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Key Facts: História B (Prova 723) Exam

723

National exam code for História B

EduQA Informação-Prova 2026

120 minutes

Duration: 120 minutes (+ 30 minutes tolerance)

EduQA Informação-Prova 2026

0–200

Scoring scale; admission minimums are set by institutions (never below 95)

JNE/DGES Guia Geral de Exames 2026

€0 / €3

Free for on-time students in compulsory education; €3 per exam in other cases

JNE/DGES Guia Geral de Exames 2026

EduQA

Exam papers prepared by EduQA, I. P. (successor to IAVE)

Decreto-Lei n.º 105/2025

Portugal's Exame Nacional de História B (723) is an 11th-grade national exam prepared by EduQA (formerly IAVE): 120 minutes (+ 30 minutes tolerance), scored 0–200. This free bank offers 100 English-language multiple-choice questions on economic dynamics of the 16th–18th centuries, the Ancien Régime and liberalism, industrial civilization, the crises of the first half of the 20th century, Portugal and the world after 1945 and the contemporary world.

Sample História B (Prova 723) Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the História B (Prova 723) exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Why did Antwerp become one of the great commercial centres of 16th-century Europe?
A.It held the monopoly of the Mediterranean trade with the Ottoman Empire and Venice.
B.It was the capital of the Spanish empire and the seat of the Council of the Indies.
C.It was the only European port authorised by the Pope to trade with Asia.
D.It received Asian spices through the Portuguese factory and redistributed them across northern Europe.
Explanation: Antwerp prospered as a redistribution centre on the Atlantic façade: the Portuguese 'feitoria de Flandres' sold Asian spices there, and merchants and bankers from all over Europe gathered in its exchange (bolsa), a sign of commercial capitalism.
2What was distinctive about the Dutch East India Company (VOC), founded in 1602?
A.A royal agency run directly by the Crown, like the Casa da Índia.
B.A guild of artisans regulating cloth production in Amsterdam.
C.A religious order financing missions to China and Japan.
D.A joint-stock monopoly with powers to make war and treaties.
Explanation: The VOC raised capital from many shareholders, held a monopoly of Dutch trade with Asia and received quasi-sovereign powers (armies, fortresses, treaties). It embodied the 'companhia monopolista' of commercial capitalism and became a powerful rival of the Portuguese in Asia.
3Which policy is typical of mercantilism, as practised by Colbert in 17th-century France?
A.Free trade, with the abolition of all customs duties.
B.Leaving the economy entirely to private initiative.
C.Protecting manufactures to obtain a favourable trade balance.
D.Encouraging imports of manufactures to lower prices.
Explanation: Mercantilism equated a state's wealth with its stock of precious metals. Governments therefore encouraged exports and national manufactures and restricted imports through tariffs—protectionism—to obtain a favourable balance of trade.
4What did the 'exclusivo colonial' (colonial pact) mean for Brazil in the 17th and 18th centuries?
A.Brazil could trade freely with any European nation.
B.Brazil had to make its own manufactures and stop all imports.
C.Brazil's trade was run by the Dutch in exchange for protection.
D.Brazil's trade was reserved to the metropole and its merchants.
Explanation: Under the colonial pact the colony's trade was reserved for the metropole: Brazil exported sugar, gold and other products to Portugal and received manufactured goods through Portuguese merchants. This monopoly ended in 1808 with the opening of the ports.
5Which principle did Montesquieu defend in 'De l'esprit des lois' (1748)?
A.The divine right of kings and the concentration of all powers in the monarch.
B.The abolition of private property as the source of inequality.
C.The separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers to prevent despotism.
D.The submission of the state to the authority of the Church.
Explanation: Montesquieu argued that liberty is only safe when power checks power: legislative, executive and judicial functions should be held by different bodies. The idea became a pillar of liberal constitutions.
6What is the core idea of Rousseau's 'Du contrat social' (1762)?
A.Kings receive their power directly from God and answer only to Him.
B.Society should be governed by an enlightened monarch without popular participation.
C.Natural inequalities between orders must be preserved by law.
D.Sovereignty belongs to the people, and legitimate power expresses the general will.
Explanation: Rousseau founded political legitimacy on a social contract in which sovereignty belongs to the people as a whole and law is the expression of the general will—ideas that inspired the principle of national sovereignty in the liberal revolutions.
7What did the English Bill of Rights (1689) establish after the Glorious Revolution?
A.Absolute monarchy on the French model of Louis XIV.
B.A republic governed by Cromwell as Lord Protector.
C.A monarchy limited by Parliament's consent to taxes and laws.
D.The union of the English and Spanish crowns.
Explanation: The Bill of Rights limited royal power: the king could not suspend laws, raise taxes or keep a standing army in peacetime without Parliament's consent, and free elections and parliamentary debate were guaranteed. England became the model of parliamentary monarchy.
8How did the enclosures contribute to the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
A.They returned land to communal use, keeping peasants on the land.
B.They banned new farming techniques in order to protect small farmers.
C.They distributed the noble estates equally among the peasants.
D.They raised farm output and pushed rural people towards the towns.
Explanation: Enclosing open fields and commons allowed landowners to introduce new crops and rotations, raising output to feed a growing population. Many small farmers and labourers lost access to land and moved to the towns, providing labour for the factories.
9Which sector led the first phase of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
A.The automobile industry, with its assembly lines.
B.The chemical and electrical industries.
C.The cotton textile industry, mechanised in factories.
D.The iron-and-steel shipbuilding of the 1900s.
Explanation: Cotton textiles were the leading sector: inventions such as the spinning jenny, the water frame and, later, steam-powered looms concentrated production in factories, with wage workers subject to machine rhythms.
10What is the difference between horizontal and vertical concentration of firms, typical of late 19th-century capitalism?
A.Horizontal joins firms of different countries; vertical, firms of one country.
B.Horizontal concentration is state-owned; vertical concentration is private.
C.Horizontal concerns only banks; vertical concerns only factories.
D.Horizontal joins firms at one stage; vertical joins successive stages.
Explanation: Horizontal concentration unites companies doing the same activity (e.g., several steelworks) to dominate a market; vertical concentration integrates successive stages of a production chain (mines, steelworks, factories, distribution). Both produced trusts, cartels and monopolies.

