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Sample Mongolian Bar Exam Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Mongolian Bar Exam exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1The State Great Hural (Улсын Их Хурал) is the highest organ of state power under Article 20 of the Constitution. Under Article 24, how are its Chair and Vice-Chairs chosen?
A.The President appoints both from among the members after consulting the party groups
B.Members elect them by secret ballot for a two-year term, renewable once
C.Members elect them by open vote, with a Vice-Chair from each party or coalition group
D.The largest party group names the Chair, and the Constitutional Tsets confirms it
Explanation: Article 24.1 provides that the Chair and Vice-Chairs are nominated and elected from among the members of the State Great Hural by open vote, and that a Vice-Chair is elected from each party or coalition group formed as a result of the election. Article 24.2 sets a four-year term for both offices, with early release or dismissal only on grounds set by law.
2Members of the 126-seat State Great Hural conclude that it can no longer exercise its powers. Under Article 22 of the Constitution, how may the Hural dissolve itself, and what follows?
A.By a vote of at least two-thirds of all members; an election is called within 10 days and held within 60 days
B.By a simple majority of members present; the President then governs by decree until the next regular election
C.Only by a Constitutional Tsets ruling; the Government calls an election within six months
D.By a vote of three-quarters of all members; the Hural's powers end on the day of the vote
Explanation: Article 22.2 lets the State Great Hural decide to dissolve itself by a vote of at least two-thirds of all its members, where at least two-thirds of the members consider that it cannot exercise its powers, or where the President proposes it for the same reason after consulting the Chair. Article 22.4 then requires the Hural to call an election within 10 days and hold it within 60 days, and the Hural keeps its powers until the newly elected members take the oath.
3Under Article 21 of the Constitution of Mongolia, what are the minimum age for election to the State Great Hural and the length of a member's term?
A.21 years of age; a four-year term
B.25 years of age; a five-year term
C.30 years of age; a four-year term
D.25 years of age; a four-year term
Explanation: Article 21.3 provides that a citizen who has reached 25 years of age and has the right to vote may be elected, and Article 21.2 provides that members are elected for a four-year term by universal, free and direct suffrage by secret ballot.
4According to Article 26.1 of the Constitution, who has the right of legislative initiative?
A.Members of the State Great Hural and the Government only, not the President
B.The President, members of the State Great Hural, and the Government
C.The President, members of the State Great Hural, the Government, and the Supreme Court
D.Members of the State Great Hural, the Government, and the Prosecutor General
Explanation: Article 26.1 grants the right of legislative initiative to the President, members of the State Great Hural and the Government, with its scope and limits set by law. Courts and the Prosecutor General are not constitutional initiators of legislation.
5The President vetoes a law passed by the State Great Hural. Under Article 33.1.1 of the Constitution, what vote keeps the law in force despite the veto?
A.A simple majority of all members of the State Great Hural
B.Three-quarters of all members of the State Great Hural
C.Two-thirds of the members participating in the session who decline to accept the veto
D.Two-thirds of the full statutory membership of 126, including members absent from the session
Explanation: Article 33.1.1 lets the President veto a law or other decision in whole or in part; if two-thirds of the members participating in the session (чуулганд оролцсон нийт гишүүний гуравны хоёр) do not accept the veto, the law or decision remains in force.
6Under Article 30.2 of the Constitution as amended in 2019, which person meets the requirements to be elected President of Mongolia?
A.A naturalized citizen aged 50 who has lived in Mongolia for the last ten years
B.An indigenous citizen aged 52 who has permanently resided in Mongolia for at least the last five years
C.An indigenous citizen aged 46 who has permanently resided in Mongolia for the last six years without interruption
D.An indigenous citizen aged 55 who returned to Mongolia two years ago after living abroad
Explanation: Article 30.2 provides that an indigenous (уугуул) citizen of Mongolia who has reached 50 years of age and has permanently resided in Mongolia for at least the last five years is elected President for a single six-year term. Only the 52-year-old indigenous citizen with five years of residence meets every element.
7After a State Great Hural election in which one party wins a majority of seats, how is the Prime Minister put forward under Article 39.2 of the Constitution?
A.The President chooses any member of the State Great Hural and appoints that person by decree
B.The Chairman of the State Great Hural nominates the Prime Minister and the Hural confirms
C.The Prime Minister is elected by direct popular vote held on the same day as the State Great Hural election
D.The President must submit the majority party's nominee within five days for the Hural to appoint
Explanation: Article 39.2 requires the President to submit to the State Great Hural, within five days, the proposal to appoint as Prime Minister the person nominated by the party or coalition holding a majority of seats; the State Great Hural makes the appointment. The President has no free choice of nominee.
8Under Article 43.1 of the Constitution, what is needed to table and then pass a motion to dismiss the Prime Minister?
A.One quarter of members may propose it; it passes with a majority of all members
B.One third of members may propose it; it passes with two-thirds of members present
C.Only the President may propose it; it passes with a majority of members present
D.One fifth of members may propose it; it passes with a majority of members present
Explanation: Article 43.1 provides that if at least one quarter of the members of the State Great Hural formally propose dismissal, the Hural begins debate after three days and decides within ten days; the resolution is deemed adopted if a majority of all members support it, and a new Prime Minister must be appointed within 30 days. Under Article 43.2 the whole Government resigns with the Prime Minister.
9Under Article 10 of the Constitution, when does an international treaty of Mongolia operate as domestic legislation?
A.Only after the Constitutional Tsets issues a formal finding that the treaty fully conforms to the Constitution
B.When the law on its ratification or accession enters into force, unless it conflicts with the Constitution
C.Only after the Government adopts a separate implementing regulation for each treaty provision
D.Immediately upon signature by the President, whether or not the State Great Hural ratifies it
Explanation: Article 10.3 provides that Mongolia's international treaties become effective as domestic legislation once the laws on their ratification or accession enter into force. Article 10.4 adds that Mongolia shall not observe any international treaty or other document that is incompatible with its Constitution.
10During a declared state of emergency, the State Great Hural restricts several human rights by law. Under Article 19.2 of the Constitution, which rights may such a law NOT affect?
A.Freedom of movement, choice of residence, and the right to travel abroad
B.Freedom of peaceful assembly, freedom of the press, and freedom of expression
C.The right to strike, the right to form associations, and the right to petition
D.The right to life, freedom of belief and religion, and freedom from torture or cruel treatment
Explanation: Article 19.2 allows human rights to be restricted only by law during a state of emergency or war, but such a law may not affect the right to life, freedom of belief and to worship or not to worship, or the provisions prohibiting torture and inhuman or cruel treatment.

