Aging and Restorative Care
Not publishedof exam
5 QuestionsNormal AgingIndependenceRange of MotionAdaptive Devices
Basic Nursing Skills
Not publishedof exam
11 QuestionsVital SignsPositioningBody MechanicsSkin Integrity
Care Impaired
Not publishedof exam
3 QuestionsDementia CareSensory LimitsRedirectionIndividualized Support
Communication
Not publishedof exam
5 QuestionsVerbal CommunicationNonverbal CuesDocumentationReporting Changes
Data Collection
Not publishedof exam
4 QuestionsMeasurementsIntake OutputWeightObservation
Disease Process
Not publishedof exam
5 QuestionsSigns SymptomsChronic ConditionsPreventionReport Changes
Infection Control
Not publishedof exam
9 QuestionsHand HygieneStandard PrecautionsPPEContamination
Mental Health
Not publishedof exam
4 QuestionsEmotional NeedsBehavior ChangesGriefSupportive Care
Personal Care
Not publishedof exam
8 QuestionsBathingOral CareEliminationGrooming
Resident Rights
Not publishedof exam
6 QuestionsPrivacyDignityChoiceAbuse Reporting
Role and Responsibility
Not publishedof exam
7 QuestionsScopeDelegationProfessional ConductRegistry Duties
Safety
Not publishedof exam
8 QuestionsFall PreventionTransfersEmergenciesCall Light
Quick Facts
- Credential
- Arkansas Nurse Aide
- Administrator
- D&S Headmaster
- Knowledge
- 75 multiple-choice questions
- Knowledge time
- 60 minutes
- Knowledge pass
- 76% or better
- Skills
- 3 or 4 tasks
- Skills time
- 30 minutes
- Skills pass
- 80% each plus key steps
- Attempts
- 3 per component
- Deadline
- Within one training year
- Training
- 91 hours minimum
- Fees
- $30 knowledge; $95 skills
- Versions
- English or Spanish
- Audio
- $40 knowledge option
- Domain weights
- Not published
Active vs Passive ROM
Active ROM
- Resident moves joint
- Encourages independence
- Assist as needed
Passive ROM
- Aide moves joint
- Support above below
- Stop with pain
Resident moves vs aide moves
Restorative and Disease Care
- Independence
- Encourage resident participationGoal
- Active ROM
- Resident moves jointExercise
- Passive ROM
- Aide moves jointExercise
- Pain
- Stop movement and reportSafety
- Contracture
- Prevent with positioningRestore
- Pressure injury
- Reposition and protect skinPrevent
- Sudden weakness
- Ensure safety then reportUrgent
- Breathing change
- Stay and summon nurseUrgent
- Chest pain
- Stop activity and reportUrgent
- Normal aging
- Never dismiss new changesObserve
Assist vs Do
Assist
- Resident does safe portions
- Preserves ability
- Encourages independence
Do everything
- Creates unnecessary dependence
- Reduces resident participation
- Use only when needed
Support ability; avoid dependence
Skill Opening
Knock | Introduce | Hygiene | Explain | Privacy
KIHEPRespect before taskProtect every resident
Skill Test Flow
- Scenario is read→Listen before starting
- Need scenario again→Request repeat
- Starting care→Use universal routine
- Notice mistake→Announce correction and redo
- Step says BEFORE→Preserve exact order
- Task is complete→Tell observer finished
Official Question Counts
- Basic Nursing
- 11 questionsOfficial
- Infection Control
- 9 questionsOfficial
- Personal Care
- 8 questionsOfficial
- Safety
- 8 questionsOfficial
- Role Responsibility
- 7 questionsOfficial
- Resident Rights
- 6 questionsOfficial
- Aging Restorative
- 5 questionsOfficial
- Communication
- 5 questionsOfficial
- Disease Process
- 5 questionsOfficial
- Data Collection
- 4 questionsOfficial
- Mental Health
- 4 questionsOfficial
- Care Impaired
- 3 questionsOfficial
Universal Skill Routine
- Knock
- Wait before enteringRespect
- Introduce
- Identify yourselfCommunication
- Hand hygiene
- Before resident contactSafety
- Explain
- Describe care before startingConsent
- Privacy
- Close curtain or doorRight
- Bed brakes
- Lock before careSafety
- Bed height
- Raise for body mechanicsDuring
- Low bed
- Lower after careFinish
- Call light
- Leave within reachFinish
- Comfort
- Check resident alignmentFinish
- Clean area
- Dispose and store suppliesFinish
- Final hygiene
- Clean hands after careFinish
Other Skill Pool
- Ambulate bed-chair
- Gait belt transferMobility
- Ambulate chair-bed
- Gait belt transferMobility
- Partial bed bath
