7.2 Yangming Channels: Large Intestine (LI) and Stomach (ST) Points
Key Takeaways
Hand Yangming Large Intestine and Foot Yangming Stomach constitute the multi-layered Yangming conduit, known classically for being 'abundant in both Qi and Blood,' making its points extraordinarily potent for expelling exterior pathogens, draining blazing heat, treating facial/sensory disorders, and revitalizing constitutional vitality.
Hand Yangming encompasses 20 points running from the radial index finger to the contralateral ala nasi, highlighted by LI 4 (Hegu - Yuan-Source, Command of Face/Mouth, contraindicated in pregnancy), LI 11 (Quchi - He-Sea, premier point to drain fire and cool blood), and LI 20 (Yingxiang - crossing with ST, opens nasal passages).
Foot Yangming comprises 45 points extending from the infraorbital ridge down the anterior neck, trunk, anterior-lateral thigh, and tibia to the second toe, featuring crucial points ST 1 (Chengqi - ocular safety), ST 9 (Renying - carotid artery caution), ST 12 (Quepen - pneumothorax risk), ST 25 (Tianshu - Front-Mu of LI), ST 36 (Zusanli - Command of Abdomen, He-Sea), ST 37/39 (Lower He-Sea points), ST 40 (Fenglong - supreme phlegm transformer), and ST 44 (Neiting - Ying-Spring).
Extreme anatomical cautions must be observed: ST 1 requires gentle cephalad retraction of the eyeball with perpendicular insertion without manipulation; ST 12 supraclavicular puncture carries high risk to the apex of the lung; ST 9 requires lateral palpation/retraction of the carotid artery to avoid hematoma.
7.2 Yangming Channels: Large Intestine (LI) and Stomach (ST) Points
Quick Answer: The Yangming channel pair (Hand Yangming Large Intestine and Foot Yangming Stomach) represents the "closing" or interior-gathering layer of Yang. Yangming is classically distinguished as being abundant in both Qi and Blood (Duo Qi Duo Xue). Consequently, Yangming points are the most dynamic points in acupuncture for draining high continuous fever, clearing excess fire, regulating bowel motility, treating motor atrophy (Wei syndrome), and resolving disorders of the face, jaw, eyes, and sensory orifices. Essential points tested on the board examination include LI 4 (Command of Face/Mouth, Yuan-Source, strong pregnancy contraindication), LI 11 (He-Sea Earth, supreme heat/fever clearer and blood cooler), LI 20 (rhinitis, anosmia), ST 1 (infraorbital ridge, risk to eyeball), ST 8 (Yangming frontal headache), ST 9 (carotid bifurcation hazard, regulates blood pressure), ST 12 (Quepen, severe pneumothorax risk), ST 25 (Front-Mu of Large Intestine), ST 36 (Command of Abdomen, premier tonification node), ST 37 & ST 39 (Lower He-Sea points of LI and SI), ST 38 (empirical shoulder point), ST 40 (supreme phlegm transformer), and ST 44 (Ying-Spring Water, clears Stomach Fire and toothache).
The Energetic Architecture of Yangming (Hand & Foot)
Yangming occupies the intermediate structural zone between superficial Taiyang (Exterior) and deep Shaoyang (Pivot). Because Yangming is abundant in both Qi and Blood:
- High Metabolic Heat Capacity: When pathogenic Heat enters Yangming, it transforms rapidly into blazing Four-Bigs syndrome (Big Fever, Big Thirst, Big Sweat, Big Surging Pulse). Yangming points (such as LI 11, ST 44, and ST 45) possess unmatched heat-draining capacity.
- Dominance Over Flesh and Motor Function: Chapter 44 of the Su Wen states: "In treating Wei (atrophy/paralysis) syndromes, exclusively select Yangming." Because Yangming governs the Stomach and digestion, tonifying Yangming points generates muscle mass, nourishes the sinews, and restores motor movement in stroke rehabilitation and neuropathy.
- Cranial & Facial Dominance: The Large Intestine channel terminates on the contralateral side of the nose, and the Stomach channel blankets the infraorbital, maxillary, mandibular, and frontal regions. Nearly all facial paralysis (Bell's palsy), trigeminal neuralgia, and toothaches are managed via Yangming.
