Chronic Diseases
20%of exam
DiabetesHypertensionCOPD and AsthmaThyroid DiseaseChronic Kidney Disease
Acute and Common Medical Problems
14%of exam
InfectionsPneumoniaGI ComplaintsAnaemiaStroke and Headache
Emergency Problems
10%of exam
ResuscitationAnaphylaxisACS and STEMISepsisTrauma ABCDE
Common Pediatric Problems
9%of exam
Bronchiolitis and CroupFebrile SeizuresVaccination ScheduleMilestonesNeonatal Jaundice
Women Health
8%of exam
Antenatal ProblemsContraceptionMenstrual DisordersEctopic PregnancyPre-eclampsia
Common Surgical Problems
8%of exam
Acute AbdomenHerniasTesticular TorsionAAA
Common Psychiatric Problems
6%of exam
Depression and AnxietySuicide RiskDeliriumAddiction
Common Eye and ENT Problems
5%of exam
Red EyeAcute GlaucomaOtitis MediaVertigo
Common Derma Problems
5%of exam
Acne and PsoriasisSkin InfectionsInfestationsSkin Cancer
Family Medicine Concepts
4%of exam
Continuity of CareBiopsychosocial ModelImmunisationHealth Promotion
Screening and Periodic Health Examination
4%of exam
Cancer ScreeningCV Risk AssessmentPeriodic Health ChecksPrevention Levels
Basic Epidemiology and EBM Concepts
4%of exam
Sensitivity and SpecificityNNTStudy DesignAttack Rate
Professionalism, Ethics and Patient Safety
3%of exam
ConsentConfidentialitySafeguardingUAE Regulations
Quick Facts
- Exam
- DHA GP (GEN5331)
- Credential
- DHA GP License
- Body
- Dubai Health (DHA)
- Questions
- 150 single-best-answer MCQs
- Time
- 3 hours (180 min)
- Pass
- 60% overall
- Format
- CBT, no negative marking
- Delivery
- Prometric test centers
DKA Diagnostic Triad
Hyperglycaemia plus ketosis plus metabolic acidosis confirms DKA
Glucose usually >13.9Ketones in blood/urinepH <7.3 or bicarb low
Asthma vs COPD
Asthma
- Young onset, episodic
- Reversible airflow obstruction
- Atopy history common
COPD
- Smoker, age >40
- Progressive, less reversible
- Chronic productive cough
Reversibility favours asthma
Hypertension Drug Picker
- Diabetic with albuminuria→ACE inhibitor or ARB
- Black African-Caribbean patient→CCB first-line
- Age <55 non-Black→ACE inhibitor or ARB
- Age ≥55 or Black patient→Calcium channel blocker
- Resistant on 3 drugs→Add spironolactone (step 4)
- Heart failure present→ACE inhibitor + beta-blocker
Diabetes Targets and Drugs
- HbA1c goal
- <7% most adults
- Fasting glucose
- 4.4-7.2 mmol/L
- First-line drug
- Metformin unless contraindicated
- ASCVD add-on
- SGLT2i or GLP-1 RA
- Hypoglycaemia Rx
- 15-20g fast-acting carbs
- DKA triad
- Hyperglycaemia, ketosis, acidosis
Type 1 vs Type 2 Diabetes
Type 1
- Autoimmune beta-cell loss
- Insulin always required
- Often young, thin
Type 2
- Insulin resistance
- Metformin first-line
- Often older, overweight
Insulin dependence differs
Hypertension and Lipid Targets
- BP target general
- <140/90 mmHg office
- BP target diabetic/CKD
- <130/80 mmHg
- Diabetic + albuminuria HTN
- ACE inhibitor or ARB
- Statin intensity
- High-intensity if ASCVD
- 10-yr risk threshold
- >10% start statin
- Resistant HTN 4th drug
- Add spironolactone
COPD, Asthma, CKD and Thyroid
- Asthma step-up trigger
- SABA >2x/week
- Asthma controller 1st-line
- Low-dose ICS
- LABA rule
- Never without ICS
- COPD step-up
- Add LAMA to LABA
- CKD stage 3
- eGFR 30-59
- Hypothyroid 1st-line
- Levothyroxine, titrate TSH
CURB-65 Pneumonia Severity
Confusion, Urea>7, Resp≥30, BP low, Age≥65
C: confusionU: urea >7R: resp rate ≥30B: BP <90/6065: age ≥65
Infections and Antibiotics
- CAP mild outpatient
- Amoxicillin or macrolide
- CURB-65 score ≥2
- Consider hospital admission
- Uncomplicated UTI women
- Nitrofurantoin 5 days
- Strep throat Centor ≥3
- Consider antibiotics/rapid test
- Cellulitis 1st-line
- Flucloxacillin or cephalexin
- Penicillin allergy alt
- Macrolide or clindamycin
GI, Neuro and Anaemia
- Iron-deficiency anaemia clue
- Microcytic, low ferritin
- B12 deficiency clue
- Macrocytic, neuropathy
- FAST stroke screen
- Face, arm, speech, time
- Thrombolysis window
- <4.5 hours onset
- H. pylori therapy
- PPI + 2 antibiotics
- Red-flag headache
- Thunderclap onset, worst-ever
ABCDE Primary Survey
Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure in order
