General Road Rules
35%of exam
Speed LimitsBAC ZeroParkingSeatbeltsRail CrossingsCyclists
HV Rules Signs Dimensions
18%of exam
Inspections Roadworthiness
12%of exam
Control Braking Gears
12%of exam
Stopping DistanceBrake FadeAir BrakesOff-trackingRolloverDouble-clutch
Load Fatigue Coupling
23%of exam
Tie-down FrictionOverhang LimitsWork DiaryStandard HoursBFM HoursGlad-hands
Quick Facts
- Exam
- KT4
- Questions
- 32 MCQ
- Pass
- 26/32 (~81%)
- BAC
- 0.00 >4.5t GVM
- Speed cap
- 100 km/h
- Work diary
- >100 km from base
- Triangles
- 3 at >12t GVM
- Restraint
- 0.2W vertical
Triangle Placement
3 triangles: 200-250m at 80+
200-250m: 80+ zone50-150m: under 803 required: >12t GVM
Rigid vs Articulated
Rigid
- No pivot joint
- Includes load body
- HR MR LR
Articulated
- Pivot joint
- Prime mover + trailer
- HC MC
Joint vs no joint
Warning Triangle Placement
- >12t GVM stopped→3 triangles(mandatory)
- Road 80+ km/h→200-250 m(front and back)
- Road <80 km/h→50-150 m(front and back)
- Divided road→2 behind(no front)
- Not visible 300m→Deploy all(80+ zone)
- Not visible 200m→Deploy all(<80 zone)
Speed and BAC
- Speed cap
- 100 km/h max
- BAC heavy
- 0.00 >4.5t GVM
- Built-up default
- 50 km/h no sign
- Non-pneumatic
- 25 km/h max
- Local zone
- 40 km/h signed
- Zero BAC since
- 1 Apr 2021
Parking Rail Cyclists
- Park limit
- 1 hr built-up
- Park trigger
- >4.5t or 7.5m
- Rail bus stop
- 3-12 m from rail
- Cyclist pass 60-
- 1.0 m clearance
- Cyclist pass 60+
- 1.5 m clearance
- Seatbelts
- All occupants
Dimension Limits
4.3 H / 2.5 W / 12.5 L rigid
Height: 4.3m maxWidth: 2.5m maxLength: 12.5m rigid
Tie-down vs Direct Restraint
Tie-down
- Friction-based
- Needs clamping force
- 0.2W vertical applies
Direct
- Attached blocked
- No friction reliance
- No 0.2W needed
Friction vs attachment
Mass Limits
- GVM
- Max loaded mass
- GCM
- Vehicle plus trailer
- Steer axle
- 6.0t max
- Single drive dual
- 10.0t max
- Rigid+trailer GCM
- 42.5t max
- Tare
- Empty weight
Dimension Limits
- Height
- 4.3m max
- Width
- 2.5m max
- Rigid length
- 12.5m max
- Front projection
- 1.2m max
- Rear overhang
- 3.7m or 60%
- Side projection
- 150mm max
Signs and Access
- Bridge limit
- Total mass cap
- No Trucks
- All trucks banned
- Low clearance
- Actual height
- Oversize route
- Permit required
- Amber flashers
- Slow large vehicle
- Width markers
- >2.2m at night
Pre-trip Checks
- Cabin drill
- Seat mirrors controls
- Park brake test
- Holds on slope
- Tyre defect
- Cut or bulge
- Oil check
- Cool level ground
- Air pressure
- Green zone first
- Timing
- Each trip or shift
Air vs Air-over-hydraulic
Air brakes
- Compressed air
- Fail-safe spring
- Gauge green zone
Air-over-hydraulic
- Air actuates hydraulic
- Lighter vehicles
- Combined system
Air vs air-assist
Braking and Gears
- Brake fade
- Heat from overuse
- Descent
- Low gear before
- Double-clutch
- Non-synchro gearbox
- Air brakes
- Wait for pressure
- Stopping distance
- Mass = longer
- Off-tracking
- Rear cuts in
Standard Hours Windows
5.25 / 7.5 / 10 / 12 hours work
5.25h in 5.5h + 15min7.5h in 8h + 30min10h in 11h + 60min12h in 24h + 7h rest
Standard vs BFM Hours
Standard
- 12h work per 24h
- 7h stationary rest
- No accreditation
BFM
- 14h work per 24h
- NHVAS accreditation
- Always work diary
12h vs 14h max
Work Diary Required
- >100km from base→Work diary(mandatory)
- <=100km local→No diary(keep run sheet)
- BFM accredited→Always diary(any distance)
- AFM accredited→Always diary(any distance)
- Unplanned 100km→From midnight(that day)
Load Restraint
- Tie-down
- Friction clamp
- Vertical force
- 0.2W (20%)
- Forward force
- 0.8g (80%)
- Side/rear force
- 0.5g (50%)
- Dunnage
- Boosts friction
- Rear flag
- >1.2m projection
Restraint Forces
0.8 forward / 0.5 side / 0.2 up
Forward: 0.8g (80%)Side: 0.5g (50%)Up: 0.2g friction only
Red vs Blue Glad-hand
Red
- Supply line
- Emergency air
- Connect last
Blue
- Control line
- Service signal
- Connect first
Supply vs control
Load Restraint Method
- Friction-based→Tie-down(0.2W vertical)
- Attached direct→Direct restraint(no 0.2W)
- Blocked contained→Containment(no 0.2W)
- Low friction deck→More lashings(or dunnage)
- Rear projects >1.2m→Flag + red light(night)
- Rear overhang >3.7m→Permit(overdimensional)
Fatigue Work Diary
- Standard 24h
- 12h work max
- Standard rest
- 7h stationary min
- BFM 24h
- 14h work max
- 5.5h window
- 5.25h + 15min rest
- Work diary
- >100km from base
- Round work
- Up to 15 min
- Carry records
- 28 days
Work vs Rest Time
Work time
- Driving loading unloading
- Rounded up 15 min
- Max limits apply
Rest time
- Stationary off-duty
- Rounded down 15 min
- Min limits apply
Max vs min counting
Coupling Combination
- Red glad-hand
- Supply line
- Blue glad-hand
- Control line
- Roll-away test
- Confirm locked
- Uncouple first
- Apply park brake
- HC threshold
- Trailer >9t GVM
- Two-up
- Two drivers share
Common Traps
BAC for heavy vehicle
0.00 for >4.5t GVM ≠ Not 0.05
Speed cap vs posted sign
100 km/h hard cap ≠ 110 sign doesn't apply
Work vs rest rounding
Work rounds up ≠ Rest rounds down
Tie-down vertical force
0.2W only if friction ≠ Direct needs no 0.2W
Glad-hand reversal
Red = supply ≠ Blue = control service
Rear overhang thresholds
1.2m = flag marker ≠ 3.7m = permit needed
Work diary distance
100km from base ≠ BFM always regardless
Last Minute
- 1.BAC: 0.00 for >4.5t
- 2.Speed cap: 100 km/h
- 3.Triangles: 3 at >12t
- 4.Work diary: >100 km
- 5.Height: 4.3m max
- 6.Width: 2.5m max
- 7.Rigid length: 12.5m
- 8.GCM rigid+trailer: 42.5t
- 9.Steer axle: 6.0t
- 10.Drive axle: 10.0t
- 11.Standard: 12h work 7h rest
- 12.BFM: 14h work
- 13.Restraint vertical: 0.2W
- 14.Red glad-hand: supply line
- 15.Work rounds up 15 min
- 16.Front projection: 1.2m max
- 17.Rear overhang: 3.7m or 60%
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