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An attorney discovers that the client intends to commit perjury at an upcoming trial. Under the Model Rules, the attorney must:

Do nothing because the attorney-client privilege applies

Withdraw from the case immediately without explanation

Take reasonable remedial measures, including, if necessary, disclosure to the tribunal

Allow the client to testify in narrative form

to track

2026 Statistics

Key Facts: MPRE Exam

85%+

Estimated Pass Rate

Based on avg. score data

Most Common Min. Score

Out of 150

20-40 hrs

Study Time

Recommended

49 states

States Requiring MPRE

NCBE

$185

Exam Fee

NCBE 2026

The MPRE (Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination) is a 60-question, 2-hour ethics exam required for bar admission in 49 states (Wisconsin exempt). Passing scores range from 75 to 86 on a 50-150 scale, with 85 being the most common minimum. The average score was 96.7 in November 2025. The exam covers the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, the Model Code of Judicial Conduct, and related court decisions. It is offered three times per year at Pearson VUE centers.

Sample MPRE Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your MPRE exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1An attorney represents a client in a personal injury case on a contingent fee basis. Under the Model Rules, which of the following is required for the fee agreement to be valid?

A.The agreement must be approved by the court

B.The agreement must be in writing, signed by the client, and state the method of fee calculation

C.The agreement must specify a maximum fee of 33%

D.The client must be given a three-day cooling-off period

Explanation: Under Model Rule 1.5(c), a contingent fee agreement must be in a writing signed by the client. It must state the method by which the fee is to be determined, including the percentage that accrues to the lawyer and any expenses deducted. There is no mandatory cap at 33%, though that is customary in many cases.

2An attorney learns that a prospective client was previously represented by the attorney's law partner on a substantially related matter. Under the Model Rules, the attorney:

A.May represent the new client without restriction

B.Is imputed with the disqualification unless the formerly represented client gives informed consent confirmed in writing

C.May represent the new client if the matters are in different courts

D.Must decline the representation regardless of consent

Explanation: Under Model Rule 1.10(a), when a lawyer is disqualified from representing a client due to a conflict under Rule 1.9, the disqualification is imputed to all lawyers in the firm unless the affected former client gives informed consent confirmed in writing. Imputation prevents circumvention of conflict rules through assignment to different lawyers in the same firm.

3An attorney discovers that the client intends to commit perjury at an upcoming trial. Under the Model Rules, the attorney must:

A.Withdraw from the case immediately without explanation

B.Allow the client to testify in narrative form

C.Take reasonable remedial measures, including, if necessary, disclosure to the tribunal

D.Do nothing because the attorney-client privilege applies

Explanation: Under Model Rule 3.3(a)(3), if a lawyer knows the client intends to or has offered material evidence that is false, the lawyer must take reasonable remedial measures including remonstrating with the client, seeking to withdraw, and if necessary, disclosing to the tribunal. The duty of candor to the tribunal overrides the duty of confidentiality.

4A lawyer receives funds belonging to a client as part of a settlement. Under the Model Rules, the lawyer must:

A.Deposit the funds in the lawyer's personal account and transfer them within 30 days

B.Hold the funds in a separate trust account and promptly notify and deliver the funds to the client

C.Invest the funds for the client's benefit

D.Deduct the legal fees first and then transfer the remainder

Explanation: Under Model Rule 1.15, a lawyer must hold client funds separate from the lawyer's own property in a client trust account. The lawyer must promptly notify the client upon receipt, promptly deliver the funds, and render a full accounting. Commingling client funds with personal funds is a serious ethical violation that can result in disbarment.

5Under the Model Rules, an attorney may reveal confidential information without client consent in which of the following situations?

A.To prevent embarrassment to the client

B.To prevent reasonably certain death or substantial bodily harm

C.To help a friend who is also an attorney

D.To comply with a request from the media

Explanation: Under Model Rule 1.6(b)(1), a lawyer may reveal confidential information to the extent the lawyer reasonably believes necessary to prevent reasonably certain death or substantial bodily harm. This is a permissive (not mandatory) exception to the duty of confidentiality. Other exceptions include preventing financial harm from client fraud, securing legal advice, and complying with court orders.

6A lawyer wants to enter into a business transaction with a client. Under Model Rule 1.8(a), which of the following is NOT required?

A.The terms must be fair and reasonable to the client

B.The terms must be fully disclosed in writing in a manner the client can understand

C.The client must be advised in writing to seek independent legal counsel

D.The transaction must be approved by the state bar association

Explanation: Model Rule 1.8(a) requires three conditions for business transactions with clients: (1) the transaction must be fair and reasonable with terms fully disclosed in writing, (2) the client must be advised in writing of the desirability of seeking independent legal counsel, and (3) the client must give informed consent in writing. Bar association approval is not required.

7A criminal defense attorney knows that the prosecution's key witness is lying on the stand. The attorney should:

A.Inform the court immediately

B.Cross-examine the witness vigorously to expose the falsehood

C.Remain silent because the duty is to the client

D.Move for a mistrial

Explanation: A defense attorney's obligation when the prosecution's witness is lying is to cross-examine vigorously to challenge the testimony. The duty of candor under Rule 3.3 applies to false evidence offered by the lawyer's own client or witnesses, not the opposing party's witnesses. The adversarial system relies on cross-examination to test testimony. The attorney has no duty to correct the other side's witness.

