MCAA Private Pilot Licence Theoretical Knowledge Examination (PPL, Mongolia)

Under CAR 61.17(b) (ИНД-61), what minimum score must a candidate achieve to pass a written examination required for a Mongolian pilot licence?

• A75%
• B80%
• C65%
• D70%

Under CAR 61.17(c), within what period must a PPL applicant pass every written examination needed for the PPL written examination credit?

• AWithin 12 months of the first examination
• BWithin 3 years of the first examination
• CWithin 5 years of the first examination
• DWithin 2 years of the first examination

A candidate passes the last required PPL subject on 10 June 2026, completing the written examination credit. Under CAR 61.17(d) and AC61-1 Rev 4 §3.3, until when may that credit be used towards licence issue?

• AUntil 10 June 2029
• BUntil 10 June 2027
• CUntil 10 June 2031
• DUntil 10 June 2036

A candidate fails the PPL Meteorology paper for the third time within 90 days. Under CAR 61.17(e), when may they next sit that subject?

• AAfter 30 days from the last failure
• BAfter 60 days from the last failure
• CAfter 90 days from the last failure
• DOnly after repeating the whole ground course

What is the minimum age for the issue of a Mongolian Private Pilot Licence under CAR 61.153(a)(1)?

• A17 years
• B18 years
• C16 years
• D21 years

Under CAR 61.153(a)(3), what minimum flight experience must a PPL(A) applicant have if they intend to exercise cross-country privileges?

• A40 hours
• B45 hours
• C50 hours
• D60 hours

Which medical certificate satisfies CAR 61.153(a)(2) for the issue of a Mongolian PPL?

• AA Class 3 certificate issued under CAR 67
• BA Class 1 certificate; Class 2 is not accepted
• CA self-declaration countersigned by an instructor
• DA current Class 1 or Class 2 certificate under CAR 67

A 32-year-old private pilot is issued a Class 2 medical certificate. Under CAR 67.61, what is the maximum period for which it may be issued?

• A60 months
• B24 months
• C12 months
• D48 months

A pilot with a current foreign PPL wants to fly Mongolian-registered aircraft for a few months without converting the licence. Which CAR 61 provision applies, and what does it require?

• ACAR 61.9 validation permit: air law exam and flight test; valid up to 1 year
• BCAR 61.10 conversion: issued on payment of the fee; valid for the holder's life
• CCAR 61.11 application: logbook check only; valid until the foreign licence expires
• DCAR 61.15 temporary licence: medical only; valid for 90 days

Under CAR 61.10, what must the holder of a current foreign PPL complete, besides holding a valid medical certificate, to convert it to a Mongolian PPL?

• AOnly the PPL Meteorology and Navigation papers
• BAll six PPL written papers regardless of experience
• CAn ICAO Level 6 English assessment only
• DThe Director-approved air law examination and a flight test

Under CAR 91.6(b), when is a person prohibited from acting as a crew member of an aircraft?

• AWithin 8 hours after drinking alcohol, or at 0.08% BAC or more
• BWithin 24 hours after drinking alcohol, or at any detectable BAC
• CWithin 12 hours after drinking alcohol, or at 0.04% BAC or more
• DWithin 12 hours after drinking alcohol, or at 0.08% BAC or more

Under CAR 91.305(a), what minimum fuel reserve must an aeroplane carry beyond the first point of intended landing on a VFR flight?

• ADay 20 minutes; night 30 minutes
• BDay 30 minutes; night 45 minutes
• CDay 45 minutes; night 60 minutes
• DDay 30 minutes; night 30 minutes

According to AIP Mongolia ENR 1.4, which ICAO airspace classes are used in the Ulaanbaatar FIR?

• AA, B, C and G
• BC, D, E and G
• CA, C, D and G
• DA, D, E and F

Under CAR 91.301 Table 4, what are the VFR minima for an aeroplane in Class G airspace at or below 3,000 ft AMSL or 1,000 ft above terrain, whichever is higher?

• A5 km visibility, clear of cloud and in sight of the surface
• B1,500 m visibility, clear of cloud and in sight of the surface
• C8 km visibility; 2 km horizontal and 1,000 ft vertical from cloud
• D5 km visibility; 2 km horizontal and 1,000 ft vertical from cloud

Under CAR 91.303, which conditions permit an aeroplane to fly Special VFR in a Mongolian control zone?

• ACloud base 1,000 ft and 3 km visibility, by day or night, with a transponder on
• BCloud base 600 ft and 1,500 m visibility, ATC clearance and two-way radio, by day only
• CVisibility 800 m and clear of cloud, without a clearance if squawking 7000
• DCloud base 1,500 ft and 5 km visibility, with a clearance and an IFR flight plan

Under CAR 91.311(a)(1), what is the minimum height for a VFR aeroplane over the congested area of a city, sum centre or settlement?