About the História B (Prova 723) Exam

The Exame Final Nacional de História B (prova 723) is an 11th-grade national secondary exam in Portugal. Since the 2025 reorganization of the Ministry of Education (Decreto-Lei n.º 105/2025), exam papers are prepared by EduQA — Instituto de Educação, Qualidade e Avaliação, I. P., which succeeded IAVE, and the exams are organized and graded under the Júri Nacional de Exames. Written exam on the Aprendizagens Essenciais of História B for the 10th and 11th grades, focused on economic and social history from the 16th century to the present. The paper combines selection items (such as multiple choice) and constructed-response items, scored out of 200 points; answers are written on answer sheets that are later digitized. The exam covers economic dynamics of the 16th–18th centuries, the Ancien Régime and liberalism, industrial civilization, the crises of the first half of the 20th century, Portugal and the world after 1945 and the contemporary world. It counts towards the subject's final grade and can be used as an admission exam (prova de ingresso) for higher education where a course requires it. This bank is an independent English-language multiple-choice study adaptation with 100 original practice questions. It is not affiliated with EduQA or the JNE and does not reproduce the official paper or its constructed-response tasks.

Exam sponsor: EduQA, I. P. (exam papers; successor to IAVE since 2025) with the Júri Nacional de Exames (JNE). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Written exam on the Aprendizagens Essenciais of História B for the 10th and 11th grades, focused on economic and social history from the 16th century to the present. The paper combines selection items (such as multiple choice) and constructed-response items, scored out of 200 points; answers are written on answer sheets that are later digitized.

Time Limit

120 minutes (+ 30 minutes tolerance)

Passing Score

Scored 0–200; counts 25% of the subject grade for internal students; admission-exam minimums are set by institutions (never below 95/200)

Exam / Certification Fees

€0 for on-time students in compulsory education; €3 per exam in other cases; €25 + €3 per exam if registering late

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

~23% of this bank

Ancien Régime and liberalism

Absolutism, Enlightenment and the implantation of liberalism in Portugal.

