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Sample BAC History Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the BAC History exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 103+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which Roman emperor conquered the Dacian kingdom after the wars of 101–102 and 105–106 AD, transforming central Dacia into an imperial Roman province?
A.Trajan
B.Hadrian
C.Aurelian
D.Constantine the Great
Explanation: Emperor Trajan led the Roman legions in two successive Dacian campaigns (101–102 and 105–106 AD), defeating King Decebalus. Following the fall of the Dacian capital at Sarmizegetusa Regia, Trajan organized the conquered territory north of the Danube as the imperial province of Dacia (Dacia Felix).
2What was the primary demographic and cultural vehicle for the rapid linguistic Romanization of the indigenous Dacian population?
A.The exclusive adoption of Greek administrative law across urban centers
B.Massive colonization ex toto orbe Romano, Roman military garrisons, and the veteran settlement system
C.The mandatory deportation of all native Dacians to southern Balkan provinces
D.Commercial trading posts established exclusively along the Black Sea coastline
Explanation: Romanization involved settlement, the army and veterans, administration, commerce and contact with Latin-speaking communities. Latin served as an important shared language across these settings. Dacia was multilingual, and the military presence changed over time, so Romanization should not be described as exclusive use of Latin by everyone.
3Which historical event occurred between 271 and 275 AD under Emperor Aurelian, marking a significant shift in Rome's northern frontier policy?
A.The construction of Trajan's Wall across Dobruja
B.The total annihilation of the Roman legions at the Battle of Adamclisi
C.The official withdrawal of the Roman army and administrative apparatus south of the Danube
D.The annexation of Moldavia into the Roman Empire
Explanation: Aurelian withdrew Roman troops and provincial administration from Dacia north of the Danube and established Dacia Aureliana south of the river. The later division into Dacia Ripensis and Dacia Mediterranea should not be attributed directly to his evacuation order; the extent of civilian movement is a separate historical question.
4Which late-antique object found at Biertan bears the Latin votive inscription 'Ego Zenovius votum posui' and a Christian symbol?
A.The Pietroasele Treasure (Cloșca cu puii de aur)
B.The diploma of the Knights Hospitaller
C.The lead tablets of Sinaia
D.The Donarium of Biertan bearing the inscription 'Ego Zenovius votum posui'
Explanation: The Biertan donarium combines a Latin dedication with a Christian monogram. Its findspot is relevant to debates about late-antique communities, but a portable object alone does not establish the language or ancestry of every local inhabitant.
5Which linguistic feature provides evidence for a Latin contribution to the early Christian vocabulary inherited by Romanian?
A.Core Christian vocabulary terms such as 'biserică', 'cruce', 'Dumnezeu', and 'Paște' are of Latin origin
B.The adoption of Old Church Slavonic as the initial liturgical language of the Roman Empire
C.The total absence of Latin words related to family life and agriculture
D.The exclusive preservation of Greek theological syntax in the Lord's Prayer
Explanation: Romanian preserves Christian terms of Latin origin, including biserică, cruce, Dumnezeu, and Paște. This vocabulary is evidence for early Latin Christian influence, although vocabulary alone cannot establish a precise date or geographical location for every stage of Christianisation.
6Which claim characterises the immigrationist account associated with Robert Rösler's 'Romänische Studien'?
A.Romanian developed exclusively north of the Danube without any Balkan contacts
B.Romanians formed south of the Danube and migrated north later in the Middle Ages
C.Romanian was created by replacing Latin grammar entirely with Slavic grammar
D.Dacian became modern Romanian without a substantial Latin contribution
Explanation: Rösler's immigrationist account placed Romanian ethnogenesis south of the Danube and later migration northward. The question identifies that historiographical position; it does not treat it as established fact or infer the author's personal motives.
7Which 17th-century Moldavian chronicler wrote the famous phrase 'de la Râm ne tragem' (we originate from Rome) in his chronicle 'Letopisețul Țării Moldovei'?
A.Ion Neculce
B.Miron Costin
C.Grigore Ureche
D.Radu Popescu
Explanation: Grigore Ureche (c. 1590–1647) was the first Moldavian chronicler to explicitly affirm the common Roman descent and Latin linguistic unity of all Romanians in 'Letopisețul Țării Moldovei'. In the chapter 'Pentru limba noastră moldovenească', he highlighted Latin cognates and famously observed that 'de la Râm ne tragem și cu ale lor cuvinte ni-i amestecat graiul'.
8In which seminal historiographical work did Prince Dimitrie Cantemir systematically argue for the uninterrupted continuity and noble Roman ancestry of the inhabitants of Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania?
A.Descriptio Moldaviae
B.Istoria ieroglifică
C.Hronicul vechimei a romano-moldo-vlahilor
D.Divanul sau gâlceava înțeleptului cu lumea
Explanation: Written in St. Petersburg between 1717 and 1722, 'Hronicul vechimei a romano-moldo-vlahilor' is Dimitrie Cantemir's monumental synthesis of Romanian ethnogenesis. Drawing on Greek, Latin, and Western European humanist sources, Cantemir argued for the pure Roman extraction and uninterrupted habitation of the Daco-Roman people across all three historical principalities.
9What fundamental political petition was submitted to Habsburg Emperor Leopold II in 1791 by Romanian intellectuals of the Transylvanian School (Școala Ardeleană)?
A.Petițiunea-proclamațiune de la Iași
B.Proclamația de la Islaz
C.Supplex Libellus Valachorum Transsilvaniae
D.Pronunțamentul de la Blaj
Explanation: 'Supplex Libellus Valachorum Transsilvaniae' (1791), drafted by leading Enlightenment scholars of the Transylvanian School (including Samuil Micu, Gheorghe Șincai, Petru Maior, and Iosif Mehesi), petitioned Emperor Leopold II for the restoration of historical political rights. Citing their historical priority as the direct descendants of Trajan's colonists, the petition demanded that Romanians be recognized as a constitutional fourth nation alongside the Magyars, Saxons, and Szeklers.
10What proposition did B. P. Hasdeu challenge in 'Pierit-au dacii?'?
A.That Latin significantly influenced the Romanian language
B.That the Dacians had been completely exterminated after Roman conquest
C.That Romanian contains vocabulary borrowed from Slavic languages
D.That the Roman army withdrew under Aurelian
Explanation: Hasdeu challenged the claim that the Dacians disappeared completely after the Roman conquest. His argument concerns the indigenous contribution to Romanian ethnogenesis, rather than denying Romanian's Romance character.