- Face arm hand underarmHygiene
- Denture care
- Clean upper or lowerOral
- Dress bedridden
- Dress resident in bedPersonal
- Feed resident
- Assist dependent eaterNutrition
- Foot care
- Complete one footPersonal
- Occupied bed
- Change linens with residentBed
- Mouth care
- Brush resident teethOral
- Nail care
- Complete one handPersonal
- Pivot bed-chair
- Weight-bearing resident transferMobility
- Pivot chair-bed
- Weight-bearing resident transferMobility
- Side position
- Align resident in bedPosition
- Hip knee ROM
- Move assigned jointsRestore
- Shoulder ROM
- Move one shoulderRestore
- Pulse respirations
- Count and recordVital
- Resident weight
- Use balance beam scaleMeasure
CNA Information Flow
Observe -> Report -> Record
Observe factsReport changesRecord accurately
Report vs Record
Report
- Tell nurse promptly
- Urgent changes first
- Use objective details
Record
- Document after care
- Use exact facts
- Follow facility policy
Notify now vs document care
Communication Picker
- Resident has hearing loss→Face resident clearly
- Resident has vision loss→Identify yourself and items
- Resident is confused→Use simple calm cues
- Resident is upset→Listen and acknowledge
- Need clinical escalation→Report objective details
- Recording resident statement→Use exact words
Communication and Cognition
- Eye level
- Face resident directlyRespect
- One question
- Allow response timeClarity
- Open question
- Encourages fuller responseListen
- Hearing loss
- Face resident clearlyAdapt
- Vision loss
- Identify yourself and itemsAdapt
- Dementia
- Use calm simple cuesAdapt
- Confusion
- Redirect without arguingSafety
- Behavior change
- Report new patternsObserve
- Resident words
- Quote important statementsDocument
- Late entry
- Follow facility policyRecord
Objective vs Subjective
Objective
- Seen heard measured
- Exact observable facts
- Record precise values
Subjective
- Resident describes experience
- Pain or nausea
- Quote important words
Observed fact vs reported feeling
Measurements and Observation
- Radial pulse
- Count and recordVital
- Respirations
- Observe and recordVital
- Weight
- Use balanced scaleMeasure
- Output
- Read graduate eye-levelmL
- Intake
- Record consumed fluidsmL
- Objective data
- Seen heard measuredObserve
- Subjective data
- Resident reports experienceQuote
- New change
- Report promptly to nurseEscalate
- Record value
- Document exact measurementNever guess
- Recording form
- Sign before skill testExam
Handwashing Flow
Wet | Soap | Scrub | Rinse | Dry
Clean fingertipsAvoid faucet contactHands completely dry
Clean vs Dirty
Clean
- Unused protected supplies
- Keep off contaminated surfaces
- Handle before dirty areas
Dirty
- Touched body fluids
- Contain and discard
- Change gloves afterward
Clean first; dirty last
Infection Response
- Touching body fluids→Wear gloves
- Clothing contamination likely→Add gown
- Moving across body→Clean toward dirty
- Gloves become contaminated→Remove and replace
- Care is finished→Remove PPE safely
- PPE is removed→Perform hand hygiene
Infection Control Core
- Standard precautions
- Use for every residentAlways
- Gloves
- Body fluid contact riskPPE
- Gown
- Protect clothing and skinPPE
- Clean to dirty
- Avoid spreading organismsDirection
- Glove change
- Change between dirty tasksRule
- Soiled linen
- Keep away from uniformContain
- Disposable item
- Discard after useNever reuse
- Reusable item
- Clean before storageFinish
- Faucet
- Avoid hand recontaminationKey step
- Hands dry
- Complete hygiene fullyKey step
Personal Care Principles
- Bath water
- Resident checks comfortChoice
- Face
- Wash eyes inner outwardClean
- Perineal care
- Front toward backDirection
- Catheter tubing
- Clean away from meatusDirection
- Drainage bag
- Keep below bladderSafety
- Denture
- Protect from breakageCare
- Oral care
- Position safely uprightAspiration
- Feeding
- Offer manageable bitesPace
- Dressing
- Weak side firstAssist
- Undressing
- Strong side firstAssist
- Foot care
- Dry between toesSkin
- Nail care
- Use approved task stepsExam
Mandatory First Tasks
- Bedpan
- Measure output plus handwashingPossible first
- Catheter care
- Female manikin plus handwashingPossible first