• A500 ft above the surface
• B500 ft above any obstacle within 150 m
• C1,500 ft above the highest obstacle within 1,000 m
• D1,000 ft above the surface or any obstacle within 600 m

Two aeroplanes are converging at about the same altitude over the steppe. Under CAR 91.229(c), which pilot must give way?

• AThe pilot of the faster aeroplane, which can manoeuvre more easily
• BThe pilot of the higher aeroplane, who has the better view below
• CThe pilot flying on a westerly heading, as for cruising levels
• DThe pilot who has the other aeroplane on their right

An aeroplane is overtaking a slower aircraft in flight. Which action does CAR 91.229(d) require?

• AThe aircraft being overtaken turns left to let the other pass
• BThe overtaking aircraft keeps clear, altering heading to the right
• CThe overtaking aircraft passes only below the other aircraft
• DThe overtaking aircraft has right of way because it is faster

An aeroplane in the circuit with a radio failure receives a steady red light from the tower. Under CAR 91.243 Table 1, what does it mean?

• AGive way to other aircraft and continue circling
• BAerodrome unsafe, do not land
• CReturn for landing; landing clearance to follow
• DLand at this aerodrome and proceed to the apron

Under CAR 91.111(a), which documents must be carried on board a Mongolian-registered aeroplane on a private VFR flight?

• AThe pilot's training syllabus and flight school records
• BThe aircraft purchase contract and customs papers
• CThe certificate of registration and certificate of airworthiness
• DThe complete airframe and engine maintenance manuals

Under CAR 12.51 and 12.53, what must the pilot-in-command do after an accident involving their aircraft in Mongolia?

• ANotify the insurer within 30 days; tell MCAA only if asked
• BNotify MCAA and the investigators at once; file form CA005 within 10 days
• CNotify the aimag governor within 48 hours for onward reporting
• DSend one written report to MCAA within 90 calendar days

Under CAR 61.29(g), by when must a pilot flying from their home base enter a completed flight in their pilot logbook?

• AWithin 48 hours
• BWithin 14 days
• CWithin 7 days
• DWithin 30 days

Under CAR 61.37(b), what recent experience does a PPL holder need to carry passengers by day?

• A1 take-off and landing within the last 30 days
• B3 take-offs and landings at night within 90 days
• CA biennial flight review within the last 12 months
• D3 take-offs and 3 landings by day within 90 days

Under CAR 61.39, within what period must a PPL holder have completed a biennial flight review to continue exercising licence privileges?

• AThe preceding 24 months
• BThe preceding 12 months
• CThe preceding 36 months
• DOnly after a 5-year break from flying

Under CAR 61.155(b), which flight may a Mongolian PPL holder NOT conduct as pilot-in-command?

• AA flight carried out for hire or reward
• BA private flight carrying friends as passengers
• CA cross-country flight after certified training
• DA night flight after certified night training

A VFR aeroplane cruises above 3,000 ft AMSL but below 13,000 ft in the Mongolian FIR on a magnetic track of 090°. Under CAR 91.313(a)(1), which cruising altitude is correct?

• A1,350 m
• B1,500 m
• C1,800 m
• D1,650 m

After flying 40 NM of a 100 NM leg, a pilot fixes their position 4 NM right of track. Using the 1-in-60 rule, what total heading change will take the aeroplane directly to the destination?

• A6° left
• B4° left
• C10° left
• D14° left

The tower reports a wind of 320° at 20 kt for a runway whose magnetic direction is 290°. What is the crosswind component?

• A17 kt
• B10 kt
• C14 kt
• D20 kt

An aerodrome on the Mongolian plateau has an elevation of 4,300 ft and the QNH is 1003 hPa. Using 30 ft per hPa, what is the aerodrome's approximate pressure altitude?

• AAbout 4,000 ft
• BAbout 4,300 ft
• CAbout 4,600 ft
• DAbout 4,900 ft

At an aerodrome with a pressure altitude of 4,500 ft, the outside air temperature is +30°C. Using 120 ft per °C of ISA deviation, what is the approximate density altitude?

• AAbout 7,400 ft
• BAbout 4,500 ft
• CAbout 5,900 ft
• DAbout 8,600 ft

An aeroplane's empty mass is 1,200 kg with its CG 850 mm aft of datum. Two occupants totalling 160 kg are seated at an arm of 900 mm. What are the new mass and CG position?

• A1,360 kg; CG 850.0 mm
• B1,360 kg; CG 855.9 mm
• C1,360 kg; CG 875.0 mm
• D1,200 kg; CG 855.9 mm

A true track measured on the chart is 085° and the local magnetic variation is 5° West. What is the magnetic track?

• A080°
• B085°
• C095°
• D090°

A day VFR leg of 120 NM is flown at a groundspeed of 90 kt in an aeroplane burning 32 litres per hour. Ignoring taxi and climb allowances, what is the minimum fuel that meets CAR 91.305(a)?