About the Mongolian Bar Exam Exam

The Mongolian Bar Examination (Хуульчийн мэргэжлийн шалгалт) is the annual professional examination that anyone seeking a license to practise law in Mongolia must pass. The Mongolian Bar Association runs it under the Law on the Legal Status of Lawyers. These independent English-language practice questions cover the Constitution, civil law and procedure, criminal law and procedure, administrative law and procedure, and the status and ethics of lawyers. The bank is a study adaptation, not an official translation or format simulation.

Exam sponsor: Mongolian Bar Association (Монголын Хуульчдын холбоо). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

The Mongolian Bar Association holds the Lawyer Professional Examination once a year under the Law on the Legal Status of Lawyers and the Bar's examination regulation. The test stage has 200 four-option questions in 200 minutes and covers the Constitution, administrative, criminal and civil law, their procedure, and professional ethics. Candidates who score at least 60% of the test points go on to three case problems of 150 minutes each: (1) constitutional law, Constitutional Tsets procedure, administrative law and administrative case procedure; (2) criminal law and criminal procedure; (3) civil law and civil procedure. Candidates may consult the legislation on legalinfo.mn during the case problems. A combined score of at least 70% is required to pass, and results are published within five working days. The exam is conducted in Mongolian.

Time Limit

Test: 200 minutes; each of 3 case problems: 150 minutes; the exam runs over three days

Passing Score

At least 70% of total points (70 of 100) overall (Law on the Legal Status of Lawyers §16.4); at least 60% of the 40 test points (24) is needed to sit the case problems (§16.3)

Exam / Certification Fees

Registration fee set by the Mongolian Bar Association Council (Bar Examination Regulation §4.2.5); reported as 50,000 MNT in 2020 and not stated in the 2026 exam notice

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

Not published

Constitutional Law & Constitutional Tsets Procedure (Үндсэн хуулийн эрх зүй)

The Constitution of Mongolia: separation of powers, fundamental rights, property and land, the State Great Hural and the legislative process, the President, the Government, international treaties, states of emergency, the judiciary, constitutional amendments and review by the Constitutional Tsets (Үндсэн хуулийн цэц).

