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Sample MCAA PPL Theory Exam Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the MCAA PPL Theory Exam exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Under CAR 61.17(b) (ИНД-61), what minimum score must a candidate achieve to pass a written examination required for a Mongolian pilot licence?
A.75%
B.80%
C.65%
D.70%
Explanation: CAR 61.17(b) sets a single pass standard of at least 70% for every written examination required by CAR 61, including each PPL subject paper. A 75% figure appeared in a 2016 ministry article, but the rule reissued by Minister of Road and Transport Order А/255 of 3 October 2025 states 70%.
2Under CAR 61.17(c), within what period must a PPL applicant pass every written examination needed for the PPL written examination credit?
A.Within 12 months of the first examination
B.Within 3 years of the first examination
C.Within 5 years of the first examination
D.Within 2 years of the first examination
Explanation: CAR 61.17(c) requires all the written examinations for the licence to be passed within 3 years of the first examination sat for that credit. AC61-1 Rev 4 §3.2 calls this the qualifying period. Passes that fall outside it do not count towards the credit.
3A candidate passes the last required PPL subject on 10 June 2026, completing the written examination credit. Under CAR 61.17(d) and AC61-1 Rev 4 §3.3, until when may that credit be used towards licence issue?
A.Until 10 June 2029
B.Until 10 June 2027
C.Until 10 June 2031
D.Until 10 June 2036
Explanation: CAR 61.17(d)(1) makes PPL, CPL and instrument rating written credits valid for 3 years. AC61-1 Rev 4 §3.3.1 counts that period from the date the last subject was passed. A credit completed on 10 June 2026 therefore remains usable until 10 June 2029.
4A candidate fails the PPL Meteorology paper for the third time within 90 days. Under CAR 61.17(e), when may they next sit that subject?
A.After 30 days from the last failure
B.After 60 days from the last failure
C.After 90 days from the last failure
D.Only after repeating the whole ground course
Explanation: CAR 61.17(e) states that a person who records 3 unsatisfactory results in a written examination within 90 days may not sit that subject again for 90 days from the date of the last failed attempt. The stand-down applies only to the subject that was failed.
5What is the minimum age for the issue of a Mongolian Private Pilot Licence under CAR 61.153(a)(1)?
A.17 years
B.18 years
C.16 years
D.21 years
Explanation: CAR 61.153(a)(1) requires a PPL applicant to be at least 18 years old. The same minimum applies to a CPL under CAR 61.203(a)(1), while an ATPL requires 21 under CAR 61.253(a)(1).
6Under CAR 61.153(a)(3), what minimum flight experience must a PPL(A) applicant have if they intend to exercise cross-country privileges?
A.40 hours
B.45 hours
C.50 hours
D.60 hours
Explanation: CAR 61.153(a)(3)(i) requires at least 50 hours of flight experience, including solo, dual, instrument and cross-country time acceptable to the Director. An applicant who does not intend to fly cross-country may qualify with 40 hours under (a)(3)(ii). That pilot may not then exercise PPL privileges on cross-country flights.
7Which medical certificate satisfies CAR 61.153(a)(2) for the issue of a Mongolian PPL?
A.A Class 3 certificate issued under CAR 67
B.A Class 1 certificate; Class 2 is not accepted
C.A self-declaration countersigned by an instructor
D.A current Class 1 or Class 2 certificate under CAR 67
Explanation: CAR 61.153(a)(2) requires a valid Class 1 or Class 2 medical certificate issued under CAR 67 (ИНД-67). Class 2 is the usual private pilot standard. A CPL or ATPL applicant needs a Class 1 certificate under CAR 61.203(a)(3).
8A 32-year-old private pilot is issued a Class 2 medical certificate. Under CAR 67.61, what is the maximum period for which it may be issued?
A.60 months
B.24 months
C.12 months
D.48 months
Explanation: CAR 67.61(a)(2) allows a Class 2 certificate to be issued for up to 60 months if the applicant is under 40 at issue. The limit is 24 months if the applicant is 40 or older. The Director may issue a shorter period or add conditions.
9A pilot with a current foreign PPL wants to fly Mongolian-registered aircraft for a few months without converting the licence. Which CAR 61 provision applies, and what does it require?
A.CAR 61.9 validation permit: air law exam and flight test; valid up to 1 year
B.CAR 61.10 conversion: issued on payment of the fee; valid for the holder's life
C.CAR 61.11 application: logbook check only; valid until the foreign licence expires
D.CAR 61.15 temporary licence: medical only; valid for 90 days
Explanation: CAR 61.9 provides a validation permit for the holder of a current PPL or higher licence from an ICAO Contracting State. The applicant needs a valid medical certificate, adequate language ability, a pass in the Director-approved air law examination and a flight test. The permit lasts up to one year and never beyond the foreign licence's validity. Under 61.9(d) it is not renewed; the holder must then apply for conversion under 61.10.
10Under CAR 61.10, what must the holder of a current foreign PPL complete, besides holding a valid medical certificate, to convert it to a Mongolian PPL?
A.Only the PPL Meteorology and Navigation papers
B.All six PPL written papers regardless of experience
C.An ICAO Level 6 English assessment only
D.The Director-approved air law examination and a flight test
Explanation: CAR 61.10(a) requires a current foreign PPL or higher licence (or a 61.9 validation permit), a valid medical certificate, a pass in the Director-approved aviation law examination, and a successful flight test. MCAA's advisory circulars also treat air law as the one written subject that other passes never replace.

