PracticeVideosBlogFlashcardsEspañol
All Practice Exams

Free Practice Questions for BAC Human Anatomy, Physiology, Genetics and Ecology

Exam-style questions and explanations by OpenExamPrep.

✓ No registration✓ No credit card
100+ Questions
100% Free

Loading practice questions...

Same family resources

Explore More Romania National Baccalaureate Examinations (Examenul Național de Bacalaureat)

Continue into nearby exams from the same family. Each card keeps practice questions, study guides, flashcards, videos, and articles in one place.

Romania Bacalaureat — Istorie

Practice Questions

Romania Bacalaureat — Biologie

Practice Questions

Romania Bacalaureat — Chimie

Practice Questions

Romania Bacalaureat — Economie

Practice Questions

Romania Bacalaureat — Fizică

Practice Questions

Romania Bacalaureat — Geografie

Practice Questions

Sample BAC Human Anatomy, Physiology, Genetics and Ecology Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the BAC Human Anatomy, Physiology, Genetics and Ecology exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which of the following primary tissue types is specialized for covering external body surfaces and lining internal hollow organs and cavities?
A.Epithelial tissue
B.Connective tissue
C.Muscular tissue
D.Nervous tissue
Explanation: Epithelial tissue consists of closely packed cells with minimal intercellular substance resting on a basement membrane. It functions primarily in protection, absorption, secretion, and lining body surfaces and lumina.
2Which anatomical plane divides the human body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) sections?
A.Frontal (coronal) plane
B.Sagittal plane
C.Transverse (horizontal) plane
D.Median plane
Explanation: The frontal or coronal plane runs vertically from side to side, dividing the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) parts. In standard anatomical terminology, it is perpendicular to both the sagittal and transverse planes.
3In anatomical directional terminology, the wrist is described as being located in which relation to the elbow along the upper limb?
A.Distal
B.Proximal
C.Superior
D.Medial
Explanation: The term distal denotes a position farther away from the trunk or the point of attachment of an appendage. Because the wrist is farther from the shoulder attachment than the elbow, it is distal to the elbow.
4Which connective tissue is characteristic of the outer annulus fibrosus of an intervertebral disc and of the pubic symphysis?
A.Fibrocartilage
B.Hyaline cartilage
C.Elastic cartilage
D.Compact bone tissue
Explanation: Fibrocartilage contains thick, dense bundles of type I collagen fibers within its matrix, providing high tensile strength and compression resistance. This makes it ideal for weight-bearing joints such as intervertebral discs, the pubic symphysis, and articular menisci.
5Which cellular organelle possesses a double membrane, contains its own circular DNA, and synthesizes the majority of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation?
A.Mitochondrion
B.Endoplasmic reticulum
C.Golgi apparatus
D.Lysosome
Explanation: Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles whose inner membrane folds into cristae harboring the electron transport chain and ATP synthase. They replicate semi-autonomously and produce ATP through the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
6Which major body cavity is enclosed by the ribs, sternum, and vertebral column, and bounded inferiorly by the muscular diaphragm?
A.Thoracic cavity
B.Abdominal cavity
C.Pelvic cavity
D.Cranial cavity
Explanation: The thoracic cavity is the upper ventral cavity housing the lungs, heart, esophagus, and trachea. It is separated from the inferior abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm.
7Which classification of epithelial tissue lines the lumen of the urinary bladder and is capable of stretching significantly as organ volume fluctuates?
A.Transitional epithelium (urothelium)
B.Simple columnar ciliated epithelium
C.Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
D.Simple squamous epithelium
Explanation: Transitional epithelium (urothelium) lines urinary pathways including the renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder. Its superficial umbrella cells change shape from cuboidal or rounded to flattened as the bladder fills, allowing distension without tearing the epithelial barrier.
8Which of the following describes the fundamental structural and functional unit of the human nervous system responsible for transmitting nerve impulses?
A.Neuron
B.Astrocyte
C.Microglia
D.Oligodendrocyte
Explanation: The neuron is the excitable unit of the nervous system composed of a cell body (perikaryon), dendrites, and an axon. It is specialized to generate, conduct, and transmit electrical action potentials across synapses.
9What is the correct sequential order of components forming a standard physiological reflex arc?
A.Receptor → Afferent pathway → Nerve center → Efferent pathway → Effector
B.Receptor → Efferent pathway → Nerve center → Afferent pathway → Effector
C.Nerve center → Receptor → Afferent pathway → Efferent pathway → Effector
D.Receptor → Nerve center → Efferent pathway → Afferent pathway → Effector
Explanation: A physiological reflex arc begins with a sensory receptor detecting a stimulus, followed by an afferent (sensory) pathway conducting the action potential to a central nervous system integration center. The center processes the signal and dispatches impulses along an efferent (motor) pathway to the effector organ.
10In the internal organization of the spinal cord, what type of neuronal cell bodies are primarily housed within the anterior (ventral) horns of grey matter?
A.Somatic motor neurons (alpha and gamma motoneurons)
B.Sensory neurons transmitting tactile information
C.Preganglionic sympathetic vegetative neurons
D.Sensory-processing interneurons of the dorsal horn
Explanation: The anterior grey horns of the spinal cord contain the cell bodies of large alpha motoneurons and gamma motoneurons whose axons exit via ventral roots to innervate skeletal muscle fibers. They represent the final common pathway for somatic motor output.