Not published

Administrative Law & Administrative Case Procedure (Захиргааны эрх зүй ба процесс)

The General Administrative Law: principles, administrative acts, hearings, invalidity, legitimate expectations, normative acts and administrative complaints; and the Law on Administrative Case Procedure: court jurisdiction, standing, pre-trial complaints, filing deadlines, evidence, judgments and appeals.

Not published

Criminal Law & Criminal Procedure (Эрүүгийн эрх зүй ба процесс)

The Criminal Code: principles, extradition, forms of guilt, classification of crimes, preparation and attempt, complicity, justifications, penalties, age of liability, limitation periods, and property, economic, money-laundering and corruption offences; and the Law on Criminal Procedure: presumption of innocence, procedural rights and counsel, courts and panels, arrest and detention, and evidence.

Not published

Civil Law & Civil Procedure (Иргэний эрх зүй ба процесс)

The Civil Code: legal capacity, validity and form of transactions, representation, limitation periods, transfer of ownership and state registration, secured transactions, contract remedies and penalties, tort and state liability, inheritance and wills; and the Law on Civil Procedure: jurisdiction and venue, evidence, trial procedure and appeals.

Not published

Legal Status of Lawyers & Professional Ethics (Хуульчийн эрх зүйн байдал, ёс зүй)

The Law on the Legal Status of Lawyers: exam eligibility and rules, Bar membership and licensing, the Bar Association, duties, confidentiality, conflicts of interest, discipline and license revocation; and lawyers' duties under the anti-money-laundering law.

Preparing for the Mongolian Bar Exam Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: At least 70% of total points (70 of 100) overall (Law on the Legal Status of Lawyers §16.4); at least 60% of the 40 test points (24) is needed to sit the case problems (§16.3)
  • Assessment: The Mongolian Bar Association holds the Lawyer Professional Examination once a year under the Law on the Legal Status of Lawyers and the Bar's examination regulation. The test stage has 200 four-option questions in 200 minutes and covers the Constitution, administrative, criminal and civil law, their procedure, and professional ethics. Candidates who score at least 60% of the test points go on to three case problems of 150 minutes each: (1) constitutional law, Constitutional Tsets procedure, administrative law and administrative case procedure; (2) criminal law and criminal procedure; (3) civil law and civil procedure. Candidates may consult the legislation on legalinfo.mn during the case problems. A combined score of at least 70% is required to pass, and results are published within five working days. The exam is conducted in Mongolian.
  • Time limit: Test: 200 minutes; each of 3 case problems: 150 minutes; the exam runs over three days
  • Exam / certification fees: Registration fee set by the Mongolian Bar Association Council (Bar Examination Regulation §4.2.5); reported as 50,000 MNT in 2020 and not stated in the 2026 exam notice Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the format and duration of the Mongolian Bar Examination?

The exam starts with a 200-question, four-option multiple-choice test taken in 200 minutes and worth 40 points. Candidates who reach 60% of the test points then write three case problems of 150 minutes each, worth 20 points each: constitutional and administrative law with their procedure, criminal law and procedure, and civil law and procedure. The whole exam runs over three days and is conducted in Mongolian.

What score is needed to pass the Mongolian Bar Exam?

Under Article 16 of the Law on the Legal Status of Lawyers, a candidate needs at least 60% of the test points to sit the case problems and at least 70% of the total points (70 of 100) to pass. Results are published within five working days of the exam.

Who can take the Mongolian Bar Exam?

Article 9.1 of the Law on the Legal Status of Lawyers allows graduates of a law school accredited by the Bar Association who have at least two years of professional practice to sit the exam. Mongolian citizens, foreign nationals and stateless persons are all eligible. The police no-conviction certificate and health certificate are required later, when a successful candidate applies for Bar membership.

When is the 2026 Mongolian Bar Exam?

The Mongolian Bar Association scheduled the 2026 exam for October 28–30, 2026 in Ulaanbaatar. Registration ran online at burtgel.mglbar.mn from August 14 to September 27, 2026.

How does this practice question bank relate to the official exam?

The official exam is written in Mongolian. These 100 questions are an independent English-language multiple-choice study adaptation of the laws the exam covers. They are not an official translation or a format simulation, and they do not reproduce official questions or case problems.