Free Practice Questions for Filosofia (Prova 714)

Exam-style questions and explanations by OpenExamPrep.

✓ No registration✓ No credit card

100+ Questions

100% Free

Loading practice questions...

Same family resources

Explore More Portugal National Secondary Education Final Examinations (Exames Nacionais do Ensino Secundário — EduQA)

Continue into nearby exams from the same family. Each card keeps practice questions, study guides, flashcards, videos, and articles in one place.

Exam Review

Key Facts: Filosofia (Prova 714) Exam

714

National exam code for Filosofia

EduQA Informação-Prova 2026

120 minutes

Duration: 120 minutes (+ 30 minutes tolerance)

EduQA Informação-Prova 2026

0–200

Scoring scale; admission minimums are set by institutions (never below 95)

JNE/DGES Guia Geral de Exames 2026

€0 / €3

Free for on-time students in compulsory education; €3 per exam in other cases

JNE/DGES Guia Geral de Exames 2026

EduQA

Exam papers prepared by EduQA, I. P. (successor to IAVE)

Decreto-Lei n.º 105/2025

Portugal's Exame Nacional de Filosofia (714) is an 11th-grade national exam prepared by EduQA (formerly IAVE): 120 minutes (+ 30 minutes tolerance), scored 0–200. This free bank offers 100 English-language multiple-choice questions on argumentation and logic, free will, ethics (Kant and Mill), political philosophy (Rawls and his critics), knowledge (Descartes and Hume) and philosophy of science (Popper and Kuhn).

Sample Filosofia (Prova 714) Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Filosofia (Prova 714) exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1In philosophical logic, what is the precise definition of a deductively valid argument?

A.An argument that contains exclusively true empirical premises regardless of structural form

B.An argument where the premises make the conclusion highly probable without guaranteeing it

C.An argument that successfully convinces a majority of rational observers during debate

D.An argument whose conclusion is logically impossible to be false if all of its premises are true

Explanation: In deductive logic, validity is an exclusively structural property: an argument is valid if and only if it is impossible for all premises to be true and the conclusion simultaneously false. Truth belongs to individual propositions, whereas validity belongs strictly to the inferential relation between premises and conclusion.

2What distinguishes a sound argument (argumento sólido) from an argument that is merely valid?

A.A sound argument uses inductive generalizations rather than conditional rules

B.A sound argument is accepted by consensus among recognized philosophical authorities

C.A sound argument contains premises that are tautologies incapable of empirical falsification

D.A sound argument is deductively valid and has exclusively true premises in reality

Explanation: In logic, soundness (solidez) requires both deductive validity and factual truth: an argument is sound if and only if its formal structure is valid AND all of its premises are actually true. An argument may be formally valid with false premises, but it cannot be sound without true premises.

3Under what condition is a material conditional proposition (P -> Q) false in classical propositional logic?

A.When the antecedent P is false and the consequent Q is true

B.When both the antecedent P and the consequent Q are false

C.When both the antecedent P and the consequent Q are true

D.When the antecedent P is true and the consequent Q is false

Explanation: In standard truth-functional propositional logic, a conditional proposition P -> Q is false in only one specific scenario: when the antecedent P is true and the consequent Q is false. In all other three truth-value combinations, the conditional evaluates to true.

4A biconditional proposition (P <-> Q) evaluates to true if and only if:

A.Both constituent propositions P and Q share identical truth values

B.The antecedent P is true, regardless of the truth value of Q

C.At least one of the two propositions P or Q evaluates to true

D.The consequent Q is logically entailed by an independent third premise

Explanation: A biconditional proposition (P if and only if Q) expresses mutual implication (P -> Q and Q -> P). It evaluates to true whenever both components have the exact same truth value—either both are true (V <-> V = V) or both are false (F <-> F = V).

5Consider the following argument: 'If it rains, the ground becomes wet. It is raining. Therefore, the ground becomes wet.' Which valid deductive inference rule is instantiated?

A.Modus Tollens

B.Disjunctive Syllogism

C.Hypothetical Syllogism

D.Modus Ponens

Explanation: This argument exemplifies Modus Ponens (affirming the antecedent), whose canonical formal structure is: P -> Q, P, therefore Q. The first premise affirms a conditional, the second affirms its antecedent, logically validating the consequent.

6Which of the following formal arguments correctly demonstrates the deductive rule of Modus Tollens?

A.If the suspect was in Lisbon, he committed the crime. The suspect did not commit the crime. Therefore, the suspect was not in Lisbon.

B.If the suspect was in Lisbon, he committed the crime. The suspect was in Lisbon. Therefore, he committed the crime.

C.The suspect was either in Lisbon or in Porto. The suspect was not in Porto. Therefore, he was in Lisbon.