• A42.7 litres
• B50.7 litres
• C66.7 litres
• D58.7 litres

What is the main hazard of loading a light aeroplane so that its centre of gravity is aft of the approved aft limit?

• AHigher stall speed, heavy stick forces and a nose-heavy flare
• BReduced longitudinal stability, light stick forces and harder stall recovery
• CBetter stall recovery because the elevator has more authority
• DA longer take-off roll because the tailplane carries more download

An aeroplane departs at 08:15 UTC and passes waypoint Alpha, 30 NM away, at 08:35 UTC. At the same groundspeed, what is the ETA at waypoint Bravo, 45 NM beyond Alpha?

• A09:05 UTC (groundspeed 90 kt)
• B09:15 UTC (groundspeed 90 kt)
• C09:20 UTC (groundspeed 60 kt)
• D09:02 UTC (groundspeed 100 kt)

As a rule of thumb, take-off ground roll varies with the square of aeroplane mass. By about how much does the ground roll grow if the mass rises by 10%?

• AAbout 5% longer
• BAbout 10% longer
• CAbout 21% longer
• DNo change at full power

How does an upslope runway affect an aeroplane's take-off and landing ground rolls?

• ALonger take-off roll and longer landing roll
• BLonger take-off roll and shorter landing roll
• CShorter take-off roll and longer landing roll
• DShorter take-off roll and shorter landing roll

On a 1:500,000 aeronautical chart, a planned leg measures 10 cm. What is the ground distance?

• A25 km (about 13.5 NM)
• B100 km (about 54 NM)
• C50 km (about 27 NM)
• D5 km (about 2.7 NM)

Many aerodromes on the Mongolian plateau lie more than 1,000 m above sea level. What is the main performance concern when departing one of them on a hot summer afternoon?

• AMore engine power and a shorter take-off roll
• BLower stall speed because warm air gives more lift
• CThe altimeter over-reads, so obstacles seem higher
• DHigh density altitude: less power and a much longer roll

An aeroplane of 1,000 kg has its CG 1,000 mm aft of datum. What is the new CG if 50 kg of baggage is moved 1,000 mm forward within the aircraft?

• A950 mm
• B975 mm
• C1,025 mm
• D1,050 mm

What is the purpose of the compass deviation card fitted near an aeroplane's magnetic compass?

• AIt lists corrections for the aircraft's own magnetic fields on each heading
• BIt lists the chart variation to apply between true and magnetic
• CIt gives the drift correction needed for the forecast wind
• DIt lists the settings for aligning the heading indicator after start

Flying in Mongolia (Northern Hemisphere) on a heading of 270°, a pilot accelerates the aeroplane. How does the direct-reading magnetic compass respond during the acceleration?

• AIt shows an apparent turn towards the south
• BIt stays steady because acceleration errors occur only on north and south headings
• CIt shows an apparent turn to the east
• DIt shows an apparent turn towards the north

In the Northern Hemisphere, a pilot turns left from 030° to roll out on north using only the magnetic compass. When should the roll-out begin?

• AWhen the compass reads exactly 360°
• BAfter the compass passes 360° by about 30°
• CBefore the compass reads 360°, anticipating it lagging
• DOnly once the compass has stopped swinging on 360°

An aeroplane flies at 100 kt CAS at a pressure altitude of 9,000 ft, where the outside air temperature is ISA (about −3°C). Using a flight computer, what is its approximate true airspeed?

• A100 kt
• B115 kt
• C108 kt
• D127 kt

A pilot plans a departure from an aerodrome at a pressure altitude of 4,500 ft where the outside air temperature is +21°C. What are the ISA temperature at that level and the ISA deviation?

• AISA +15°C; deviation +6°C
• BISA +6°C; deviation −15°C
• CISA +6°C; deviation +15°C
• DISA +9°C; deviation +12°C

A pilot flies from an area of high pressure towards an area of low pressure without resetting the altimeter subscale. How does the altimeter indication compare with the aeroplane's true altitude?

• AIt reads higher than the true altitude
• BIt reads lower than the true altitude
• CIt reads correctly because the subscale compensates
• DIt reads correctly provided the flight is level

Strong, stable westerly winds blow across the Altai and Khangai ranges. What is the main hazard of the resulting mountain (lee) waves for a light aeroplane?

• ASmooth, lasting lift that lets the aircraft reduce power safely
• BStrong lee-side downdrafts and severe rotor turbulence
• CVery dense air on the lee side causing engine overspeed
• DCalm air on the lee slope, raising the risk of dust devils

A METAR for Chinggis Khaan International Airport (ZMCK) contains the group 28015G27KT. What does it mean?

• AWind 280° magnetic at 15 kt, visibility 2.7 km
• BWind 280° true at 15 km/h, gusting 27 km/h
• CRunway 28 in use, wind 15 kt, crosswind 27 kt
• DWind from 280° true at 15 kt, gusting to 27 kt