Large Intestine Channel of Hand Yangming (LI 1 to LI 20)
The Hand Yangming Large Intestine channel originates at the radial corner of the index finger nail at LI 1 (Shangyang), travels up the radial border of the index finger, passes through the web space between the 1st and 2nd metacarpal bones at LI 4 (Hegu), traverses the anatomical snuffbox at LI 5 (Yangxi), ascends the lateral-anterior forearm to the lateral elbow at LI 11 (Quchi), climbs the lateral upper arm to the deltoid insertion at LI 14 (Binao), traverses the anterior-inferior acromion depression at LI 15 (Jianyu), crosses over the shoulder to Du 14, enters the supraclavicular fossa at ST 12 (Quepen), penetrates internally to link with the Lung and descend through the diaphragm to enter the Large Intestine.
A superficial cervical branch ascends the neck, enters the lower gum and teeth, curves around the upper lip, crosses the philtrum to the contralateral side at Du 26 (Renzhong), and terminates beside the opposite ala nasi at LI 20 (Yingxiang), where it connects with the Foot Yangming Stomach channel.
Comprehensive Reference: Large Intestine Points
| Point | Pinyin / Translation | Category / Specific Function | Anatomical Location & Palpation | Needling Angle & Depth | Primary Clinical Actions & Exam High-Yields | Anatomical Structures at Risk / Safety |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LI 1 | Shangyang (Merchant Yang) | Jing-Well (Metal point); Horary point | Radial side of index finger, 0.1 cun posterior to the corner of the nail | Perpendicular 0.1 cun, or prick to bleed | Clears Yangming Fire, revives consciousness, sore throat, high fever, toothache, numbness of fingers | Digital vessels and nerves. |
| LI 2 | Erjian (Second Interval) | Ying-Spring (Water point); Sedation (Son) point | In depression on radial border of index finger, distal to 2nd metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint, at red-white border | Perpendicular 0.2–0.3 cun | Drains Heat from channel, toothache, pharyngitis, nosebleeds | Dorsal digital vessels. |
| LI 3 | Sanjian (Third Interval) | Shu-Stream (Wood point) | Radial border of index finger, in depression proximal to 2nd MCP joint | Perpendicular 0.5–1.0 cun | Expels wind, clears heat, eye pain, toothache, finger arthritis | 1st dorsal interosseous muscle. |
| LI 4 | Hegu (Joining Valleys) | Yuan-Source point; Command point of Face and Mouth; Ma Danyang Heaven Star; Gao Wu Command point | On the dorsum of the hand, between the 1st and 2nd metacarpal bones, at midpoint of radial border of 2nd metacarpal bone | Perpendicular 0.5–1.0 cun, or directed toward PC 8 | Premier point to expel exterior Wind-Heat and Wind-Cold; stops pain throughout the body; treats facial paralysis, toothache, sinusitis, frontal headache; restores Qi circulation; induces labor | STRICTLY CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANCY. Strong downward-draining action causes miscarriage/premature labor. Deep radial artery branches. |
| LI 5 | Yangxi (Yang Stream) | Jing-River (Fire point) | Radial aspect of wrist, in anatomical snuffbox between tendons of extensor pollicis longus and brevis | Perpendicular 0.3–0.5 cun | Clears Yangming Fire, red painful eyes, headache, toothache, wrist bi | Cephalic vein, radial artery branches. Avoid moxa on visible vessels. |
| LI 6 | Pianli (Veering Pass) | Luo-Connecting point | Radial forearm, 3 cun proximal to LI 5, on line connecting LI 5 and LI 11 | Perpendicular or oblique 0.5–0.8 cun | Opens Lung/LI water passages, facial edema, ascites, dysuria, epistaxis | Cephalic vein, lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve. |
