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Key Facts: Biologia e Geologia (Prova 702) Exam

702

National exam code for Biologia e Geologia

EduQA Informação-Prova 2026

120 minutes

Duration: 120 minutes (+ 30 minutes tolerance)

EduQA Informação-Prova 2026

0–200

Scoring scale; admission minimums are set by institutions (never below 95)

JNE/DGES Guia Geral de Exames 2026

€0 / €3

Free for on-time students in compulsory education; €3 per exam in other cases

JNE/DGES Guia Geral de Exames 2026

EduQA

Exam papers prepared by EduQA, I. P. (successor to IAVE)

Decreto-Lei n.º 105/2025

Portugal's Exame Nacional de Biologia e Geologia (702) is an 11th-grade national exam prepared by EduQA (formerly IAVE): 120 minutes (+ 30 minutes tolerance), scored 0–200. This free bank offers 100 English-language multiple-choice questions on biodiversity, obtaining and distributing matter, energy transformation, cell renewal, reproduction, evolution and systematics, geological methods, volcanism and seismology, rocks and deformation, and geological resources.

Sample Biologia e Geologia (Prova 702) Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Biologia e Geologia (Prova 702) exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1How do photoautotrophic organisms fundamentally differ from chemoheterotrophic organisms in their nutritional strategy?
A.Photoautotrophs fix atmospheric nitrogen into sugars; chemoheterotrophs take nitrogen only from minerals.
B.Photoautotrophs depend on external organic matter; chemoheterotrophs get energy from the photolysis of water.
C.Photoautotrophs do not respire, only photosynthesize; chemoheterotrophs obtain energy only by fermentation.
D.Photoautotrophs make organic matter from CO2 using light; chemoheterotrophs take in ready-made organic matter.
Explanation: Photoautotrophs, such as green plants and cyanobacteria, use solar electromagnetic radiation to convert inorganic carbon (CO2) and water into organic sugars. Chemoheterotrophs, including animals and fungi, cannot fix inorganic carbon and must obtain both organic carbon skeletons and chemical bond energy by consuming other organisms. Both groups perform cellular respiration to oxidize metabolic fuels for ATP production.
2Which cellular transport mechanism allows single-celled heterotrophs like Amoeba to engulf large particulate organic matter into food vacuoles for intracellular digestion?
A.Pinocytosis
B.Exocytosis
C.Simple diffusion
D.Phagocytosis
Explanation: Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis in which a cell extends pseudopodia to engulf large solid particles or whole cells, forming an internal phagosome or food vacuole. Lysosomes then fuse with this vacuole to deliver hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion. Pinocytosis ingests extracellular fluid droplets rather than large solid particles.
3Why does a complete digestive tract with two separate openings (mouth and anus) represent an evolutionary advantage over a gastrovascular cavity with a single opening?
A.Digestion no longer needs hydrolytic enzymes in the lumen of the gut.
B.All absorption takes place by phagocytosis in the cells lining the tube.
C.The animal cannot eat again until the wastes of the last meal are expelled.
D.Food moves one way, so successive regions can specialize in digestion and absorption.
Explanation: A complete digestive tract allows one-way flow of ingested food from anterior to posterior. This anatomical arrangement allows different zones along the alimentary canal to become specialized for distinct functions—such as storage, mechanical grinding, acid hydrolysis, enzymatic breakdown, and absorption—without mixing freshly eaten food with digested wastes. Gastrovascular cavities require two-way movement through a single opening, limiting functional compartmentalization.
4In vascular plant roots, water and dissolved mineral ions traveling through the apoplast are intercepted at the endodermis by the Casparian strip. What is the physiological consequence of this structural barrier?
A.Water is forced out through root lenticels back into the soil.
B.Mineral ions enter the phloem directly, bypassing the xylem.
C.All water transport into the xylem stops at the endodermis.
D.Water and solutes must cross endodermal cell membranes, which control what enters the xylem.
Explanation: The Casparian strip is an impermeable band of suberin embedded in the transverse and radial cell walls of endodermal root cells. It blocks the continuous apoplastic movement of water and dissolved minerals through cell walls and intercellular spaces. Consequently, water and solutes must cross the selectively permeable plasma membrane into the symplast, allowing root cells to selectively filter nutrients and exclude toxins before sap enters the xylem.
5According to the cohesion-tension-transpiration theory (Dixon model), what provides the primary pulling force for the upward ascent of xylem sap in tall vascular plants?
A.Active pumping of water by living xylem cells
B.Positive pressure from cell division in the apical meristems
C.Capillarity due to the absence of hydrogen bonds between water molecules
D.Transpiration, which creates a tension that pulls cohesive water columns up
Explanation: The Dixon cohesion-tension model states that solar evaporation of water from stomatal pores in leaves (transpiration) lowers the water potential in leaf mesophyll air spaces. This creates a negative hydrostatic pressure (tension) that pulls water from xylem conduits. Because water molecules are cohesive due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding and adhere to hydrophilic xylem walls, continuous uninterrupted water columns are drawn upward from roots to foliage.
6Which physiological sequence correctly describes the opening of plant stomata under daylight conditions in response to guard cell regulation?
A.K+ leaves guard cells → water leaves by osmosis → cells become flaccid → pore opens
B.Abscisic acid is produced → starch accumulates → water is lost → pore opens
C.H+ pumped out → K+ enters guard cells → water enters by osmosis → turgid cells bend → pore opens
D.H+ enters guard cells → Cl− leaves → cells dehydrate → pore is pulled open
Explanation: In response to light, plasma membrane H+-ATPases actively pump protons out of guard cells, establishing an inside-negative electrical potential that drives potassium ion (K+) influx through voltage-gated inward channels. As cytosolic K+ and counter-ions (such as malate and Cl-) accumulate, intracellular water potential decreases, triggering osmotic water uptake. As guard cell turgor increases, radial cellulose microfibril reinforcement causes the cells to bow outward, widening the stomatal aperture.
7Under conditions of high soil moisture and high atmospheric humidity at night, some herbaceous plants exude droplets of xylem sap from hydathodes along leaf margins. What biological mechanism is responsible for this guttation?
A.Rapid transpiration pulling sap out through open stomata
B.Tension created by intense photosynthesis in mesophyll cells
C.Repulsion between water and the lignified walls of the xylem
D.Root pressure: active ion uptake into the xylem draws water in by osmosis
Explanation: When transpiration is negligible (e.g., at night when humidity is near 100% and stomata are closed), root endodermal cells continue actively pumping inorganic ions into the central xylem. This accumulation of solutes decreases xylem water potential below that of the soil solution, driving water inward by osmosis. The resulting positive hydrostatic pressure (root pressure) forces xylem sap upward through stems and out through specialized leaf margin pores called hydathodes (guttation).
8In the Münch pressure-flow hypothesis for phloem translocation, how is bulk flow of elaborated sap from source to sink tissues initiated and maintained?
A.Diffusion of sucrose, with no change in pressure or water movement
B.Evaporation at the sink pulls sap through dead sieve tubes
C.Active sucrose loading at the source draws in water, raising pressure that pushes sap to sinks
D.Companion cells contract rhythmically and pump sap through the sieve plates
Explanation: According to the Münch pressure-flow model, companion cells actively pump sucrose into sieve tube elements at photosynthetic sources (such as mature leaves). This solute accumulation sharply lowers the water potential inside the phloem, drawing water from adjacent xylem vessels by osmosis. The resulting high hydrostatic turgor pressure at the source forces the elaborated sap through sieve plates toward sinks (such as roots or fruits), where sucrose is unloaded and water returns to the xylem.
9In an open circulatory system, such as that found in arthropods and most molluscs, what fluid bathes the internal tissues directly within the hemocoel?
A.Cytosol
B.Blood confined to capillaries
C.Lymph returned to veins
D.Hemolymph
Explanation: In open circulatory systems, there is no structural distinction between circulating blood and interstitial tissue fluid. The heart pumps a combined extracellular fluid known as hemolymph through short vessels directly into open tissue spaces and sinuses called the hemocoel, where it directly bathes body cells. In closed systems, blood remains strictly enclosed within specialized vessels separate from interstitial fluid.
10How does the circulatory system of an adult amphibian differ fundamentally from the double complete circulatory system of a mammal or bird?
A.A single circulation with a two-chambered heart
B.An open circulation without capillaries
C.Three chambers (two atria, one ventricle) and some mixing
D.Four separate chambers, with no mixing of blood
Explanation: Adult amphibians possess a double incomplete circulatory system powered by a three-chambered heart consisting of two atria and a single ventricle. Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs/skin enters the left atrium, while deoxygenated systemic blood enters the right atrium. Both atria empty into the single ventricle, where partial mixing of blood occurs before it is pumped out into the pulmocutaneous and systemic circuits. Mammals and birds possess a four-chambered heart with a complete interventricular septum that prevents mixing.