About the MCAA PPL Theory Exam Exam

The Civil Aviation Authority of Mongolia (ИНЕГ / MCAA) Private Pilot Licence (PPL) written examinations test the aeronautical knowledge required for a Mongolian PPL. They are required by CAR 61.153(a)(6) (ИНД-61: Нисгэгчийн үнэмлэх, зэрэглэл), reissued by Minister of Road and Transport Order А/255 of 3 October 2025, and detailed in Advisory Circular AC61-3 Rev 3 Appendix II. The six subjects are flight radiotelephony, air law, air navigation and flight planning, meteorology, human factors and aircraft technical knowledge. Applicants must be at least 18, hold a Class 1 or Class 2 medical certificate, log at least 50 hours of flight experience (40 hours without cross-country privileges), score at least 70% in each subject and pass a flight test. This practice bank offers independent English-language multiple-choice questions on those syllabus areas, with Mongolian air law drawn from the current CAR 12, 61, 67 and 91 texts and AIP Mongolia; it is a study adaptation, not an official paper or format simulation.

Exam sponsor: Civil Aviation Authority of Mongolia (ИНЕГ / MCAA). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

The PPL written examination credit is required by CAR 61.153(a)(6) (ИНД-61) and detailed in AC61-3 Rev 3 Appendix II. Candidates must pass six subjects: Flight Radiotelephony (Subject 2), PPL Air Law (Subject 4), Air Navigation and Flight Planning (Subject 6), PPL Meteorology (Subject 8), Human Factors (Subject 10) and Aircraft Technical Knowledge (Subject 12 aeroplane or 14 helicopter). The pass mark is 70% per paper (CAR 61.17(b)). All subjects must be passed within 3 years of the first examination, and the credit is then valid for 3 years from the last pass (CAR 61.17(c)-(d); AC61-1 Rev 4 §3.3). A candidate who fails a subject 3 times within 90 days must wait 90 days before re-sitting it (CAR 61.17(e)). Licence prerequisites include minimum age 18 (CAR 61.153(a)(1)), a valid Class 1 or Class 2 medical certificate under CAR 67 (CAR 61.153(a)(2)), at least 50 hours of flight experience, or 40 hours without cross-country privileges (CAR 61.153(a)(3)), and English language proficiency of at least ICAO Level 2 (AC61-3). A separate PPL flight test is required, and a passed flight test is valid for 3 months (CAR 61.21(b)). MCAA's 2025 performance report states that the Aspeq-run online examinations stopped in June 2024; AC61-1 Rev 4 (April 2026) now refers only to an authorised examination organisation, and MCAA has not published its current pilot-examination booking arrangements, fee, item counts or time limits. This bank is an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation, not an official examination paper or format simulation.

Time Limit

Administered directly by MCAA or its authorised examination centre; not published as fixed public times on the portal

Passing Score

70% per subject paper (CAR 61.17(b)); all subject credits must be obtained within 3 years and are valid for 3 years towards licence issue

Exam / Certification Fees

Not published on the MCAA website. CAR 61.11 requires applications with the applicable fee receipt; contact MCAA for current charges

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

Not published

Air Law & Operational Regulations

Mongolian CAR 1, 12, 61, 67, 91 and 92, Civil Aviation Act 2023, Ulaanbaatar FIR airspace (Classes A, C, D and G), VFR and Special VFR minima, fuel reserves, minimum heights, metric cruising levels, right of way, light signals, licensing and accident reporting.

Not published

Flight Navigation & Flight Planning

Dead reckoning, aeronautical charts, magnetic variation, 1-in-60 rule, groundspeed and drift, VFR flight planning, mass and balance calculations, and light aeroplane performance.

Not published

Meteorology

Atmosphere structure, ISA, pressure systems, altimetry, cloud types, fog, thunderstorms, icing hazards, METAR/TAF decoding, and Mongolian regional weather.

Not published

Aircraft Technical Knowledge

Four-stroke piston engines, carburetors, mixture control, fuel systems, AvGas 100LL, electrical DC systems, dual magnetos, pitot-static instruments, and gyroscopic instruments.

Not published

Human Factors & Aviation Physiology

Aviation physiology, hypoxia, hyperventilation, carbon monoxide, spatial disorientation, visual illusions, fatigue, IMSAFE and the CAR 91.6 alcohol rule, decision-making and lookout.