| LI 7 | Wenliu (Warm Flow) | Xi-Cleft point | Radial forearm, 5 cun proximal to LI 5, on line connecting LI 5 and LI 11 | Perpendicular 0.5–1.0 cun | Clears acute heat toxins, acute abdominal pain, carbuncles, furuncles, sore throat, borborygmus | Cephalic vein. |
| LI 10 | Shousanli (Arm Three Miles) | Local/Systemic regulating point | Radial forearm, 2 cun distal to LI 11, on line connecting LI 5 and LI 11 | Perpendicular 1.0–1.5 cun | Harmonizes Stomach and Intestines, clears Damp-Heat, treats diarrhea, arm numbness, epicondylitis, toothache | Radial recurrent artery branches. |
| LI 11 | Quchi (Pool at the Crook) | He-Sea (Earth point); Tonification (Mother) point; Ma Danyang Heaven Star point | At elbow, midway between LU 5 and the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, at lateral terminus of transverse cubital crease when elbow is flexed 90° | Perpendicular 1.0–1.5 cun | Premier point to clear Heat, drain Fire, and cool Blood; reduces high fever; resolves hypertension; relieves skin heat/itching (urticaria, eczema, psoriasis); treats upper limb hemiplegia | Radial recurrent artery, radial nerve. |
| LI 14 | Binao (Upper Arm) | Crossing with Yang Wei & Yang Qiao | Lateral arm, on line connecting LI 11 and LI 15, 7 cun superior to LI 11, at insertion of deltoid muscle | Perpendicular or oblique 0.8–1.2 cun | Unbinds channel, treats shoulder pain, scrofula, and eye diseases such as optic atrophy | Cephalic vein, radial nerve in deep groove. |
| LI 15 | Jianyu (Shoulder Bone) | Crossing with Yang Qiao Mai | Anterior-inferior to acromion, in depression between anterior and middle deltoid heads when arm is abducted 90° | Perpendicular or oblique inferiorly 0.8–1.5 cun | Premier point for shoulder joint pathology, rotator cuff tendonitis, frozen shoulder, hemiplegia, urticaria | Axillary nerve branch. Patient must abduct arm 90° to open the joint depression. |
| LI 20 | Yingxiang (Welcome Fragrance) | Crossing point with Stomach channel | In the nasolabial groove, level with the midpoint of the lateral border of the ala nasi | Oblique or subcutaneous directed medially/superiorly 0.3–0.5 cun | Premier point to open nasal passages; treats allergic rhinitis, acute sinusitis, anosmia (loss of smell), nasal polyps, Bell's palsy | Facial artery/vein branches. Do not moxa. |
Stomach Channel of Foot Yangming (ST 1 to ST 45)
The Foot Yangming Stomach channel begins at the side of the nose (connecting from contralateral LI 20), ascends to the medial canthus to intersect BL 1 (Jingming), descends along the infraorbital ridge to ST 1 (Chengqi), enters the upper gum and teeth, encircles the lips, intersects the chin mental groove at Ren 24, follows the mandible to ST 6 (Jiache), ascends anterior to the ear at ST 7 (Xiaguan), climbs through the temporal hairline to terminate at the temple corner at ST 8 (Touwei).
A cervical branch descends from the mandible down the neck anterior to the SCM at ST 9 (Renying) to enter the supraclavicular fossa at ST 12 (Quepen). Here, the channel divides:
- Internal Trunk: Penetrates deep through the diaphragm, enters the Stomach, and links with the Spleen.
- External Superficial Trunk: Descends the mammillary line on the chest (4 cun lateral to midline) passing through ST 17 (nipple - STRICTLY NO NEEDLE/MOXA), converges to 2 cun lateral on the abdomen, traverses ST 25 (umbilicus level) to the inguinal groin at ST 30, meets the internal trunk, and emerges on the anterior thigh at ST 31.
It travels down the rectus femoris muscle, skirts the lateral patella at ST 35 (Dubi), runs down the anterior-lateral lower leg one finger-breadth lateral to the anterior tibial crest through ST 36 (Zusanli), passes across the dorsum of the foot, and terminates at the lateral corner of the second toe nail at ST 45 (Lidui). Exit branches leave ST 36 (to the middle toe) and ST 42 (to the big toe at SP 1).
