Free NSW Heavy Vehicle Knowledge Test Exam Flashcards

LR: rigid vehicles over 4.5 t up to 8 t GVM. MR: 2-axle rigids over 8 t. HR: rigids with 3 or more axles over 8 t, plus articulated buses. HC: prime mover and single semi-trailer. MC: B-doubles and road trains. Each class also covers every lighter class except motorcycles.

LR and MR need a class C licence (not a learner licence) held 1 year or more. HR needs class C for 2 years or more. HC needs MR or HR for 1 year, MC needs HR or HC for 1 year, and both require an unrestricted lower licence before training.

36 months. Within that window the pass lets you collect an HVCBA learner log book or book a heavy vehicle driving test. Let it lapse and you sit the knowledge test again before either step.

4.3 m for all vehicles including the load, with double deck buses allowed 4.4 m. Travelling up to 4.6 m is only lawful on routes covered by a 4.6 Metre High Vehicle Notice, or under a permit.

2.5 m for all vehicles, load included. External rear vision mirrors, signalling devices and tyre pressure monitors are excluded when the width is measured.

A rigid vehicle including any overhanging load is 12.5 m. An articulated or heavy trailer combination is 19 m. B-doubles that meet the specified conditions may run to 26 m, and road trains go longer only in approved areas.

On motor vehicles over 12 t GVM and trailers over 10 t GTM. A vehicle or combination 7.5 m or longer may also show DO NOT OVERTAKE TURNING VEHICLE on the plate; a shorter vehicle must not display it and must turn within the marked lanes.

A vehicle with a GVM over 12 t must carry three. Set them out when the vehicle has stopped, broken down, or the load has fallen on the road and cannot be seen from 200-300 m in every direction.

The last 28 days of driving records must be with you in the vehicle. Duplicate pages go to your record keeper within 21 days, and record keepers hold copies for three years. Borrowing another driver's diary is an offence.

A truck over 12 t GVM, a truck and trailer combination whose combined GVM is over 12 t, or a bus over 4.5 t GVM that seats more than 12 adults including the driver. Only these vehicles trigger the work and rest hour rules.

Both are RAVs and may only travel on defined networks under an authorisation or notice; off-network routes need an NHVR permit. Combinations longer than 22 m must display the warning sign at the rear, and a ROAD TRAIN sign must not be shown unless the units are actually coupled as one.

Set the trailer skid plate slightly below the centre of the turntable, about 5 cm. After reversing under, try to move off in first gear with the trailer brakes applied; the prime mover must not move. Repeat the tug test before driving away.

Where manual valves are fitted to the air tanks, drain them daily. Before driving make sure there is enough air pressure for at least five brake applications, and stop immediately if the low air pressure warning device comes on.

A Stop sign requires a complete stop before the line and you stay stopped until it is safe to proceed. A Give way sign requires you to slow down and prepare to stop, stopping only if a vehicle or pedestrian has right of way.

The posted school zone limit applies only on school days, during the times shown on the sign. Flashing lights and dragon's teeth road markings mark the zone, and the limit lifts at the End school zone sign.

You must not drive past it if the combined gross mass in tonnes of your vehicle and anything connected to it is more than the mass shown. It is a mass restriction that you must obey, not a warning to proceed with care.

Long or heavy vehicles other than buses must not pass it unless the vehicle is equal to or below the mass or length shown. Where the sign gives no figures, no truck over 4.5 t GVM may pass unless the destination lies beyond the sign and there is no other route.

Vehicles over 4.5 t GVM must select a gear low enough to control speed on that descent without using the brakes. Riding the service brakes down a long grade causes brake fade or burn-out, so the low gear must do the work.

Trucks over 4.5 t GVM must use a lane marked with this sign. It is a compulsory lane for those vehicles, unlike a bus lane, which only qualifying public passenger vehicles may use.

They state the maximum height that can safely pass, and you must obey them. Know your loaded height before you leave; anything over 4.3 m needs a 4.6 m notice route or a permit, and penalties include fines, demerit points and possible registration suspension for up to three months.

If your road ends at the T you must give way to every vehicle on the continuing road unless a sign says otherwise. If you are turning right from the continuing road, give way to oncoming vehicles going straight ahead or turning left.

You must give way to any pedestrian crossing the road you are turning into, marked crossing or not. In a heavy vehicle allow for the wide swing and check the blind spot low on the left before completing the turn.

Slow down or stop and give way to all vehicles already in the roundabout, not only those on your right. Signal left as you leave, and on multi-lane roundabouts follow the arrows or lane markings.

A vehicle or combination 7.5 m or longer displaying DO NOT OVERTAKE TURNING VEHICLE may turn right from the lane immediately left of the far right lane. Position early so following vehicles cannot pass on the side you will swing across.

A yellow light means you must stop. Going through is only lawful when you cannot stop safely before the stop line. Never accelerate to beat it, and never brake so hard that following traffic cannot stop.