About the BAC History Exam

Independent practice for Examenul Național de Bacalaureat, Istorie (Proba E.c). Independent English-language MCQ study adaptation. It is not an official translation, an official-format simulation, or a substitute for Romanian-language reading and writing, full worked solutions, or oral and practical preparation. Romanian is confirmed. Candidates who studied a subject in a minority language may request that language under the methodology; availability depends on the subject and route. Practise extracting evidence from sources, explaining causation and writing structured historical essays.

Exam sponsor: Ministerul Educației și Cercetării / Centrul Național pentru Curriculum și Evaluare (CNCE). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Question count not published by the exam provider

Time Limit

180 minutes (3 hours)

Passing Score

At least 5/10 in every written paper and an overall written mean of at least 6/10, with required competence assessments completed or recognised. The methodology rounds an overall 5.99 to 6.00.

Exam / Certification Fees

First two Bacalaureat presentations are free; later presentations carry an annually set fee. A current later-attempt amount is not confirmed here.

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

Not officially weighted here

Romanian historical development

Romanity, medieval institutions, diplomacy, modern state formation and union.

Not officially weighted here

State and political systems

Constitutions, democracy and totalitarian ideologies in Romania and Europe.

Not officially weighted here

Twentieth century and historical reasoning

Communism, resistance, post-1989 change, international relations and source-based argument.

Preparing for the BAC History Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: At least 5/10 in every written paper and an overall written mean of at least 6/10, with required competence assessments completed or recognised. The methodology rounds an overall 5.99 to 6.00.
  • Assessment: Question count not published by the exam provider
  • Time limit: 180 minutes (3 hours)
  • Exam / certification fees: First two Bacalaureat presentations are free; later presentations carry an annually set fee. A current later-attempt amount is not confirmed here. Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 103 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

BAC History: Suggested Study Strategy

1Practise extracting evidence from sources, explaining causation and writing structured historical essays.
2Use official papers and marking schemes for the applicable profile. Practise writing complete answers under the three-hour limit.
3Use the questions to identify gaps, then explain why each alternative fails without looking at the feedback.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is this the official examination format or an official translation?

Independent English-language MCQ study adaptation. It is not an official translation, an official-format simulation, or a substitute for Romanian-language reading and writing, full worked solutions, or oral and practical preparation.

What else does the full Bacalaureat require?

Other written papers and required competence assessments: Romanian oral communication, mother-tongue oral communication where applicable, a studied foreign language and digital competence. These must be completed or formally recognised. The subject bank does not replace them.

Which paper and language should I prepare for?

Romanian is confirmed. Candidates who studied a subject in a minority language may request that language under the methodology; availability depends on the subject and route. Practise extracting evidence from sources, explaining causation and writing structured historical essays.