A: airwayB: breathingC: circulationD: disabilityE: exposure
STEMI vs NSTEMI
STEMI
- ST elevation on ECG
- Urgent PCI/thrombolysis
NSTEMI
- ST depression or T-wave inversion
- Troponin rise, no elevation
ECG elevation drives urgency
Chest Pain Triage Logic
- ST elevation on ECG→STEMI, urgent PCI
- ST depression/troponin rise→NSTEMI pathway
- Normal ECG, high risk→Serial troponin, observe
- Tearing pain, unequal pulses→Suspect aortic dissection
- Pleuritic pain, risk factors→Consider PE, Wells score
- Reproducible on palpation→Likely musculoskeletal
Resuscitation and ABCDE
- Adult compression rate
- 100-120 per minute
- Compression:ventilation ratio
- 30:2 single rescuer
- Compression depth
- 5-6 cm adult
- Shockable rhythms
- VF and pulseless VT
- Adrenaline in ALS
- 1mg IV every 3-5min
- ABCDE order
- Airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure
Anaphylaxis, Toxicology and Environment
- Anaphylaxis 1st-line
- IM adrenaline 0.5mg
- Adrenaline site/dose
- Anterolateral thigh, 1:1000
- Paracetamol overdose antidote
- N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
- Opioid overdose antidote
- Naloxone IV/IM
- Benzodiazepine overdose antidote
- Flumazenil (caution)
- Heat stroke key sign
- Core temp >40°C
ACS Recognition and Immediate Rx
- Inferior STEMI leads
- II, III, aVF
- Inferior STEMI artery
- Right coronary artery
- Anterior STEMI leads
- V1-V4
- Anterior STEMI artery
- Left anterior descending
- Lateral STEMI leads
- I, aVL, V5-V6
- Lateral STEMI artery
- Left circumflex artery
- ACS immediate aspirin
- 300mg chewed, loading dose
- STEMI reperfusion goal
- PCI within 90-120 minutes
UAE Vaccination Schedule
- Birth
- BCG + Hepatitis B
- 2 & 4 months
- Hexavalent, PCV13, Rotavirus
- 6 months
- Hexavalent, bOPV, PCV13
- 12 months
- MMR dose 1
- 18 months
- MMR + DTaP booster
- 4-6 years
- School-entry boosters
- Vitamin K
- IM at birth
Pediatric Emergencies and Illness
- Bronchiolitis peak age
- 3-6 months, RSV
- Croup sign
- Barking cough, stridor
- Epiglottitis red flag
- Drooling, tripod, toxic
- Febrile seizure typical
- 6mo-5yr, <15min
- Kawasaki fever rule
- ≥5 days plus 4 criteria
- Neonatal jaundice concern
- Onset <24 hours
Pediatric Developmental Milestones
- Social smile
- 6-8 weeks age
- Sits unsupported
- 6 months age
- Walks independently
- 12-15 months age
- First words
- ~12 months age
- 2-word phrases
- 18-24 months age
- Stranger anxiety onset
- 6-9 months age
Women's Health Essentials
- Ectopic pregnancy classic triad
- Amenorrhoea, pain, bleeding
- Pre-eclampsia definition
- BP≥140/90 + proteinuria
- Pre-eclampsia onset
- After 20 weeks gestation
- Gestational diabetes screen
- OGTT 24-28 weeks
- Rhesus prophylaxis
- Anti-D if RhD-negative
- PID empirical therapy
- Doxycycline + ceftriaxone + metronidazole
Acute Abdominal Pain Picker
- RIF pain, rebound, fever→Appendicitis
- RUQ pain after fatty food→Cholecystitis/biliary colic
- Colicky pain, distension, vomiting→Bowel obstruction
- Sudden testicular pain, teen→Testicular torsion, urgent surgery
- Pulsatile mass, hypotension→Ruptured AAA, urgent imaging
- Epigastric pain radiating to back→Pancreatitis, check lipase
Common Surgical Emergencies
- Appendicitis classic sign
- McBurney's point tenderness
- Cholecystitis sign
- Murphy's sign positive
- Testicular torsion urgency
- Explore within 6 hours
- AAA rupture triad
- Pain, hypotension, pulsatile mass
- Bowel obstruction signs
- Distension, vomiting, absolute constipation
- Inguinal vs femoral hernia
- Femoral below inguinal ligament
Delirium vs Dementia
Delirium
- Acute onset, hours-days
- Fluctuating consciousness
- Often reversible cause
Dementia
- Chronic onset, months-years
- Stable consciousness
- Progressive, usually irreversible
Onset speed is key
Psychiatric Assessment Essentials
- Suicide risk key ask
- Plan, intent, means
- Delirium vs dementia
- Delirium acute, fluctuating
- Alcohol withdrawal timing
- 6-72 hours post-last-drink
- Delirium tremens risk
- Peaks 48-72 hours
- Withdrawal 1st-line drug
- Benzodiazepines (chlordiazepoxide)
- Panic disorder feature
- Recurrent unexpected panic attacks
Uveitis vs Conjunctivitis
Uveitis
- Painful, photophobia