Comprehensive Reference: Key Stomach Points
| Point | Pinyin / Translation | Category / Specific Function | Anatomical Location & Palpation | Needling Angle & Depth | Primary Clinical Actions & Exam High-Yields | Anatomical Structures at Risk / Safety |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ST 1 | Chengqi (Container of Tears) | Crossing with Yang Qiao and Ren Mai | With eyes looking straight ahead, in depression between eyeball and infraorbital margin, directly below pupil | Push eyeball gently superiorly with thumb; insert needle slowly perpendicularly 0.5–1.0 cun along orbital floor. NO MANIPULATION. | Eye redness, optic atrophy, retinitis, conjunctivitis, facial paralysis | Eyeball and ophthalmic artery/vein. High hematoma risk. Apply firm cotton ball pressure for 1–2 min upon removal. |
| ST 2 | Sibai (Four Whites) | Trigeminal V2 exit node | In depression at the infraorbital foramen, directly below the pupil, below ST 1 | Perpendicular 0.2–0.4 cun, or oblique | Trigeminal neuralgia (maxillary branch), Bell's palsy, twitching eyelids | Infraorbital nerve and vessels. Avoid deep penetration into foramen. |
| ST 4 | Dicang (Earth Granary) | Crossing with Yang Qiao and LI | 0.4 cun lateral to the corner (commissure) of the mouth, directly below pupil | Subcutaneous transverse insertion toward ST 6 or ST 7, 0.5–1.5 cun | Bell's palsy, drooling, inability to close lips, facial spasm | Facial artery and vein branches. |
| ST 6 | Jiache (Jaw Bone) | Sun Si Miao Ghost point | 1 finger-breadth anterior and superior to lower angle of mandible, on masseter muscle prominence when teeth clenched | Perpendicular 0.3–0.5 cun, or oblique toward ST 4 0.5–1.0 cun | Toothache (lower jaw), lockjaw, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, Bell's palsy, parotitis (mumps) | Masseteric nerve and artery; facial nerve branches. |
| ST 7 | Xiaguan (Lower Gate) | Crossing with Gallbladder channel | In depression between lower border of zygomatic arch and mandibular notch. Located with mouth closed. | Perpendicular 0.5–1.0 cun. Keep mouth closed. | TMJ pain, toothache, trigeminal neuralgia, ear fullness, deafness | Superficial temporal artery, facial nerve branches. Mandibular condyle closes space if mouth opens. |
| ST 8 | Touwei (Head Support) | Crossing with Gallbladder & Yang Wei | At temple, 0.5 cun within anterior hairline at corner of forehead, 4.5 cun lateral to Du 24 (Shenting) | Subcutaneous/transverse insertion posteriorly 0.5–1.0 cun | Premier point for Yangming frontal/temporal headache, splitting headache, dizziness, eye lacrimation | Superficial temporal vessels. Do not moxa. |
| ST 9 | Renying (Man's Prognosis) | Window of Heaven point; Sea of Qi | Anterior border of SCM muscle, 1.5 cun lateral to laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple), at pulsation of carotid artery | Palpate and push common carotid artery laterally; insert needle perpendicularly 0.3–0.5 cun medial to artery. No manipulation. | Reduces high blood pressure, regulates Qi and Blood, treats goiter, scrofula, asthma, acute dyspnea | Carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, carotid sinus. Never needle deeply or puncture vascular wall. |
| ST 12 | Quepen (Empty Basin) | Crossing point of 6 Yang channels | Center of supraclavicular fossa, 4 cun lateral to anterior midline, directly superior to nipple line | Perpendicular 0.3–0.5 cun along posterior border of clavicle. Never needle deep posterior-inferiorly. | Clears heat, relieves cough, dyspnea, throat bi, neck scrofula | Visceral pleura and apex of lung. Catastrophic pneumothorax hazard; subclavian artery. |
| ST 21 | Liangmen (Beam Gate) | Middle Jiao regulating node | Upper abdomen, 4 cun superior to umbilicus (level with Ren 12), 2 cun lateral to anterior midline | Perpendicular 0.8–1.2 cun | Regulates Stomach Qi, relieves epigastric pain, gastric ulcer, vomiting, anorexia, food stagnation | Peritoneal cavity; enlarged liver (on right) or stomach. |
| ST 25 | Tianshu (Heaven's Pivot) | Front-Mu point of the Large Intestine | Middle abdomen, 2 cun lateral to the center of the umbilicus (level with Shenque / Ren 8) | Perpendicular 1.0–1.5 cun | Premier point to regulate the Intestines; treats acute/chronic diarrhea, dysentery, constipation, abdominal distension, intestinal abscess | Peritoneal cavity; distended bladder or intestines in emaciated patients. |
