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Exam Review

Key Facts: EGE Biology Exam

EGE Biology 2026 contains 28 tasks split into two parts (FIPI specification).

Part 1 has 21 short-answer tasks and Part 2 has 7 extended-response tasks (FIPI).

The maximum primary score in 2026 is 57 points, down from 59 (FIPI/RIA Novosti).

The minimum passing threshold is 36 test points, equal to 15 primary points (Rosobrnadzor).

Universities under Minobrnauki require at least 40 test points for admission in 2026.

Test-takers have 3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes) to complete the exam (FIPI).

About 16% of test-takers failed to reach the minimum threshold in 2024 (FIPI report).

The exam is built from seven content blocks defined in the FIPI codifier.

EGE Biology 2026 is a 28-task, 3-hour-55-minute paper (21 short-answer plus 7 extended-response tasks) scored to 100 points, with 36 the minimum threshold.

Sample EGE Biology Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the EGE Biology exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which biological science studies the structure, function, and life processes of cells?

A.Histology

B.Cytology

C.Anatomy

D.Ecology

Explanation: Cytology (цитология) is the branch of biology dedicated to the study of cells, including their organelles, structure, division, and metabolism. It is a core block of the EGE Biology codifier.

2Which research method involves observing biological objects under controlled conditions where the experimenter deliberately changes one factor?

A.Observation

B.Experiment

C.Description

D.Comparison

Explanation: The experimental method involves deliberately manipulating a variable under controlled conditions to test a hypothesis, distinguishing it from passive observation. EGE Biology tests scientific methodology as part of the first content block.

3According to the levels of organization of life, which level is immediately above the cellular level?

A.Molecular level

B.Organism level

C.Population level

D.Tissue level

Explanation: The standard hierarchy of biological organization rises molecular to cellular to tissue to organ to organism to population to ecosystem to biosphere. The tissue level sits directly above the cellular level. This hierarchy is a foundational EGE topic.

4Which property of living systems describes the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment?

A.Homeostasis

B.Irritability

C.Metabolism

D.Reproduction

Explanation: Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment (temperature, pH, ion concentrations) despite external changes. It is a defining property of all living systems.

5Which scientist formulated the binomial nomenclature system used to name species with two Latin names?

A.Charles Darwin

B.Gregor Mendel

C.Carl Linnaeus

D.Louis Pasteur

Explanation: Carl Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature, giving each species a two-part Latin name (genus and species), such as Homo sapiens. This system is the basis of modern taxonomy tested on the EGE.

6A testable, preliminary explanation proposed to account for an observation is called a:

A.Law

B.Theory

C.Hypothesis

D.Fact

Explanation: A hypothesis is a tentative, testable explanation that can be supported or rejected by experiment. After repeated confirmation, a hypothesis may become part of a scientific theory.

7Which monosaccharide is the primary energy substrate for cellular respiration in most cells?

A.Glucose

B.Sucrose

C.Cellulose

D.Glycogen

Explanation: Glucose (C6H12O6) is a six-carbon monosaccharide and the main immediate energy source oxidized during cellular respiration to produce ATP. The EGE biomolecules block tests carbohydrate structure and function.

8Which organelle is the site of the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells?

A.Ribosome

B.Chloroplast

C.Mitochondrion

D.Golgi apparatus

Explanation: The mitochondrion is the site of aerobic respiration: the Krebs (citric acid) cycle occurs in the matrix and oxidative phosphorylation occurs on the inner membrane (cristae), producing most of the cell's ATP.

9Which statement correctly distinguishes prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells?

A.Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane organelles

B.Prokaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus; eukaryotes do not

C.Eukaryotes lack ribosomes; prokaryotes have them

D.Prokaryotes are always larger than eukaryotes

Explanation: Prokaryotic cells (bacteria, archaea) lack a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; their DNA lies free in the cytoplasm as a nucleoid. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and organelles.

10What is the main function of enzymes (ferments) in biochemical reactions?