Not published

Flight Radiotelephony & Communications

Standard ICAO phraseology, phonetic alphabet, ATC readbacks, emergency squawk codes (7500, 7600, 7700), MAYDAY/PAN PAN distress and urgency calls, and radio communication failure.

Preparing for the MCAA PPL Theory Exam Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: 70% per subject paper (CAR 61.17(b)); all subject credits must be obtained within 3 years and are valid for 3 years towards licence issue
  • Assessment: The PPL written examination credit is required by CAR 61.153(a)(6) (ИНД-61) and detailed in AC61-3 Rev 3 Appendix II. Candidates must pass six subjects: Flight Radiotelephony (Subject 2), PPL Air Law (Subject 4), Air Navigation and Flight Planning (Subject 6), PPL Meteorology (Subject 8), Human Factors (Subject 10) and Aircraft Technical Knowledge (Subject 12 aeroplane or 14 helicopter). The pass mark is 70% per paper (CAR 61.17(b)). All subjects must be passed within 3 years of the first examination, and the credit is then valid for 3 years from the last pass (CAR 61.17(c)-(d); AC61-1 Rev 4 §3.3). A candidate who fails a subject 3 times within 90 days must wait 90 days before re-sitting it (CAR 61.17(e)). Licence prerequisites include minimum age 18 (CAR 61.153(a)(1)), a valid Class 1 or Class 2 medical certificate under CAR 67 (CAR 61.153(a)(2)), at least 50 hours of flight experience, or 40 hours without cross-country privileges (CAR 61.153(a)(3)), and English language proficiency of at least ICAO Level 2 (AC61-3). A separate PPL flight test is required, and a passed flight test is valid for 3 months (CAR 61.21(b)). MCAA's 2025 performance report states that the Aspeq-run online examinations stopped in June 2024; AC61-1 Rev 4 (April 2026) now refers only to an authorised examination organisation, and MCAA has not published its current pilot-examination booking arrangements, fee, item counts or time limits. This bank is an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation, not an official examination paper or format simulation.
  • Time limit: Administered directly by MCAA or its authorised examination centre; not published as fixed public times on the portal
  • Exam / certification fees: Not published on the MCAA website. CAR 61.11 requires applications with the applicable fee receipt; contact MCAA for current charges Official sources

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MCAA PPL Theory Exam: Suggested Study Strategy

1Master the Mongolian rules: study CAR 61 (licensing and examinations) and CAR 91 (operating and flight rules), including Mongolia-specific points such as the 70% pass mark, the 12-hour/0.04% alcohol rule in CAR 91.6, the 5 km Class G VMC minimum and the metric VFR cruising levels in CAR 91.313.
2Practice real flight calculations: Work through 1-in-60 drift and track corrections, takeoff and landing distance charts, pressure and density altitude conversions, and center of gravity moment calculations.
3Understand altimeter setting procedures: QNH indicates altitude above mean sea level and reads aerodrome elevation on ground; QFE reads zero at aerodrome datum; standard pressure (1013.25 hPa) is set at or above the Transition Altitude.
4Memorize emergency squawk codes: Set 7700 for general emergencies, 7600 for two-way radio communications failure, and 7500 for unlawful interference/hijacking.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who administers the Private Pilot Licence examinations in Mongolia?

The Civil Aviation Authority of Mongolia (ИНЕГ / MCAA), headquartered in Ulaanbaatar, administers pilot licensing and theoretical knowledge examinations under Mongolian Civil Aviation Rule (CAR) Part 61.

What is the passing score for the MCAA PPL theoretical examinations?

Under CAR 61.17(b), the passing score is 70% in each subject paper. All required subjects must be passed within a 3-year period and the resulting examination credits remain valid for 3 years towards licence issue (CAR 61.17(c)-(d); AC61-1 Rev 4 §3.3).

What happens if a candidate fails a PPL subject examination three times?

Under CAR 61.17(e), if an applicant fails a subject examination three times within a period of 90 days, the applicant must wait 90 days from the date of the last failure before they may sit that subject examination again.

What are the eligibility requirements for a Mongolian PPL?

Under CAR 61.153(a), an applicant must be at least 18, hold a valid Class 1 or Class 2 medical certificate under CAR 67, and log at least 50 hours of flight experience (or 40 hours without cross-country privileges). They must also pass the six written subject examinations with at least 70% each and pass a flight test. AC61-3 accepts English language proficiency of at least ICAO Level 2 for the PPL.

What airspace classifications are used in Mongolia for VFR flight?

The Ulaanbaatar Flight Information Region (FIR) classifies airspace according to ICAO standards into Classes A, C, D, and G. Airspace classes B, E, and F are not used in Mongolia. VFR flights operate in Classes C, D, and G in visual meteorological conditions (VMC).

What are the mandatory VFR fuel reserves under Mongolian regulations?

CAR 91.305(a) requires an aeroplane on a VFR flight to carry enough fuel to reach the first point of intended landing at normal cruising speed and then fly for at least 30 more minutes by day, or 45 minutes at night. Helicopters need an extra 20 minutes under CAR 91.305(b).