifying the type of act for anything beyond administration and preservation, and Article 418(2)(b) adds that even a general agency covering every matter does not extend to gratuitous acts (التبرعات) unless they are expressly authorized.

About the Sudan Bar Equivalency Exam (امتحان المعادلة) Exam

The Sudan Legal Profession Regulation Examination (امتحان تنظيم مهنة القانون), commonly known in Sudan as the Equivalency Examination (امتحان المعادلة), is the national statutory gateway for law graduates in the Republic of the Sudan. Under Article 10 of the Legal Profession Regulation Act of 1966, no one may obtain an advocacy license under the Advocacy Act of 1983 (قانون المحاماة لسنة 1983) or be appointed to a permanent pensionable post as a member of the Judiciary (الهيئة القضائية), the Military Judiciary (القضاء العسكري), or as Legal Counsel (مستشار قانوني) in the Ministry of Justice or another public body without passing this examination or holding an Article 11 exemption certificate. The seven written papers test codified Sudanese statutes and comparative Islamic jurisprudence, and the Council's rules, syllabus and notices are published in Arabic. This OpenExamPrep question bank is an independent English-language multiple-choice study adaptation of those seven subjects — not an official Council paper or translation, and not a substitute for practising written answers to essay and problem questions.

Exam sponsor: Legal Profession Regulation Council — Sudan Ministry of Justice (مجلس تنظيم مهنة القانون — وزارة العدل السودانية). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Administered by the Legal Profession Regulation Council (مجلس تنظيم مهنة القانون) at the Ministry of Justice under the Legal Profession Regulation Act of 1966 (قانون تنظيم مهنة القانون لسنة 1966). The Council is chaired ex officio by the Minister of Justice and includes a Supreme Court judge nominated by the Chief Justice, the President of the Bar Association or a Bar Union representative, and four legally qualified members appointed by the Minister for renewable three-year terms (Article 5). Under Article 7(2), examinations are held at least twice a year: recent sessions ran on 18–25 October 2025 at Al-Neelain University and the University of Kassala, and on 19–26 September 2026 at Al-Neelain University in Khartoum. Candidates sit a Foundation sitting (امتحان الأساس) in all 7 papers, and those who still need to pass particular papers sit a Supplementary sitting (امتحان الملاحق).

Time Limit

7 written papers over a session of about one week; the Council does not publish a per-paper duration

Passing Score

50% minimum in each of the 7 prescribed branches of law

Exam / Certification Fees

105,000 SDG (Foundation sitting, 7 papers); 70,000 SDG (Supplementary sitting); 140,000 SDG (paper certificate); 280,000 SDG (wall certificate); 350,000 SDG (exemption application); 560,000 SDG (exemption certificate)

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

1 of 7 compulsory papers (50% pass mark per paper)

Contracts (العقود — قانون المعاملات المدنية لسنة 1984)

Under the Council's syllabus: definition of contract and freedom of will; consent (offer, acceptance and the contract session مجلس العقد), capacity (الأهلية), and defects of will (coercion, mistake, fraud, deceit with gross disproportion); subject matter and cause; void and suspended contracts (البطلان والوقف) and ratification; agency in contracting (الوكالة); effects on the parties and third parties (stipulation for a third party); unforeseen circumstances (الظروف الطارئة); contractual conditions and options (الخيارات); interpretation; termination; breach and its remedies; unilateral will (الإرادة المنفردة); and contract drafting.

1 of 7 compulsory papers (50% pass mark per paper)

Civil Procedure (قانون الإجراءات المدنية لسنة 1983)

International, value-based, subject-matter and local jurisdiction; filing a suit, summary dismissal (Article 38) and summons and service (Articles 39–55); valuation of claims; attendance and absence of parties (Articles 61–62); court sessions and the language of the courts; framing the issues (نقاط النزاع) and hearing evidence; joinder and intervention; judgment; precautionary measures and attachment before judgment (Articles 143–148); appeal, cassation and review (Articles 159–212); execution, attachment and sale, and detention of judgment debtors (Articles 225–230); and administrative appeals.

1 of 7 compulsory papers (50% pass mark per paper)

Criminal Law (القانون الجنائي لسنة 1991)

General theory of criminal responsibility: the elements of offences, scope of application, criminal responsibility and its general defences (minors, insanity and intoxication, legitimate defense, duress, necessity), attempt and joint participation; penalties, Ta'zir sentencing, compensation and Diya (Articles 42–46, as amended in 2020), and care and reform measures for juveniles aged 12 to under 18 (Articles 9 and 47). Special offences: offences against life and the body (intentional, semi-intentional and accidental homicide, Articles 130–132), property offences (Hadd theft, theft, robbery, breach of trust, fraud, dishonored cheques, Articles 170–179), Hirabah, offences against honour, public morals and justice, public servants, forgery, the State and public tranquillity, and crimes against humanity, war crimes and genocide.