About the Biologia e Geologia (Prova 702) Exam

The Exame Final Nacional de Biologia e Geologia (prova 702) is an 11th-grade national secondary exam in Portugal. Since the 2025 reorganization of the Ministry of Education (Decreto-Lei n.º 105/2025), exam papers are prepared by EduQA — Instituto de Educação, Qualidade e Avaliação, I. P., which succeeded IAVE, and the exams are organized and graded under the Júri Nacional de Exames. Written exam on the Aprendizagens Essenciais of Biologia e Geologia for the 10th and 11th grades, with a balanced distribution between biology and geology and between the two school years; practical/experimental work and science–technology–society–environment issues are assessed. The ColorADD colour code may be used. The paper combines selection items (such as multiple choice) and constructed-response items, scored out of 200 points; answers are written on answer sheets that are later digitized. The exam covers biodiversity, obtaining and distributing matter, energy transformation, cell renewal, reproduction, evolution and systematics, geological methods, volcanism and seismology, rocks and deformation, and geological resources. It counts towards the subject's final grade and can be used as an admission exam (prova de ingresso) for higher education where a course requires it. This bank is an independent English-language multiple-choice study adaptation with 100 original practice questions. It is not affiliated with EduQA or the JNE and does not reproduce the official paper or its constructed-response tasks.