About the BAC Human Anatomy, Physiology, Genetics and Ecology Exam

Independent practice for Examenul Național de Bacalaureat, Anatomie și fiziologie umană, genetică și ecologie umană (Proba E.d). Independent English-language MCQ study adaptation. It is not an official translation, an official-format simulation, or a substitute for Romanian-language reading and writing, full worked solutions, or oral and practical preparation. Romanian is confirmed. Candidates who studied a subject in a minority language may request that language under the methodology; availability depends on the subject and route. Practise labelled diagrams, physiological explanations, DNA problems and written synthesis responses.

Exam sponsor: Ministerul Educației și Cercetării / Centrul Național pentru Curriculum și Evaluare (CNCE). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Question count not published by the exam provider

Time Limit

180 minutes (3 hours)

Passing Score

At least 5/10 in every written paper and an overall written mean of at least 6/10, with required competence assessments completed or recognised. The methodology rounds an overall 5.99 to 6.00.

Exam / Certification Fees

First two Bacalaureat presentations are free; later presentations carry an annually set fee. A current later-attempt amount is not confirmed here.

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

Not officially weighted here

Human physiology

Body organisation; nervous, sensory, endocrine and locomotor systems; nutrition and reproduction.

Not officially weighted here

Molecular and human genetics

Nucleic acids, gene expression, karyotypes and hereditary conditions.

Not officially weighted here

Human ecology

Ecosystems, environmental change and human impacts.

Preparing for the BAC Human Anatomy, Physiology, Genetics and Ecology Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: At least 5/10 in every written paper and an overall written mean of at least 6/10, with required competence assessments completed or recognised. The methodology rounds an overall 5.99 to 6.00.
  • Assessment: Question count not published by the exam provider
  • Time limit: 180 minutes (3 hours)
  • Exam / certification fees: First two Bacalaureat presentations are free; later presentations carry an annually set fee. A current later-attempt amount is not confirmed here. Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

BAC Human Anatomy, Physiology, Genetics and Ecology: Suggested Study Strategy

1Practise labelled diagrams, physiological explanations, DNA problems and written synthesis responses.
2Use official papers and marking schemes for the applicable profile. Practise writing complete answers under the three-hour limit.
3Use the questions to identify gaps, then explain why each alternative fails without looking at the feedback.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is this the official examination format or an official translation?

Independent English-language MCQ study adaptation. It is not an official translation, an official-format simulation, or a substitute for Romanian-language reading and writing, full worked solutions, or oral and practical preparation.

What else does the full Bacalaureat require?

Other written papers and required competence assessments: Romanian oral communication, mother-tongue oral communication where applicable, a studied foreign language and digital competence. These must be completed or formally recognised. The subject bank does not replace them.

Which paper and language should I prepare for?

Romanian is confirmed. Candidates who studied a subject in a minority language may request that language under the methodology; availability depends on the subject and route. Practise labelled diagrams, physiological explanations, DNA problems and written synthesis responses.