- Ciliary flush, small pupil
- Vision often reduced
Conjunctivitis
- Gritty, discharge
- Diffuse redness
- Vision usually normal
Pain and photophobia differ
Red Eye Differential Picker
- Painful, fixed pupil, halos→Acute angle-closure glaucoma
- Painful, photophobia, small pupil→Anterior uveitis
- Itchy, bilateral, watery→Allergic conjunctivitis
- Purulent discharge, gritty→Bacterial conjunctivitis
- Sudden painless vision loss→Retinal artery/vein occlusion
- Trauma, foreign body sensation→Corneal abrasion, fluorescein stain
Eye and ENT Red Flags
- Acute angle-closure glaucoma
- Painful red eye, halos
- Uveitis vs conjunctivitis
- Uveitis has photophobia, pain
- Central retinal artery occlusion
- Sudden painless vision loss
- Otitis media 1st-line
- Amoxicillin if antibiotics needed
- Epistaxis 1st-line
- Pressure, lean forward 15min
- Vertigo red flag
- Focal neuro signs present
Dermatology Key Presentations
- Acne 1st-line mild
- Topical retinoid, benzoyl peroxide
- Psoriasis classic sign
- Silvery plaques, Auspitz sign
- Scabies treatment
- Permethrin 5%, treat contacts
- Cellulitis vs abscess
- Abscess needs incision drainage
- BCC typical look
- Pearly nodule, telangiectasia
- Melanoma red flag
- ABCDE asymmetry, border, colour
5 A's Smoking Cessation
Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange follow-up for every smoker
Ask about useAdvise to quitAssess readinessAssist with planArrange follow-up
Family Medicine Core Concepts
- Biopsychosocial model
- Bio + psycho + social factors
- Continuity of care
- Same doctor over time
- Patient-centred care
- Shares decisions with patient
- 5 A's smoking cessation
- Ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange
- Health promotion vs prevention
- Promotion builds skills, broadly
- Immunisation contraindication
- Severe illness, anaphylaxis history
Primary vs Secondary Prevention
Primary
- Before disease starts
- Immunisation, lifestyle advice
Secondary
- Early detection stage
- Screening, case-finding
Timing relative to onset
Screening and Prevention Levels
- Primary prevention
- Prevent disease onset
- Secondary prevention
- Early detection, screening
- Tertiary prevention
- Reduce complications, disability
- Cervical screening interval
- Every 3-5 years
- Colorectal screening start
- Age 45-50 onward
- CV risk tool
- 10-year risk score
Epidemiology and EBM Basics
- Sensitivity
- Detects true positives
- Specificity
- Excludes true negatives
- NNT
- Patients treated per benefit
- NNH
- Patients treated per harm
- Highest evidence level
- Systematic review, meta-analysis
- Attack rate
- Cases divided by at-risk
Professionalism, Ethics and Safety
- Autonomy
- Patient's right to choose
- Confidentiality breach exception
- Risk of serious harm
- Consent for minors UAE
- Guardian consent generally required
- Error disclosure duty
- Candour, timely disclosure
- Safeguarding trigger
- Suspected abuse or neglect
- Sheryan portal role
- DHA licensing and registration
Common Traps
Sensitivity ≠ specificity
Sensitivity finds true positives ≠ Specificity excludes true negatives
STEMI ≠ NSTEMI management
STEMI needs urgent PCI ≠ NSTEMI needs risk stratification
Delirium ≠ dementia onset
Delirium is acute, reversible ≠ Dementia is chronic, progressive
Type 1 ≠ type 2 diabetes
Type 1 always needs insulin ≠ Type 2 often manages orally
Uveitis ≠ conjunctivitis pain
Uveitis causes true eye pain ≠ Conjunctivitis usually gritty, painless
Primary ≠ secondary prevention
Primary stops disease starting ≠ Secondary catches disease early
Croup ≠ epiglottitis severity
Croup has barking cough ≠ Epiglottitis causes drooling, toxicity
Last Minute
- 1.150 MCQs in 3 hours
- 2.Pass mark is 60%
- 3.No negative marking, answer all
- 4.Diabetic BP target under 130/80
- 5.ACEi first-line for diabetic nephropathy
- 6.SGLT2i favoured with ASCVD
- 7.LABA never alone in asthma
- 8.Adrenaline 0.5mg IM for anaphylaxis
- 9.CURB-65 guides pneumonia admission
- 10.ABCDE order in every emergency
- 11.Autonomy, consent, confidentiality are cross-cutting
- 12.Vignettes test first-line management
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