| ST 28 | Shuidao (Water Path) | Water metabolism point | Lower abdomen, 3 cun inferior to umbilicus (level with Ren 4), 2 cun lateral to anterior midline | Perpendicular 1.0–1.5 cun | Opens water pathways, treats urinary retention, edema, dysuria, dysmenorrhea, uterine fibroids | Full bladder. Patient must empty bladder prior to needling. |
| ST 34 | Liangqiu (Beam Mound) | Xi-Cleft point | Anterior thigh, 2 cun superior to superior-lateral border of patella, in depression on vastus lateralis | Perpendicular 0.8–1.2 cun | Premier point for acute gastric pain, acute epigastric cramping, acute mastitis, breast abscess, knee bi | Lateral superior genicular artery. |
| ST 35 | Dubi (Calf's Nose) | Eye of the Knee | In depression lateral to the patellar ligament when knee is flexed 90° | Oblique medially/superiorly 0.8–1.2 cun | Premier local point for knee joint pain, arthritis, effusion, motor impairment | Patellar articular cavity. Strict aseptic technique. |
| ST 36 | Zusanli (Leg Three Miles) | He-Sea (Earth point); Horary point; Command point of the Abdomen; Ma Danyang Heaven Star; Sea of Water and Grain | Anterior-lateral lower leg, 3 cun inferior to ST 35, one finger-breadth lateral to anterior crest of tibia | Perpendicular 1.0–2.0 cun | Supreme longevity and tonification point; tonifies Qi and Blood, strengthens Spleen and Stomach, raises sunken Yang, dispels dampness, alleviates abdominal pain | Anterior tibial artery and vein; deep peroneal nerve. |
| ST 37 | Shangjuxu (Upper Great Void) | Lower He-Sea point of the Large Intestine; Sea of Blood | 3 cun inferior to ST 36, one finger-breadth lateral to anterior crest of tibia (6 cun below ST 35) | Perpendicular 1.0–1.5 cun | Treats all Large Intestine disorders: acute diarrhea, dysenteric diarrhea, appendicitis (intestinal abscess), abdominal pain | Anterior tibial vessels. |
| ST 38 | Tiaokou (Lines Opening) | Empirical shoulder point | 5 cun inferior to ST 36, midpoint of line between ST 35 and lateral malleolus (8 cun below ST 35) | Perpendicular 1.0–1.5 cun, or through-needle to BL 57 | Premier distal empirical point for frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) and rotator cuff pain. Mobilize shoulder during needling | Deep peroneal nerve. |
| ST 39 | Xiajuxu (Lower Great Void) | Lower He-Sea point of the Small Intestine; Sea of Blood | 3 cun inferior to ST 37, 1 cun inferior to ST 38, one finger-breadth lateral to anterior tibial crest (9 cun below ST 35) | Perpendicular 1.0–1.5 cun | Treats Small Intestine disharmony: lower abdominal pain, flatulence, borborygmus, testicular pain | Anterior tibial vessels. |
| ST 40 | Fenglong (Abundant Bulge) | Luo-Connecting point | Anterior-lateral lower leg, 8 cun superior to tip of lateral malleolus, one finger-breadth lateral to ST 38 (two finger-breadths lateral to anterior tibial crest) | Perpendicular 1.0–1.5 cun | Premier point in acupuncture to transform Phlegm (both tangible lung phlegm and intangible phlegm causing mania, depression, clouding of Shen, vertigo, scrofula) | Superficial peroneal nerve. |
| ST 41 | Jiexi (Dividing Stream) | Jing-River (Fire point); Tonification (Mother) point | On anterior transverse ankle crease, between tendons of extensor digitorum longus and hallucis longus, level with tip of lateral malleolus | Perpendicular 0.5–0.8 cun | Clears Stomach Fire, frontal headache, dizziness, constipation, ankle joint arthritis | Anterior tibial artery/vein, deep peroneal nerve. |
| ST 44 | Neiting (Inner Courtyard) | Ying-Spring (Water point); Ma Danyang Heaven Star | On dorsum of foot, proximal to web margin between 2nd and 3rd toes, in depression distal and lateral to 2nd MTP joint | Perpendicular or oblique 0.5–0.8 cun | Premier point to clear Stomach Heat and Fire; treats severe toothache, trigeminal neuralgia, acid reflux, canine hunger, febrile thirst | Dorsal digital vessels and nerves. |
| ST 45 | Lidui (Severe Mouth) | Jing-Well (Metal point); Sedation (Son) point | Lateral side of 2nd toe, 0.1 cun posterior to the corner of the nail | Perpendicular 0.1 cun, or prick to bleed | Clears Stomach Fire, calms Shen, treats dream-disturbed sleep, nightmares, mania, facial swelling | Digital vessels and nerves. |
Critical Anatomical Hazards & CNT Protocols in Yangming Points
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| HIGH-PRIORITY SAFETY DIRECTIVES: YANGMING POINTS |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1. ST 1 (Chengqi - Eye Socket): |
| - Anatomy: Eyeball, inferior rectus muscle, ophthalmic venous plexus. |