D.If the suspect was in Lisbon, he was in Portugal. If he was in Portugal, he was in Europe. Therefore, if he was in Lisbon, he was in Europe.

Explanation: Modus Tollens (denying the consequent) has the formal structure: P -> Q, ~Q, therefore ~P. Denying the consequent in the second premise logically forces the denial of the antecedent in the conclusion.

7What is the canonical valid structure of a Disjunctive Syllogism (Silogismo Disjuntivo)?

A.P v Q, P, therefore ~Q

B.P -> Q, ~P, therefore ~Q

C.P v Q, ~P, therefore Q

D.P ^ Q, ~P, therefore Q

Explanation: Disjunctive Syllogism operates on an inclusive disjunction: given that at least one of P or Q is true, eliminating one disjunct via its negation (~P) deductively guarantees the truth of the remaining disjunct (Q).

8Given the premises: 'If interest rates rise, borrowing decreases' (P -> Q) and 'If borrowing decreases, inflation slows down' (Q -> R), what conclusion logically follows by Hypothetical Syllogism?

A.Borrowing decreases if and only if inflation slows down

B.Interest rates rise, therefore inflation slows down

C.If inflation slows down, interest rates rose

D.If interest rates rise, inflation slows down

Explanation: Hypothetical Syllogism is a valid chaining rule: from P -> Q and Q -> R, one validly infers P -> R. The shared intermediate proposition Q bridges the antecedent of the first conditional to the consequent of the second.

9Which of the following arguments commits the formal fallacy of affirming the consequent (falácia da afirmação do consequente)?

A.If a philosopher is in Coimbra, she is in Portugal. Maria is in Portugal. Therefore, Maria is in Coimbra.

B.If a philosopher is in Coimbra, she is in Portugal. Maria is in Coimbra. Therefore, Maria is in Portugal.

C.If a philosopher is in Coimbra, she is in Portugal. Maria is not in Portugal. Therefore, Maria is not in Coimbra.

D.Either Maria is in Coimbra or she is in Porto. Maria is not in Porto. Therefore, Maria is in Coimbra.

Explanation: The fallacy of affirming the consequent has the invalid form: P -> Q, Q, therefore P. Being in Portugal (Q) does not necessitate being in Coimbra (P), as one could be in Lisbon, Porto, or Braga while the premises remain completely true.

10Why is the argument 'If it freezes tonight, the pond will freeze over; it will not freeze tonight; therefore, the pond will not freeze over' formally invalid?

A.It denies the antecedent: the pond could freeze for some other reason.

B.It affirms the consequent by assuming that the pond froze over.

C.It violates non-contradiction by asserting both P and not-P.

D.It treats an inductive generalisation as if it were a deduction.

Explanation: The argument instantiates the formal fallacy of denying the antecedent: P -> Q, ~P, therefore ~Q. While freezing temperatures guarantee freezing, the conditional does not claim freezing temperatures are the only possible cause of the water freezing.

About the Filosofia (Prova 714) Exam

The Exame Final Nacional de Filosofia (prova 714) is an 11th-grade national secondary exam in Portugal. Since the 2025 reorganization of the Ministry of Education (Decreto-Lei n.º 105/2025), exam papers are prepared by EduQA — Instituto de Educação, Qualidade e Avaliação, I. P., which succeeded IAVE, and the exams are organized and graded under the Júri Nacional de Exames. Written exam on the Aprendizagens Essenciais of Filosofia for the 10th and 11th grades. In 2026, the 10th-grade module 'Temas/problemas do mundo contemporâneo' and the 11th-grade module 'Temas/problemas da cultura científico-tecnológica, de arte e de religião' are not assessed. The paper combines selection items (such as multiple choice) and constructed-response items, scored out of 200 points; answers are written on answer sheets that are later digitized. The exam covers argumentation and logic, free will, ethics (Kant and Mill), political philosophy (Rawls and his critics), knowledge (Descartes and Hume) and philosophy of science (Popper and Kuhn). It counts towards the subject's final grade and can be used as an admission exam (prova de ingresso) for higher education where a course requires it. This bank is an independent English-language multiple-choice study adaptation with 100 original practice questions. It is not affiliated with EduQA or the JNE and does not reproduce the official paper or its constructed-response tasks.

Exam sponsor: EduQA, I. P. (exam papers; successor to IAVE since 2025) with the Júri Nacional de Exames (JNE). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Written exam on the Aprendizagens Essenciais of Filosofia for the 10th and 11th grades. In 2026, the 10th-grade module 'Temas/problemas do mundo contemporâneo' and the 11th-grade module 'Temas/problemas da cultura científico-tecnológica, de arte e de religião' are not assessed. The paper combines selection items (such as multiple choice) and constructed-response items, scored out of 200 points; answers are written on answer sheets that are later digitized.