~21% of this bank

Portugal and the world, 1945–1980s

Cold War, decolonization, democracy and European integration.

~20% of this bank

Economic dynamics, 16th–18th centuries

Commercial capitalism, mercantilism and the colonial exclusive.

~14% of this bank

Crises of the first half of the 20th century

Republic, economic crisis and dictatorships.

~12% of this bank

Industrial civilization

Industrialization, social movements and imperialism.

~10% of this bank

The contemporary world

The post-Cold War world and globalization.

Preparing for the História B (Prova 723) Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Scored 0–200; counts 25% of the subject grade for internal students; admission-exam minimums are set by institutions (never below 95/200)
  • Assessment: Written exam on the Aprendizagens Essenciais of História B for the 10th and 11th grades, focused on economic and social history from the 16th century to the present. The paper combines selection items (such as multiple choice) and constructed-response items, scored out of 200 points; answers are written on answer sheets that are later digitized.
  • Time limit: 120 minutes (+ 30 minutes tolerance)
  • Exam / certification fees: €0 for on-time students in compulsory education; €3 per exam in other cases; €25 + €3 per exam if registering late Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

História B (Prova 723): Suggested Study Strategy

1Compare and contrast the Constitution of 1822 and the Constitutional Charter (Carta Constitucional) of 1826, focusing on national sovereignty vs royal prerogative and unicameralism vs bicameralism with moderating power (Poder Moderador).
2Understand the key institutional mechanisms of the Estado Novo: corporatism (Corporações and Sindicatos Nacionais), industrial conditioning (condicionamento industrial), the single party (União Nacional), state censorship, and the political police (PVDE / PIDE).
3For the economic dynamics of the 16th–18th centuries, connect commercial capitalism, mercantilism and the colonial exclusive with Portugal's Atlantic economy and Pombal's companies.
4Analyze the Pombaline economic reforms: creation of chartered monopoly companies (Companhia Geral da Agricultura das Vinhas do Alto Douro, Companhia do Grão-Pará e Maranhão) and state manufacturing stimuli.
5Review the socio-economic impact of Fontismo in the second half of the 19th century: railway network expansion, macadamized roads, telegraph lines, public debt growth, and agricultural modernization.
6Examine the causes and consequences of the Carnation Revolution (Revolução dos Cravos) of 25 April 1974: military exhaustion in the African Colonial War, Movimento das Forças Armadas (MFA), decolonization process, and the 1976 Constitution.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who prepares and grades the exam?

Since the 2025 reorganization (Decreto-Lei n.º 105/2025), exam papers are prepared by EduQA — Instituto de Educação, Qualidade e Avaliação, I. P., which succeeded IAVE. The exams are run in schools and graded under the Júri Nacional de Exames (JNE).

How is the exam structured?

Written exam on the Aprendizagens Essenciais of História B for the 10th and 11th grades, focused on economic and social history from the 16th century to the present. The paper combines selection items (such as multiple choice) and constructed-response items, scored out of 200 points; answers are written on answer sheets that are later digitized.

Is there a pass mark?

No single pass mark: the exam is scored 0–200. For internal students it counts for 25% of the final subject grade (CFD = 0.75 × internal grade + 0.25 × exam); for external candidates the exam grade is the subject grade, so at least 95/200 is needed. When used as an admission exam (prova de ingresso), each higher-education institution sets the minimum, never below 95/200.

How much does it cost?

Free for students in compulsory education who register on time and for internal students in the 1st phase; €3 per exam for 2nd-phase grade improvement, for external candidates (autopropostos) outside compulsory education and for external grade improvement; late registration costs €25 plus €3 per exam (JNE/DGES Guia Geral de Exames 2026).

How does História B differ from História A?

História B (723) is an 11th-grade exam of the professional/specific courses with a stronger economic and social focus (e.g. mercantilism, industrialization, the labour movement), while História A (623) is a 12th-grade exam of the Línguas e Humanidades course.

How does this practice bank relate to the official exam?

This bank is an independent English-language multiple-choice study adaptation with 100 original practice questions. It is not affiliated with EduQA or the JNE and does not reproduce the official paper or its constructed-response tasks. Use it to review content and concepts alongside official Informação-Prova documents and past papers.