A.They increase the activation energy needed

B.They change the equilibrium constant of a reaction

C.They are consumed and destroyed during each reaction

D.They lower the activation energy and speed up reactions

Explanation: Enzymes are biological catalysts (usually proteins) that lower the activation energy of a reaction, dramatically increasing its rate without being consumed. They are highly specific to their substrates.

About the EGE Biology Exam

The EGE (Edinyi Gosudarstvennyi Ekzamen) in Biology is an elective Unified State Exam in Russia, administered by Rosobrnadzor with content developed by FIPI. The 2026 paper has 28 tasks split into two parts: Part 1 contains 21 short-answer tasks of basic and advanced difficulty, and Part 2 contains 7 extended free-response tasks, including genetics problems, worth a maximum of 57 primary points. Results are converted to a 100-point test scale, with 36 test points the minimum threshold set by Rosobrnadzor. The exam covers seven content blocks from biology as a science and cytology to genetics, the diversity of life, human anatomy and physiology, evolution, and ecology. It is taken mainly by students applying to medical, biological, veterinary, and agricultural university programs.

Exam sponsor: Rosobrnadzor; content by FIPI. The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Questions

100 questions

Time Limit

3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes)

Passing Score

Minimum 36 test points (15 primary points); 100-point scale, max 57 primary points in 2026

Exam / Certification Fees

Free for school graduates taking the standard EGE in Russia

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

Rosobrnadzor; content by FIPI: official exam information

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

Biology as a Science

Scientific methods, levels of organization, properties of living systems, and taxonomy.

18%

The Cell as a Biological System

Cytology, biomolecules, enzymes, metabolism, photosynthesis, respiration, and cell division.

20%

The Organism as a Biological System

Mendelian genetics, variation, mutations, selection and breeding, reproduction, and development.

16%

System and Diversity of the Organic World

Bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals: taxonomy, anatomy, and physiology.

18%

The Human Organism and Health

Human organ systems, anatomy, physiology, homeostasis, and hygiene.

12%

Evolution of the Living World

Evolutionary theory, evidence, speciation, anthropogenesis, and the origin of life.

10%

Ecosystems and Ecology

Populations, ecosystems, food chains, biosphere, and biogeochemical cycles.

Preparing for the EGE Biology Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: Minimum 36 test points (15 primary points); 100-point scale, max 57 primary points in 2026
Exam length: 100 questions
Time limit: 3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes)
Exam / certification fees: Free for school graduates taking the standard EGE in Russia Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

Work through all 100 available questions
Review every answer and explanation
Track weak areas and revisit them
Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

EGE Biology: Suggested Study Strategy

1Study the official FIPI codifier and specification to know exactly which topics and task types appear on the exam.

2Master genetics problems (tasks 27-28): practice monohybrid, dihybrid, and sex-linked crosses until ratios become automatic.

3Learn cytology and metabolism in depth, including photosynthesis, respiration, and the stages of mitosis and meiosis.

4Practice picture-analysis and matching tasks, since Part 1 includes diagram-based questions on cells, organs, and organisms.

5Memorize human organ systems and homeostasis mechanisms, a heavily weighted block emphasized in the 2026 specification.

6Solve full past papers under timed conditions to build the stamina needed for the 235-minute exam.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the minimum passing score for EGE Biology in 2026?

The minimum threshold set by Rosobrnadzor is 36 test points (15 primary points). Universities under Minobrnauki require at least 40 test points for admission in 2026, and competitive programs require much higher.

How is the EGE Biology exam structured in 2026?

The exam has 28 tasks in two parts. Part 1 has 21 short-answer tasks of basic and advanced levels, and Part 2 has 7 extended free-response tasks. The maximum primary score in 2026 is 57, converted to a 100-point test scale.

How long is the EGE Biology exam?

Test-takers have 3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes) to complete the entire paper, covering both the short-answer and extended-response sections.

Who administers EGE Biology and who takes it?

Rosobrnadzor administers the exam with content developed by FIPI. It is an elective subject taken mainly by students applying to medical, biological, veterinary, and agricultural university programs.

What topics are tested on EGE Biology?

Seven content blocks: biology as a science, the cell, the organism (genetics and reproduction), the diversity of the organic world, the human organism and health, evolution, and ecology.