- Isolation task
- Gown gloves drainage handwashingPossible first
- Perineal care
- Female manikin plus handwashingPossible first
- First task
- One mandatory task assignedAlways
- Remaining tasks
- Two or three randomVariable
- Handwashing
- Embedded at mandatory endingRequired
- Manikin tasks
- Catheter and perineal careOnly two
Abuse vs Neglect
Abuse
- Intentional harmful act
- Physical verbal financial
- Report immediately
Neglect
- Required care omitted
- Needs remain unmet
- Report immediately
Harmful act vs omitted care
Rights Role and Reporting
- Right to refuse
- Stop and notify nurseChoice
- Privacy
- Shield body and informationRight
- Dignity
- Respect person and preferencesRight
- Confidentiality
- Share only care needsPrivacy
- Abuse suspicion
- Report immediatelyDuty
- Neglect
- Failure to provide careReport
- Misappropriation
- Resident property misuseReport
- Scope limit
- Decline untrained tasksSafety
- Delegated task
- Accept only trained careScope
- Care plan
- Follow assigned directionsRole
Knowledge vs Skills
Knowledge
- 75 multiple-choice questions
- 60 minute maximum
- 76% passing
Skills
- Three or four tasks
- 30 minute maximum
- 80% plus key steps
Computer answers vs live demonstration
Exam Logistics
- Knowledge exam
- 75 computer questions60 min
- Knowledge pass
- 76% or betterOfficial
- Skill test
- Three or four tasks30 min
- Skill pass
- 80% on every taskAll tasks
- Key steps
- Every bold step requiredMust pass
- Knowledge fee
- $30 each attemptSelf-pay
- Skill fee
- $95 each attemptSelf-pay
- Audio fee
- $40 knowledge attemptOptional
- Test window
- One year after trainingDeadline
- Attempt limit
- Three each componentRetrain next
Skill Closing
Low | Locked | Light | Clean
Bed lowWheels lockedCall light nearHands clean
Resident Change Response
- Immediate danger→Protect and summon help
- New breathing change→Stay and notify nurse
- Resident feels dizzy→Stop and seat safely
- Resident reports pain→Stop task and report
- Resident refuses care→Respect and notify nurse
- Suspect abuse→Report immediately
Safety and Transfers
- Gait belt
- Secure before standingTransfer
- Wide base
- Stabilize your stanceMechanics
- Bend knees
- Protect your backMechanics
- Resident shoes
- Use nonskid footwearFall
- Wheelchair brakes
- Lock before transferKey
- Footrests
- Move from transfer pathKey
- Weak side
- Support during movementAssist
- Dizziness
- Stop and seat residentReport
- Call light
- Never leave unreachableFinish
- Unknown task
- Ask supervising nurseScope
Skill Scoring Rules
- Demonstrate
- Verbalizing alone earns nothingRule
- Key step
- Missing one fails taskBold
- Task score
- At least 80% eachRule
- Correction
- Tell observer then redoAllowed
- Correction window
- Before time or finish30 min
- Step order
- Flexible unless BEFORE AFTERRule
- Scenario repeat
- Request during testAllowed
- Finish task
- Tell observer verballyRequired
- Failed retest
- Includes previously failed taskRetake
Common Traps
Old task count
Current test uses 3-4 tasks ≠ Not fixed at five
Invented weights
Official counts are published ≠ Percentage weights are not
Average score myth
Need 80% every task ≠ One weak task can fail
Bold step myth
Every key step required ≠ Overall 80% is insufficient alone
Verbalization myth
Actually demonstrate each step ≠ Words alone earn nothing
Correction panic
Corrections are allowed ≠ Announce and redo before finish
Order panic
Most order is flexible ≠ BEFORE AFTER controls sequence
Refusal trap
Never force care ≠ Respect and notify nurse
Scope trap
Never perform untrained tasks ≠ Ask supervising nurse
Last Minute
- 1.75 questions in 60 minutes
- 2.Knowledge pass is 76%
- 3.Skills use 3-4 tasks
- 4.Skills allow 30 minutes
- 5.Score 80% each task
- 6.Never miss bold steps
- 7.Demonstrate; do not merely verbalize
- 8.Announce corrections before finishing
- 9.Preserve BEFORE AFTER order
- 10.Knock introduce hygiene explain privacy
- 11.Low bed; lock wheels
- 12.Leave call light reachable
- 13.Clean to dirty
- 14.Measure and record exactly
- 15.Respect refusal and report
- 16.Report abuse immediately
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