8An attorney is representing both the buyer and seller in a real estate transaction. Under the Model Rules, this arrangement is:

A.Prohibited in all circumstances

B.Permitted if the attorney reasonably believes competent representation is possible and both clients give informed consent confirmed in writing

C.Permitted only if the transaction is under $100,000

D.Permitted if the attorney discloses the dual representation to the court

Explanation: Under Model Rule 1.7(b), concurrent conflicts of interest may be waived if: (1) the lawyer reasonably believes competent and diligent representation of each client is possible, (2) the representation is not prohibited by law, (3) it does not involve asserting a claim by one client against another in the same proceeding, and (4) each client gives informed consent confirmed in writing.

9A lawyer's advertisement states: 'We have never lost a personal injury case.' The statement is true. Under the Model Rules, is this advertisement permissible?

A.Yes, because truthful statements are always permissible

B.No, because it could create unjustified expectations about results

C.Yes, because it does not compare the lawyer to other lawyers

D.No, because lawyers may not advertise

Explanation: Under Model Rule 7.1, a lawyer shall not make false or misleading communications about the lawyer's services. Even a literally true statement can be misleading if it creates unjustified expectations or omits material facts. The claim of never losing could mislead potential clients about the likely outcome of their case. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes.

10An attorney who serves as a mediator between two parties may subsequently represent one party against the other in the same matter:

A.If both parties consent

B.Never, because of the confidential information obtained during mediation

C.Only if the mediation was unsuccessful

D.Only if the attorney's firm assigns a different lawyer to the matter

Explanation: Under Model Rule 1.12(a), a lawyer who has served as a mediator in a matter shall not thereafter represent anyone in connection with the same matter. This prohibition exists because the mediator has received confidential information from both sides. Consent cannot cure this conflict. However, other lawyers in the mediator's firm may represent a party if the mediator is timely screened under Rule 1.12(c).

About the MPRE Exam

The MPRE tests knowledge of legal ethics and professional responsibility — a prerequisite for bar admission in 49 states. With an estimated 85%+ pass rate and a focused 2-hour format, the MPRE is manageable with targeted preparation on the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct and the Model Code of Judicial Conduct.

Questions

60 scored questions

Time Limit

2 hours

Passing Score

75-86 (varies by jurisdiction)

Exam Fee

$185 (NCBE)

MPRE Exam Content Outline

12-18%

Conflicts of Interest

Current and former client conflicts, imputed disqualification, business transactions

10-16%

Client-Lawyer Relationship

Scope, fees, communication, competence, withdrawal, scope of authority

6-12%

Client Confidentiality & Privilege

Duty of confidentiality, exceptions, attorney-client privilege

6-12%

Litigation & Advocacy

Candor to tribunal, fairness, frivolous claims, trial publicity

6-12%

Regulation of the Legal Profession

Bar admission, reporting misconduct, unauthorized practice, supervision

4-10%

Communications About Legal Services

Advertising, solicitation, firm names

4-10%

Different Roles of the Lawyer

Advisor, mediator, evaluator, prosecutor, government lawyer

2-8%

Safekeeping Funds & Judicial Conduct

Trust accounts, client property, judicial disqualification, ethics

How to Pass the MPRE Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: 75-86 (varies by jurisdiction)
Exam length: 60 questions
Time limit: 2 hours
Exam fee: $185

Keys to Passing

Complete 500+ practice questions
Score 80%+ consistently before scheduling
Focus on highest-weighted sections
Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

MPRE Study Tips from Top Performers

1Focus on conflicts of interest (12-18% of the exam) — master current client conflicts, former client conflicts, and imputed disqualification rules

2Read the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct at least once, paying special attention to the Comments for nuance

3Memorize the exceptions to confidentiality under Rule 1.6(b) — these are tested repeatedly

4Complete at least 300 practice questions and review the explanations for every wrong answer

5Use our AI tutor to understand the reasoning behind Model Rules — the MPRE tests application, not memorization

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the MPRE passing score?

MPRE passing scores vary by jurisdiction, ranging from 75 to 86 on a scale of 50-150. The most common minimum passing scores are 85 (used by many states including New York and California) and 80. The average MPRE score was 96.7 in November 2025, well above most passing thresholds. With 20-40 hours of focused preparation, most examinees pass on their first attempt.

When should I take the MPRE?

Most law students take the MPRE during their second or third year of law school, ideally during or just after completing a Professional Responsibility course. The MPRE is offered three times per year: March, August, and November. Taking it early gives you time to retake if needed before bar admission. Check your jurisdiction's MPRE validity period (typically 2-5 years).

What does the MPRE test?

The MPRE tests your knowledge of the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, the ABA Model Code of Judicial Conduct, and related federal procedural and evidentiary rules. The most heavily tested areas are conflicts of interest (12-18%), the client-lawyer relationship (10-16%), and confidentiality/privilege (6-12%). Questions present fact patterns requiring ethical analysis.

How hard is the MPRE?

The MPRE is considered moderately difficult. Most examinees find it manageable with 20-40 hours of study over 2-4 weeks. The key challenge is understanding the nuances of the Model Rules, particularly conflicts of interest and confidentiality exceptions. With our practice questions and AI tutor, you can systematically master each topic area.

Do I need the MPRE for every state?

The MPRE is required for bar admission in 49 states and the District of Columbia. Wisconsin is the only state that does not require the MPRE (it uses a diploma privilege for graduates of Wisconsin law schools). Even if your initial jurisdiction does not require the MPRE, you may need it for admission in other states through reciprocity.

Can I retake the MPRE?

Yes, you can retake the MPRE at the next available administration (March, August, or November). There is no limit on the number of attempts. You must re-register and pay the $185 fee each time. Most jurisdictions accept your highest MPRE score, regardless of how many attempts it took.