Legal Authority
Not publishedof exam
Continuous Assessment
Not publishedof exam
Communication + De-escalation
Not publishedof exam
Restraint + Medical Safety
Not publishedof exam
Reporting + Accountability
Not publishedof exam
Quick Facts
- Program
- JIBC AST
- Purpose
- Restraint endorsement
- Course
- 24 hours
- Success
- 75% minimum
- Assessment
- Theory understanding
- Renewal
- Every 3 years
- Authorization
- Registrar required
- Approved device
- Metal chain-link handcuffs
- Domain weights
- Not published
Lawful Intervention Scan
- Authority uncertain→Observe and report(Avoid detention)
- Lawful arrest exists→State arrest reason(Use minimum control)
- Force considered→Check necessity(Lawful purpose first)
- Threat decreases→Reduce response(No punishment)
- Citizen arrest made→Call police(Deliver forthwith)
- Medical distress appears→Prioritize care(Request EMS)
AST Pathway
- AST
- Advanced Security Training
- Course length
- 24 hours
- Successful completion
- Minimum 75%
- Assessment
- Evaluates theory understanding
- Renewal
- Every three years
- Training provider
- JIBC-approved instructor
- Course tuition
- Ask approved instructor
Arrest vs Punishment
Lawful arrest
- Legal authority
- Safety purpose
- Police delivery
Punishment
- No legal purpose
- Retaliatory force
- Never authorized
Control never retaliation
Reasonable Force vs Excess
Reasonable force
- Lawful purpose
- Necessary amount
- Stops with threat
Excess force
- Beyond necessity
- Continues after control
- Creates liability
Need ends force ends
Force Limits
- Section 25
- Necessary force protection
- Section 26
- Excess creates responsibility
- Section 34
- Defence of person
- Section 35
- Defence of property
- Lawful purpose
- Required before force
- Threat ends
- Force must reduce
- Core test
- Lawful necessary reasonable
APA Loop
Assess, Plan, Act, then reassess
Assess: totalityPlan: lawful optionAct: controlled response
Continuous Response Scan
- Subject cooperative→Clear communication
- Passive refusal→Time and dialogue
- Active resistance→Reassess lawful options
- Assaultive behaviour→Protect and disengage
- Weapon indicators→Distance and police
- Conditions change→Assess Plan Act
Assess Plan Act
- Assess
- Observe total situation
- Plan
- Choose lawful response
- Act
- Apply then reassess
- Framework
- Decision aid only
- Model shape
- Dynamic not linear
- Situational factors
- Modify every decision
- Perception factors
- Affect judgment
Subject Behaviour
- Cooperative
- Follows lawful direction
- Passive resistance
- Refusal without physical action
- Active resistance
- Non-assaultive physical resistance
- Assaultive
- Attempts physical harm
- Grievous harm threat
- Serious injury or death
- Behaviour changes
- Response must change
- Verbal refusal
- Not automatically assaultive
LEAPS Listening
Listen, Empathize, Ask, Paraphrase, Summarize
Listen fullyEmpathize emotionAsk clearlyParaphrase meaningSummarize agreement
De-escalate vs Disengage
De-escalate
- Dialogue remains safe
- Create voluntary compliance
- Use calm clarity
Disengage
- Immediate danger
- Create safe distance
- Call police
Safety decides communication window
Active Listening
- Listen
- Stop rehearsing replies
- Empathize
- Acknowledge emotion
- Ask
- Use clarifying questions
- Paraphrase
- Restate core message
- Summarize
- Confirm shared understanding
- Tone
- Calm clear respectful
- False promises
- Damage trust
Crisis Recognition
- Cognitive inability
- Cannot process directions
- Intentional refusal
- Chooses non-compliance
- Simple directions
- Reduce cognitive load
- Time and distance
- Create safer options
- Weapon cue
- Disengage call police
- Severe agitation
- Possible medical crisis
- Medical concern
- Request emergency help
ABC Monitoring
Airway, Breathing, Consciousness never stop
Airway openBreathing adequateConsciousness monitored
Resistance vs Medical Crisis
Resistance
- Behaviour assessment
- Lawful response only
- Reassess continuously
Medical crisis
- Breathing changes
- Sudden quiet
- Emergency care
Medical signs override control goals
Post-Restraint Safety Scan
- Cuffs applied→Check then double-lock
- Subject prone→Reposition promptly
- Breathing complaint→Treat seriously
- Consciousness drops→Activate emergency care
- Police arrive→Transfer and brief
- Incident stabilizes→Record force event
Restraint Checks
- Necessity
- Restraint needs lawful purpose
- Tightness
- Check promptly
- Double lock
- Prevent further tightening
- Prone position
- Reposition promptly
- Breathing
- Monitor continuously
- Circulation
- Recheck after application
- Complaint
- Assess never dismiss
Medical Monitoring
- Airway
- Keep unobstructed
- Breathing distress
- Medical emergency
- Sudden quiet
- Possible collapse
- Cyanosis
- Emergency warning
- Loss of consciousness
- Activate emergency care
- Chest pressure
- Avoid restraint compression
- Ongoing struggle
- Raises medical risk
Safety Search + Custody
- Search authority
- Must be lawful
- Safety purpose
- Find dangerous items
- Evidence hunt
- Not search purpose
- Subject control
- Maintain throughout
- Police transfer
- Brief relevant facts
- Property transfer
- Document custody
- Medical need
- Overrides routine search
FACT Report
Facts, Actions, Conditions, Time
Facts observedActions takenConditions assessedTime recorded
Fact vs Opinion
Fact
- Observed behaviour
- Exact words
- Specific time
Opinion
- Unsupported label
- Assumed motive
- Emotional conclusion
Describe do not diagnose
Use-of-Force Record
- Every force event
- Keep a record
- SPD0513
- Standard report form
- Business-employed worker
- Give report manager
- Automatic Registrar filing
- Not generally required
- Subject behaviour
- Describe observed actions
- Force rationale
- Explain lawful purpose
- Medical aid
- Record response
- Witnesses
- Identify contact details
Objective Notes
- Facts
- Observable details
- Opinions
- Label or omit
- Chronology
- Sequence actions clearly
- Direct quotes
- Preserve exact words
- Corrections
- Keep original legible
- Timeliness
- Document promptly
- Stress effects
- Can distort memory
Common Traps
Course pass vs carry
AST proves training ≠ Registrar grants authorization
Assessment score vs weight
75% completion standard ≠ Domain weights unpublished
Refusal vs assault
Verbal refusal may resist ≠ Assault threatens harm
Quiet vs safe
Sudden quiet may collapse ≠ Keep medical monitoring
Restraint vs punishment
Restraint controls danger ≠ Punishment never authorized
Record vs automatic filing
Keep every force report ≠ Registrar filing not automatic
AST renewal vs licence
Training requalifies triennially ≠ Licence has separate status
Last Minute
- 1.AST course = 24 hours
- 2.Successful completion = 75%
- 3.Weights = Not published
- 4.Assessment checks theory understanding
- 5.Registrar grants restraint authorization
- 6.Authorization renews every three years
- 7.Only metal chain-link handcuffs
- 8.Arrested person goes police forthwith
- 9.Assess Plan Act continuously
- 10.Force ends when need ends
- 11.Reposition; monitor airway and breathing
- 12.Every force event needs records
- 13.Facts beat opinions
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