Test and M1 Rules
Not publishedof exam
Signs and Road Rules
Not publishedof exam
Motorcycle Controls
Not publishedof exam
Riding Strategy and Hazards
Not publishedof exam
Licence Progression
Not publishedof exam
Quick Facts
- Licence
- Class M1
- Owner
- Ontario MTO
- Minimum age
- 16 years
- Entry tests
- Vision + knowledge
- Pass mark
- At least 80%
- Timing
- Not timed
- Question count
- Not published
- M1 validity
- 90 days
- M2 test wait
- 60 days
- M1 package
- $78.75; checked August 2026
- Course tuition
- Varies by approved provider
M1 Four Limits
Zero — Daylight — 80 — Solo
Zero: alcohol and nonexempt drugsDaylight: riding window80: road ceilingSolo: no passenger
Knowledge vs Road Test
Knowledge
- Multiple choice
- Handbook facts
- DriveTest Centre
Road test
- Riding skills
- Bring motorcycle
- Seasonal availability
Know rules vs demonstrate skills
Knowledge Test Picker
- Need official study source→Both MTO handbooks
- Ready for M1 testing→Visit DriveTest Centre
- Prefer paper→Any DriveTest Centre
- Prefer computer→Check centre availability
- Need kiosk audio→Tell agent first
- Need verbal accommodation→Arrange appointment
- Near closing time→Arrive one hour early
- Need exact fee→Check live fee page
- Unsuccessful section→Pay and retry
- Retry within one year→Retake failed sections
- Vision + knowledge passed→Receive Class M1
Test Facts
- Subject scope
- Signs, motorcycles, road rules
- Question style
- Multiple choice
- Official item count
- Not published
- Domain weights
- Not published
- Time limit
- None; office closing controls
- Passing mark
- At least 80% total
- Paper testing
- Every DriveTest Centre
- Computer testing
- Some DriveTest Centres
- Appointment
- Not required
- Results
- Marked immediately
- Result validity
- One year
- Retry within year
- Failed sections only
- Current fee
- Check live fee page
- Study sources
- Both official MTO handbooks
M1 Ride Picker
- BAC above zero→Do not ride
- Nonexempt drug detected→Do not ride
- Outside daylight window→Do not ride
- Passenger aboard→Do not ride
- Helmet required but noncompliant→Do not ride
- Road limit 80 or less→M1 may ride
- Road limit above 80→Check named exceptions
- Highway is listed→M1 exception applies
- M1 still under 60 days→Keep practising
- M1 reached 60 days→M2 test eligible
- M1 has expired→Restart licensing process
Current Official Fees
- M1 package
- $78.75; checked August 2026
- Package contents
- Knowledge, M2 road test, 90-day licence
- Course-path DriveTest charges
- Knowledge and 90-day licence only
- Course-path knowledge fee
- $16; checked August 2026
- Course-path licence fee
- $9; checked August 2026
- Approved-course tuition
- Varies by approved provider
- Class M road test
- $91.25; checked August 2026
- Fee caveat
- Verify before payment
M1 Restrictions
- Blood alcohol
- Zero
- Daylight riding starts
- Half-hour before sunrise
- Daylight riding ends
- Half-hour after sunset
- Novice drug rule
- Zero tolerance; medical-use exception
- Passengers
- Prohibited
- Road ceiling
- 80 km/h generally
- Named exceptions
- 11,17,61,69,71,101,102,144,655
- Helmet
- Approved; legal exemption possible
- Licence term
- 90 days
- Minimum M1 hold
- 60 days
- Expired M1
- Restart licensing process
- Carry while riding
- Licence, registration, insurance
Line Colours
Yellow opposes; white flows together
Yellow: oppositeWhite: same-waySolid: unsafe passingBroken: pass if clear
Stop vs Yield
Stop
- Complete halt
- Check all directions
- Proceed when safe
Yield
- Slow and assess
- Stop if necessary
- Give right-of-way
Mandatory halt vs conditional halt
Sign Language
- Stop
- Red octagon
- Yield
- Downward triangle
- General warning
- Yellow diamond
- Temporary condition
- Orange diamond
- Prohibition
- Red circle + slash
- Permission
- Green circle
- Railway crossing
- Red-white X
- School-zone speed
- Obey flashing posted limit
- Directions
- Green background
- Services
- Blue background
Flashing Red vs Yellow
Flashing red
- Complete stop
- Proceed when safe
Flashing yellow
- Use caution
- Stop only if needed
Stop vs caution
Lights and Markings
- Solid red
- Complete stop
- Right on red
- Stop; yield; check prohibition
- Solid amber
- Stop when safely possible
- Solid green
- Proceed when clear
- Flashing red
- Stop; proceed when safe
- Flashing yellow
- Proceed cautiously
- Blank signals
- Use all-way-stop rules