1 of 7 compulsory papers (50% pass mark per paper)

Criminal Procedure (قانون الإجراءات الجنائية لسنة 1991)

Guiding principles (Article 4), criminal organs and their powers, and the criminal suit and investigation, including how the suit ends (Article 37); summons, arrest and the 24-hour reporting rule (Article 77), detention for investigation (Article 79), searches (Articles 86–95), seizure, and release on bail (Articles 105–108); preventive measures; trial, the right to counsel (Article 135), charges, evidence and judgment; appeal, cassation, confirmation and revision (Articles 179–188); execution of sentences (Articles 189–200); and pardon and the lapse of convictions and sentences. The February 2025 amendment changed Article 38(1) on prescription and Article 134(1) on trial in absentia.

1 of 7 compulsory papers (50% pass mark per paper)

Law of Evidence (قانون الإثبات لسنة 1994)

Foundational rules and burden of proof (Article 5); relevance, admissibility and rejected evidence (Articles 6–13); judicial notice (Article 14); admission and its retraction (Articles 15–22); witness testimony, privileges, transmitted and reputation testimony (Articles 23–35); expert evidence; official and ordinary documents (Articles 36–47); presumptions, including accomplice and dying-person evidence (Articles 48–50); res judicata; oaths — decisive, suppletory, Istizhar and Li'an (Articles 53–60); inspection (Article 61); digital signatures; and proof of Hudud offences (Articles 62–65).

1 of 7 compulsory papers (50% pass mark per paper)

Muslim Personal Status Law (قانون الأحوال الشخصية للمسلمين لسنة 1991)

The Hanafi residual rule (Article 5); betrothal, the marriage contract and its validity conditions (two witnesses, no dropping of dower, and the guardian, Articles 25–34), prohibited marriages, suitability, dower and trousseau; spousal rights, maintenance, obedience, lineage and custody (Articles 109–126); forms of separation — Talaq, Khul' (Articles 142–150) and judicial divorce for defects, harm and discord, non-maintenance, absence and Li'an (Articles 151–206); waiting periods (Articles 207–210); gifts and wills (bequests within one-third, Article 287); Waqf; and inheritance — shares, residuaries, exclusion, 'Awl and return (Articles 344–390).

1 of 7 compulsory papers (50% pass mark per paper)

Comparative Islamic Jurisprudence / Usul al-Fiqh (أصول الفقه المقارن)

Introduction to the science of Usul; the sources of Sharia — Qur'an, Sunnah, consensus and analogy, and the disputed sources (opinion of a Companion, juristic preference, unspecified public interest, custom, previous revealed laws and presumption of continuity); linguistic rules of interpretation (general and specific, absolute and qualified, clarity and ambiguity, explicit and implied meaning); the Sharia ruling (defining and declaratory rulings); abrogation; conflict and preponderance; and Ijtihad.

Preparing for the Sudan Bar Equivalency Exam (امتحان المعادلة) Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: 50% minimum in each of the 7 prescribed branches of law
  • Assessment: Administered by the Legal Profession Regulation Council (مجلس تنظيم مهنة القانون) at the Ministry of Justice under the Legal Profession Regulation Act of 1966 (قانون تنظيم مهنة القانون لسنة 1966). The Council is chaired ex officio by the Minister of Justice and includes a Supreme Court judge nominated by the Chief Justice, the President of the Bar Association or a Bar Union representative, and four legally qualified members appointed by the Minister for renewable three-year terms (Article 5). Under Article 7(2), examinations are held at least twice a year: recent sessions ran on 18–25 October 2025 at Al-Neelain University and the University of Kassala, and on 19–26 September 2026 at Al-Neelain University in Khartoum. Candidates sit a Foundation sitting (امتحان الأساس) in all 7 papers, and those who still need to pass particular papers sit a Supplementary sitting (امتحان الملاحق).
  • Time limit: 7 written papers over a session of about one week; the Council does not publish a per-paper duration
  • Exam / certification fees: 105,000 SDG (Foundation sitting, 7 papers); 70,000 SDG (Supplementary sitting); 140,000 SDG (paper certificate); 280,000 SDG (wall certificate); 350,000 SDG (exemption application); 560,000 SDG (exemption certificate) Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

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Sudan Bar Equivalency Exam (امتحان المعادلة): Suggested Study Strategy