Time Limit

120 minutes (+ 30 minutes tolerance)

Passing Score

Scored 0–200; counts 25% of the subject grade for internal students; admission-exam minimums are set by institutions (never below 95/200)

Exam / Certification Fees

€0 for on-time students in compulsory education; €3 per exam in other cases; €25 + €3 per exam if registering late

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

~22% of this bank

Argumentation and logic

Propositional logic, validity, fallacies and informal argument.

~18% of this bank

Ethics

Kant's deontology and Mill's utilitarianism, moral relativism and objectivism.

~16% of this bank

Action and free will

Determinism (hard and soft) and libertarianism.

~16% of this bank

Knowledge

Descartes' rationalism and Hume's empiricism.

~14% of this bank

Political philosophy

Rawls' theory of justice and the critiques of Nozick and Sandel.

~14% of this bank

Philosophy of science

Induction, Popper's falsificationism and Kuhn's paradigms.

Preparing for the Filosofia (Prova 714) Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: Scored 0–200; counts 25% of the subject grade for internal students; admission-exam minimums are set by institutions (never below 95/200)
Assessment: Written exam on the Aprendizagens Essenciais of Filosofia for the 10th and 11th grades. In 2026, the 10th-grade module 'Temas/problemas do mundo contemporâneo' and the 11th-grade module 'Temas/problemas da cultura científico-tecnológica, de arte e de religião' are not assessed. The paper combines selection items (such as multiple choice) and constructed-response items, scored out of 200 points; answers are written on answer sheets that are later digitized.
Time limit: 120 minutes (+ 30 minutes tolerance)
Exam / certification fees: €0 for on-time students in compulsory education; €3 per exam in other cases; €25 + €3 per exam if registering late Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

Work through all 100 available questions
Review every answer and explanation
Track weak areas and revisit them
Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Filosofia (Prova 714): Suggested Study Strategy

1Master the difference between validity and truth: an argument can be valid even if its premises are false, but a sound argument requires both validity and true premises.

2Practice propositional logic formalizations and truth tables, ensuring you can quickly identify Modus Ponens, Modus Tollens, and their corresponding fallacies.

3Compare Kant's deontological ethics with Mill's utilitarianism on concrete ethical dilemmas, highlighting the moral relevance of motives versus consequences.

4Understand Rawls's veil of ignorance and why rational agents in the original position would adopt the maximin strategy to prioritize the least advantaged.

5Contrast Descartes's rationalist foundationalism with Hume's empiricist skepticism regarding induction and necessary causal connections.

6Analyze the debate on scientific progress: differentiate Popper's view of cumulative progress through rational falsification from Kuhn's view of discontinuous paradigm shifts characterized by incommensurability.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who prepares and grades the exam?

Since the 2025 reorganization (Decreto-Lei n.º 105/2025), exam papers are prepared by EduQA — Instituto de Educação, Qualidade e Avaliação, I. P., which succeeded IAVE. The exams are run in schools and graded under the Júri Nacional de Exames (JNE).

How is the exam structured?

Is there a pass mark?

No single pass mark: the exam is scored 0–200. For internal students it counts for 25% of the final subject grade (CFD = 0.75 × internal grade + 0.25 × exam); for external candidates the exam grade is the subject grade, so at least 95/200 is needed. When used as an admission exam (prova de ingresso), each higher-education institution sets the minimum, never below 95/200.

How much does it cost?

Free for students in compulsory education who register on time and for internal students in the 1st phase; €3 per exam for 2nd-phase grade improvement, for external candidates (autopropostos) outside compulsory education and for external grade improvement; late registration costs €25 plus €3 per exam (JNE/DGES Guia Geral de Exames 2026).

Which topics are excluded in 2026?

According to the 2026 Informação-Prova, two optional modules are not assessed: 'Temas/problemas do mundo contemporâneo' (10th grade) and 'Temas/problemas da cultura científico-tecnológica, de arte e de religião' (11th grade).

How does this practice bank relate to the official exam?

This bank is an independent English-language multiple-choice study adaptation with 100 original practice questions. It is not affiliated with EduQA or the JNE and does not reproduce the official paper or its constructed-response tasks. Use it to review content and concepts alongside official Informação-Prova documents and past papers.

Free Practice Questions for Filosofia (Prova 714)

Explore More Portugal National Secondary Education Final Examinations (Exames Nacionais do Ensino Secundário — EduQA)

Portugal National Secondary Examination — Alemão (Prova 501)

Portugal National Secondary Examination — Biologia e Geologia (Prova 702)

Portugal National Secondary Examination — Desenho A (Prova 706)

Portugal National Secondary Examination — Economia A (Prova 712)

Portugal National Secondary Examination — Espanhol (Provas 547/847)

Portugal National Secondary Examination — Física e Química A (Prova 715)