Only where a Left turn on red permitted after stopping sign is displayed. Come to a complete stop first, then give way to all traffic and pedestrians before turning. Without that sign a red light means stop and wait.

On a multi-lane road with a limit over 80 km/h, or where the sign is posted, you must not drive in the right lane except to overtake, turn right, make a U-turn, avoid an obstruction, or when traffic in the left lane is stopped or slow.

Where the number of lanes reduces and the lane markings end, you must give way to the vehicle ahead of you. Where marked lines continue and you change lanes across them, you give way to traffic already in that lane.

The restraint system must be capable of holding at least 80 per cent of the load weight from moving forward, 50 per cent rearward, 50 per cent sideways and 20 per cent upward. Meeting only one direction is not compliance.

No more than 1.2 m in front of the vehicle and no more than 150 mm beyond the side, and the total width including the load must not exceed 2.5 m.

The rear overhang including the load must not exceed 60 per cent of the wheelbase or 3.7 m, whichever is less. Exceeding the allowable length requires a permit from the National Heavy Vehicle Regulator.

The greater the angle of the lashing to the load, the greater the tension it applies. Angles of less than 30 degrees are not recommended, because a shallow lashing pulls along the deck instead of clamping the load down.

Give way to pedestrians crossing, do not overtake a vehicle that is stopping or has stopped to let pedestrians cross, and do not drive onto the crossing when the road beyond is blocked.

They warn that a pedestrian crossing is ahead and are painted to increase its visibility. Slow down and be ready to stop; a loaded heavy vehicle needs far more stopping distance than the cars around it.

1 m where the speed limit is 60 km/h or less, and 1.5 m where it is more than 60 km/h. To give that space you may cross broken or unbroken centre lines and painted islands, provided you have a clear view of approaching traffic and it is safe.

Slow down and stop, then stay at a complete stop until all pedestrians have left the crossing and the supervisor is no longer showing the sign. Moving off while the sign is still displayed is an offence.

Your BAC must be under 0.02. The same limit applies to public passenger vehicles such as buses and coaches, and to any vehicle carrying a dangerous load. Even one standard drink can put you over it.

It is an offence in its own right, not a way to avoid a drink-driving charge. If your driving suggests drug impairment, or you are involved in a fatal crash, police can also take you to hospital for blood and urine samples.

After a night of heavy drinking, BAC can take more than 18 hours to return to zero, which is why many drivers are booked the day after. Black coffee, a cold shower, fresh air, food, a short nap and vomiting change nothing - only time does.

Prescription and over-the-counter medicines can impair driving, so check the packaging or ask your doctor or pharmacist. Mobile drug testing detects THC, methamphetamine, cocaine and ecstasy, and a first offence brings a fine plus licence suspension or disqualification.

Maximum 12 hours work in any 24 hours, with at least 7 continuous hours of stationary rest. Over 7 days the limit is 72 hours work with 24 continuous hours stationary rest; over 14 days it is 144 hours with four night rests including two consecutive.

In good conditions most heavy vehicle drivers need at least a 4-second gap to react and respond. Start counting as the vehicle ahead passes a fixed object. Increase it to 5 seconds or more on wet, gravel or icy roads and at night.

A long vehicle (7.5 m or longer) following another long vehicle must keep at least 60 m, and a road train must keep at least 200 m. The requirement does not apply on multilane roads, in built-up areas, or while overtaking.

You must not cross the centre line to overtake when approaching a crest or curve where you cannot see far enough ahead to complete the manoeuvre safely. A long combination needs a much longer clear stretch of road than a car does.

An unrestricted licence is suspended at 13 points in any three-year period, or 14 points for a professional driver holding a national heavy vehicle licence. Offences such as speeding and not wearing a seatbelt attract double demerit points during declared holiday periods.

More than 45 km/h over the limit brings six months suspension or disqualification, and police can suspend and confiscate the licence at the roadside. More than 30 km/h but not more than 45 km/h over brings three months.

100 km/h, even on roads where lighter vehicles may legally travel faster. Special lower limits signposted for trucks, road trains or buses on sharp bends, steep descents or winding roads override this and must be obeyed.

Specified heavy vehicles must be limited to 100 km/h: trucks over 15 t GVM and public passenger buses over 14.5 t built from 1 January 1988, and trucks over 12 t and public passenger buses over 5 t built from 1 January 1991. Operating a non-compliant vehicle is an offence for the operator.

Seatbelts have been compulsory for heavy vehicle drivers since 1 February 2000. Wear one wherever it is fitted, move to a seat that has one if yours does not, and as driver (other than a bus driver) make sure passengers are restrained. Passengers aged 16 and over can also be fined.

It is illegal to offer, request or accept gifts, money or favours to obtain a licence without passing the required tests. Penalties are severe and include fines and imprisonment, and every person involved is reported and investigated, accredited RTO assessors included.