- Yellow lines
- Opposite directions
- White lines
- Same direction
- Solid line left
- Unsafe to pass
- Broken line left
- Pass if clear
- White lane arrow
- Only indicated direction
Yellow vs White Lines
Yellow
- Opposite directions
- Left line guides passing
White
- Same direction
- Lane boundaries
Opposing vs same-way traffic
Right-of-Way
- Uncontrolled intersection
- Yield vehicle from right
- All-way stop
- First stopped goes first
- Tied arrivals
- Left yields right
- Left turn
- Yield oncoming traffic
- Roundabout entry
- Yield circulating traffic
- Pedestrian crossover
- Wait until pedestrian fully crosses
- School bus, red lights
- Stop at least 20 metres
- School bus, divided road
- Opposite side may proceed
- Streetcar, no island
- Stop two metres behind rear doors
- Transit bus leaving bay
- Yield in built-up area when signalled
- Emergency vehicle
- Pull right and stop
- Stopped responder
- Slow; move over safely
Brake vs Swerve
Brake
- Motorcycle upright
- Both brakes
- Progressive pressure
Swerve
- Two countersteers
- No braking while swerving
- Clear obstacle
Separate the traction demands
Brake-or-Swerve Picker
- Enough stopping room→Brake upright
- Geared bike; shortest stop→Clutch + both brakes
- Wheel locks→Release momentarily
- Wheel rolls again→Reapply below lock
- Cannot stop in time→Release brakes; swerve
- Swerving around obstacle→Two countersteers
- Still leaned→Do not brake
- Upright after swerve→Brake if needed
Primary Controls
- Throttle
- Right hand
- Front brake
- Right-hand lever
- Rear brake
- Right-foot pedal
- Clutch
- Left-hand lever
- Shift lever
- Left foot
- Front braking share
- About three-quarters
- Normal braking
- Use both brakes
- Engine braking
- Brake light stays dark
- Cut-off switch
- Stops engine quickly
- Owner's manual
- Control-layout authority
- Headlight + tail light
- Always on
Pre-Ride Check
- Tires
- Pressure, tread, damage
- Wheels
- Damage and looseness
- Brakes
- Test each separately
- Throttle
- Moves freely; returns
- Steering
- Smooth full travel
- Clutch and cables
- Correct operation; no damage
- Lights
- Headlight, tail, brake, signals
- Mirrors
- Clean and adjust
- Horn
- Working
- Fluids
- Correct levels; no leaks
- Drive system
- Follow owner's manual
- Stands
- Secure and retracting
- Fasteners
- Present and tight
Braking and Curves
- Quick stop, geared bike
- Clutch + both brakes
- Brake input
- Quick and smooth
- Wheel lock
- Release; roll; reapply
- Threshold braking
- Just before wheel lock
- ABS
- Learn controlled response
- Curve entry
- Slow before leaning
- Vision
- Look through turn
- Countersteer
- Press turn-side grip
- Mid-curve throttle
- Smooth and steady
- Target fixation
- Look toward escape
- Swerve
- Two quick countersteers
- Brake while swerving
- Never combine
Lane Change Sequence
Mirror — Signal — Shoulder — Move — Cancel
Mirror: trafficSignal: communicateShoulder: blind spotMove: smoothlyCancel: immediately
Mirror vs Shoulder Check
Mirror
- Traffic behind
- Frequent scan
- Blind spot remains
Shoulder
- Blind spot
- Before lateral movement
- Quick direct look
Rear view vs blind spot
Hazard Picker
- Slippery patch ahead→Slow before it
- Already on slippery patch→Coast upright
- Crossing parallel rails→Angle at least 45°
- Crossing perpendicular rails→Hold normal path
- Grooved pavement wanders→Relax; ride smoothly
- Loose gravel→Use firmer tracks
- Tailgater closes in→Increase forward gap
- Moving laterally→Shoulder check
- Stopping behind vehicle→Leave escape space
- Visibility becomes poor→Increase all space
Space and Position
- Tire tracks
- Usually improve traction and visibility
- Lane centre
- Oilier; slippery when wet
- Curb lane
- Use left tire track
- Passing lane
- Use right tire track
- Following gap
- At least two seconds
- Look ahead
- 12–15 seconds
- Mirror scan
- Every 5–10 seconds
- Blind spot
- Shoulder check
- Stopped gap
- About one motorcycle length
- Lane splitting
- Do not do it
- Tailgater
- Increase forward space
- Escape path
- Keep one available
Slippery Surface
Slow early — Upright — Coast
Slow beforeAvoid turningClutch inStay off brakes
Perpendicular vs Parallel Rails
Perpendicular
- Normal path usually works
- Stay upright
- Avoid braking
Parallel
- Cross distinctly
- At least 45°
- Avoid edging
Across normally vs angle across
Low-Traction Surfaces
- Slippery approach
