Net Unrealized Appreciation (NUA)
Net Unrealized Appreciation is the difference between the current value of employer stock and its original cost basis, which receives favorable long-term capital gains tax treatment when distributed in-kind.
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Exam Tip
NUA = employer stock appreciation taxed at capital gains. Cost basis = ordinary income. NO step-up at death!
What is Net Unrealized Appreciation?
NUA tax strategy for employer stock in 401(k).
Tax Treatment
| Component | Tax Treatment |
|---|---|
| Cost Basis | Ordinary income at distribution |
| NUA (Appreciation) | Long-term capital gains when sold |
Requirements
- Lump-sum distribution
- After triggering event (separation, 59 1/2, disability, death)
- In-kind distribution to taxable account
No Step-Up at Death
NUA does NOT receive step-up in basis at death.
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