| - Protocol: Patient looks up; thumb retracts globe upward. Needle slowly |
| along orbital floor 0.5-1.0 cun. NO LIFTING, THRUSTING, OR ROTATION. |
| - Hemostasis: On needle removal, compress site with sterile gauze 2 min.|
| |
| 2. ST 9 (Renying - Carotid Triangle): |
| - Anatomy: Common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, carotid sinus. |
| - Protocol: Palpate carotid pulse. Push artery laterally with index |
| finger. Insert needle strictly medial to vessel 0.3-0.5 cun. |
| - Hazard: Puncturing carotid artery causes rapid, massive hematoma; |
| stimulating carotid sinus induces severe bradycardia/hypotension. |
| |
| 3. ST 12 (Quepen - Supraclavicular Fossa): |
| - Anatomy: Cupola of pleura, apex of lung, subclavian artery. |
| - Protocol: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 cun strictly hugging the |
| posterior border of the clavicle. Never angle posteriorly/inferiorly. |
| - Hazard: Primary cause of iatrogenic acupuncture pneumothorax. |
| |
| 4. LI 4 (Hegu - Dorsum of Hand): |
| - Contraindication: STRICTLY FORBIDDEN IN PREGNANCY. Downward draining |
| Qi dynamic triggers uterine hypertonicity and abortion. |
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Clinical Applications & High-Yield Exam Vignettes
1. The "Four Gates" (Si Guan) Mechanism
The combination of LI 4 (Hegu) with LR 3 (Taichong) constitutes the classical Four Gates. LI 4 (Yangming Metal, moves Qi in the upper body and exterior) combined with LR 3 (Jueyin Wood, smooths Blood and Qi in the lower body and interior) opens all twelve channels, dispels stagnation, relieves generalized pain, and calms internal wind.
2. Acute Stomach Fire vs. Food Stagnation
- Stomach Fire Blazing: Excruciating burning epigastric pain, intense hunger but pain after eating, foul halitosis, bleeding swollen gums, constipation with hard dry stools, red tongue with dry yellow coat, rapid forceful pulse -> Select ST 44 (clears fire) + LI 11 (drains fire) + ST 25 (regulates bowels).
- Phlegm-Fire Clouding the Mind (Dian Kuang): Aggressive mania, uncontrolled laughter or singing, incoherent shouting, insomnia -> Select ST 40 (transforms phlegm) + LI 11 (drains fire) + ST 45 (calms Shen) + Du 20.
3. Frozen Shoulder Distal Empirical Selection
A patient presents with chronic adhesive capsulitis unable to abduct the arm past 45 degrees. While local points (LI 15, SJ 14) are standard, the exam-definitive distal intervention is ST 38 (Tiaokou). The practitioner needles ST 38 deeply (often through to BL 57) while instructing the patient to actively mobilize and raise the affected arm during manipulation.
A 48-year-old male presents with severe right-sided facial paralysis (Bell's palsy) resulting in an inability to close the right eye, flattening of the nasolabial fold, and drooling from the right corner of the mouth. The practitioner selects ST 4 (Dicang) and ST 6 (Jiache). How should the needle be directed at ST 4 to connect the therapeutic vector with ST 6?
Perpendicular insertion 1.0 cun directly into the buccinator muscle
Perpendicular insertion 0.2 cun into the vermilion border of the lower lip
Oblique insertion directed medially toward the philtrum at Du 26
Subcutaneous transverse insertion directed toward ST 6 at the angle of the jaw
A 54-year-old patient presents with acute dysenteric diarrhea, tenesmus, and lower abdominal cramping. Which point on the lower extremity is the Lower He-Sea point of the Large Intestine, indicated for intestinal disorders such as diarrhea and dysentery?
ST 36 (Zusanli)
ST 39 (Xiajuxu)
ST 37 (Shangjuxu)
ST 40 (Fenglong)
While needling ST 12 (Quepen) in the center of the supraclavicular fossa, which critical anatomical structure lies directly inferior and posterior to the point, posing a life-threatening complication if needling is performed deeply or angled improperly?
The thoracic duct
The external jugular vein and its tributaries
The brachial plexus trunks
The pleural cupola and lung apex
A 35-year-old patient presents with persistent mental fog, heavy limbs, chest fullness, coughing with copious sticky white sputum, and a history of bipolar mood swings characterized by agitation. The tongue is swollen with a thick, greasy white coating and the pulse is slippery (Hua). Which point on the Stomach channel is classically recognized as the premier node to transform both tangible and intangible Phlegm throughout the body?
ST 40 (Fenglong)
ST 36 (Zusanli)
ST 25 (Tianshu)
ST 44 (Neiting)
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