1Distinguish void (باطل) from suspended (موقوف) contracts under the Civil Transactions Act 1984: acts of a child under 7 are void (Art. 54), and a void contract cannot be ratified (Art. 92); a discerning minor's mixed acts and contracts affected by coercion, mistake, fraud or exploitation are suspended pending ratification (Arts. 55(2), 87–90), while deceit with gross disproportion gives a right to rescind (Art. 73).
2Memorize the detention ladder in Article 79 of the Criminal Procedure Act 1991: police custody up to 24 hours, prosecutor renewal up to 3 days, a judge's weekly renewals up to 2 weeks before charge, and, after a charge, a superior judge's renewals every 2 weeks up to 6 months before the head of the competent judicial organ must approve more.
3Compare retraction of an admission under the Evidence Act 1994: in transactions it is accepted only for a mistake of fact the declarant proves (Art. 22(1)), whereas in Hudud it is a doubt that averts the Hadd (Arts. 22(2), 65(2)), and a Zina confession counts only if not withdrawn before execution begins (Art. 62(a)).
4Practise Islamic inheritance arithmetic under the Muslim Personal Status Law 1991, including proportional reduction (العول, Art. 390) when fixed shares exceed the base (6 rising to 7, 8, 9 or 10; 12 to 13, 15 or 17; 24 to 27 in the Minbariyyah case) and return (الرد, Art. 389) to fixed-share heirs other than the spouses when no residuary exists.
5Use the current texts: the 2020 amendments to the Criminal Act 1991 moved juvenile care and reform measures to age 12 (Arts. 9, 47) and replaced the 100-camel Diya figure with 'Diya is fixed by law' (Art. 42(1)), and the Civil Procedure Act 1983 sets 15 days for both appeal (Art. 174) and cassation (Art. 191).

Frequently Asked Questions

Who administers the Sudan Bar Equivalency Examination (امتحان تنظيم مهنة القانون — المعادلة), and what legal career paths require it?

The examination is administered by the Legal Profession Regulation Council (مجلس تنظيم مهنة القانون, lpc.gov.sd) at the Sudan Ministry of Justice under the Legal Profession Regulation Act of 1966 (قانون تنظيم مهنة القانون لسنة 1966). Under Article 10 of the Act, passing this examination (or holding an Article 11 exemption certificate) is required before obtaining an advocacy license under the Advocacy Act of 1983 (قانون المحاماة لسنة 1983) or being appointed to a permanent pensionable post as a member of the Judiciary (الهيئة القضائية), the Military Judiciary (القضاء العسكري), or as Legal Counsel (مستشار قانوني) in the Ministry of Justice or another public ministry, department or corporation.

What are the 7 compulsory subjects tested on the examination, and what is the passing score?

Under Article 7(4) of the 1966 Act, candidates sit 7 compulsory written papers: (1) Contracts (العقود — Civil Transactions Act 1984), (2) Civil Procedure (Civil Procedure Act 1983), (3) Criminal Law (Criminal Act 1991), (4) Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure Act 1991), (5) Law of Evidence (Evidence Act 1994), (6) Muslim Personal Status Law (1991), and (7) Comparative Islamic Jurisprudence (أصول الفقه المقارن). The pass mark is 50% in each branch of law (50% لكل فرع من فروع القانون المقررة), and the Council's syllabus asks candidates to study each statute as currently amended.

What are the official 2025–2026 examination, certificate, and exemption fees?

According to the Legal Profession Fee Schedule of 2025 (لائحة رسوم مهنة القانون لسنة 2025) published on lpc.gov.sd, the fee for sitting the Foundation examination (امتحان الأساس, all 7 papers) is 105,000 SDG, and the fee for sitting a Supplementary examination (امتحان الملاحق) is 70,000 SDG. A paper certificate (شهادة ورقية) costs 140,000 SDG, a wall certificate (شهادة جدارية) costs 280,000 SDG, an official statement (إفادة) costs 70,000 SDG, an exemption application (طلب الإعفاء) costs 350,000 SDG, and an exemption certificate (شهادة الإعفاء) costs 560,000 SDG.

Who qualifies for an exemption certificate (شهادة إعفاء) from the examination?

Under Article 11 of the Legal Profession Regulation Act of 1966, the Council may grant an exemption certificate to a graduate in law from a recognized university who: (a) obtained a postgraduate degree from a recognized university and then taught law for at least two years at a university in Sudan; (b) passed a professional examination in law that the Council considers equivalent to the Legal Profession Regulation Examination; or (c) in the Council's view has long practical legal experience qualifying him for the legal profession. The 2025 fee schedule charges 350,000 SDG for an exemption application and 560,000 SDG for the exemption certificate.

What is the format of the official papers, and how should I use this practice bank?

The Legal Profession Regulation Examination is a closed-book written examination: candidates answer in answer booklets in blue ink, phones and notes are banned, and the Council's rules, syllabus and notices are published in Arabic. This OpenExamPrep question bank is an independent English-language multiple-choice study adaptation covering the statutory rules, deadlines and jurisprudential doctrines of the seven papers. It is not an official Council paper or translation and does not replace practising written answers to essay and problem questions.