- Slow before surface
- On slippery surface
- Do not brake
- Geared motorcycle
- Clutch in; coast
- Uneven surface
- Upright; avoid turning
- Absorb bumps
- Rise slightly
- Gravel
- Use firmer tire tracks
- Perpendicular rails
- Path change usually unnecessary
- Parallel rails
- Cross at least 45°
- Tracks
- Avoid braking or shifting
- Grooves and gratings
- Gentle grip; ride smoothly
- Wet wood or ice
- Nearly impossible balance
- Construction
- Expect ruts and mud
Passengers, Cargo, Groups
- Passenger under M1
- Illegal
- M2 passenger
- Permitted; moped excluded
- Passenger feet
- Remain on footrests
- Passenger body
- Lean with motorcycle
- Added weight
- Slower responses
- Cargo location
- Low and forward
- Cargo balance
- Even side-to-side
- Cargo security
- Fasten securely
- Staggered group
- Straight roads
- Single file
- Curves and poor visibility
- Group passing
- One rider at time
- Rider pace
- Stay within personal skill
Licence Timeline
M1 — 60 — M2 — 22/18 — M
M1: 90 days60: exit wait22: standard18: approved course
M1 vs M2
M1
- Daylight only
- No passengers
- 80 ceiling; named exceptions
M2
- Night permitted
- Passengers; moped exception
- Any public road
Restricted learner vs experienced novice
Licence Path Picker
- Applicant under 16→Wait to apply
- Vision + knowledge passed→Enter M1
- No approved course→Take M2 road test
- Approved Level One passed→Wait until day 60
- Day 60; M1 remains valid→Apply at DriveTest
- Proof reaches six months→Course result expires
- M1 expires before upgrade→Restart licensing process
- Standard M2 path→Wait 22 months
- Approved-course M2 path→Wait 18 months
- M2 wait completed→Book Class M test
- Taking Class M test→Expect highway component
- M2 nears five years→Finish or requalify
M1-to-M Path
- M1 entry
- Vision + knowledge passed
- M1 exit
- Class M2 road test
- M1 exit wait
- At least 60 days
- Approved Level One course
- Includes Level One road test
- DriveTest road test
- Not required after successful course
- Course proof
- Use within six months
- Standard M2 wait
- 22 months
- Course-reduced wait
- 18 months
- M2 maximum
- Five years
- Class M test
- Includes highway component
- Road-test season
- Mid-May–mid-October, weather permitting
- Road-test retake
- Wait at least three days
- Passed test result
- Apply within 12 months
- Full-speed test result
- Standard M2 or M
- Three-wheel test bike
- M-condition licence
- LSM or moped
- L-condition licence
M2(L) vs M2(M)
M2(L)
- LSM or moped
- No controlled-access highways
- No full-speed motorcycle
M2(M)
- Three-wheeled only
- No two-wheeled motorcycle
- Vehicle-based condition
Limited-speed vs three-wheeled
Common Traps
Official test count
Ontario publishes no count ≠ Practice counts are unofficial
Test timing
No formal time limit ≠ Office closing still controls
Road ceiling exceptions
Over 80 generally barred ≠ Nine highways are excepted
Mirror vs blind spot
Mirror checks behind ≠ Shoulder checks beside
Engine vs brake light
Engine braking slows ≠ Brake light stays dark
Course vs upgrade
Course completion alone ≠ Timely licence application
M1 vs passenger
Passenger equipment may exist ≠ M1 passenger remains illegal
Solid vs broken
Solid means unsafe passing ≠ Broken permits when clear
Brake vs swerve
Brake while upright ≠ Never brake while swerving
Rails crossing
Perpendicular usually straight ≠ Parallel requires 45° minimum
M2 vs full M
M2 keeps zero BAC ≠ Full M ends novice stage
Last Minute
- 1.Study both official MTO handbooks
- 2.Question count = Not published
- 3.Pass mark = at least 80%
- 4.Knowledge test = not timed
- 5.M1 valid 90 days
- 6.M2 test after 60 days
- 7.M1 BAC = zero
- 8.M1 = daylight riding only
- 9.M1 = no passengers
- 10.M1 road ceiling = 80 km/h
- 11.Memorize nine highway exceptions
- 12.Approved helmet unless legally exempt
- 13.Yellow = opposite; white = same-way
- 14.Flashing red = stop
- 15.Flashing yellow = caution
- 16.Right-on-red requires complete stop
- 17.Use both brakes
- 18.Front brake supplies about three-quarters
- 19.Engine braking gives no brake light
- 20.Follow at least two seconds
- 21.Look ahead 12–15 seconds
- 22.Shoulder-check before lateral movement
- 23.Never brake while swerving
- 24.Parallel rails = at least 45°
- 25.M2: 22 months; course: 18
- 26.Verify current fees before attending
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