Exam sponsor: EduQA, I. P. (exam papers; successor to IAVE since 2025) with the Júri Nacional de Exames (JNE). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Written exam on the Aprendizagens Essenciais of Biologia e Geologia for the 10th and 11th grades, with a balanced distribution between biology and geology and between the two school years; practical/experimental work and science–technology–society–environment issues are assessed. The ColorADD colour code may be used. The paper combines selection items (such as multiple choice) and constructed-response items, scored out of 200 points; answers are written on answer sheets that are later digitized.

Time Limit

120 minutes (+ 30 minutes tolerance)

Passing Score

Scored 0–200; counts 25% of the subject grade for internal students; admission-exam minimums are set by institutions (never below 95/200)

Exam / Certification Fees

€0 for on-time students in compulsory education; €3 per exam in other cases; €25 + €3 per exam if registering late

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

~19% of this bank

Structure and dynamics of the geosphere

Plate tectonics, volcanism, seismology and Earth's internal structure.

~12% of this bank

Geology and its methods

Earth subsystems, geological principles and dating.

~11% of this bank

Obtaining and distributing matter

Membrane transport, nutrition and transport in plants and animals.

~11% of this bank

Rocks and deformation

Sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks, rock cycle, folds and faults.

~11% of this bank

Cell growth and renewal

DNA, protein synthesis and the cell cycle.

~10% of this bank

Evolution and systematics

Origin of eukaryotes, evolutionary theories and classification.

~10% of this bank

Reproduction

Asexual and sexual reproduction, meiosis and life cycles.

~8% of this bank

Energy transformation

Fermentation, aerobic respiration and gas exchange.

~6% of this bank

Geological resources

Groundwater, mineral and energy resources and sustainability.

~2% of this bank

Biodiversity and cells

Levels of organization and prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Preparing for the Biologia e Geologia (Prova 702) Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Scored 0–200; counts 25% of the subject grade for internal students; admission-exam minimums are set by institutions (never below 95/200)
  • Assessment: Written exam on the Aprendizagens Essenciais of Biologia e Geologia for the 10th and 11th grades, with a balanced distribution between biology and geology and between the two school years; practical/experimental work and science–technology–society–environment issues are assessed. The ColorADD colour code may be used. The paper combines selection items (such as multiple choice) and constructed-response items, scored out of 200 points; answers are written on answer sheets that are later digitized.
  • Time limit: 120 minutes (+ 30 minutes tolerance)
  • Exam / certification fees: €0 for on-time students in compulsory education; €3 per exam in other cases; €25 + €3 per exam if registering late Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Biologia e Geologia (Prova 702): Suggested Study Strategy

1Master the distinction between relative dating principles (superposition, cross-cutting, faunal succession) and absolute radiometric dating calculations.
2Understand the mechanics of the cohesion-tension theory in xylem and the pressure-flow hypothesis in phloem.
3Connect cellular respiration and fermentation by comparing electron acceptors, ATP yields, and specific cellular locations.
4Carefully study seismic wave propagation (P-wave vs S-wave shadow zones) and how velocity discontinuities reveal the internal layers of Earth.
5Review Bowen's reaction series to understand mineral crystallization sequence, magma differentiation, and rock silica content.
6Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis stages, paying special attention to prophase I crossing-over and anaphase I homologous separation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who prepares and grades the exam?

Since the 2025 reorganization (Decreto-Lei n.º 105/2025), exam papers are prepared by EduQA — Instituto de Educação, Qualidade e Avaliação, I. P., which succeeded IAVE. The exams are run in schools and graded under the Júri Nacional de Exames (JNE).

How is the exam structured?

Written exam on the Aprendizagens Essenciais of Biologia e Geologia for the 10th and 11th grades, with a balanced distribution between biology and geology and between the two school years; practical/experimental work and science–technology–society–environment issues are assessed. The ColorADD colour code may be used. The paper combines selection items (such as multiple choice) and constructed-response items, scored out of 200 points; answers are written on answer sheets that are later digitized.

Is there a pass mark?

No single pass mark: the exam is scored 0–200. For internal students it counts for 25% of the final subject grade (CFD = 0.75 × internal grade + 0.25 × exam); for external candidates the exam grade is the subject grade, so at least 95/200 is needed. When used as an admission exam (prova de ingresso), each higher-education institution sets the minimum, never below 95/200.

How much does it cost?

Free for students in compulsory education who register on time and for internal students in the 1st phase; €3 per exam for 2nd-phase grade improvement, for external candidates (autopropostos) outside compulsory education and for external grade improvement; late registration costs €25 plus €3 per exam (JNE/DGES Guia Geral de Exames 2026).

Is the exam balanced between biology and geology?

Yes. The 2026 Informação-Prova states that the exam is balanced between the biology and geology domains and between the 10th and 11th grades, and that experimental work can be assessed across the paper.

How does this practice bank relate to the official exam?

This bank is an independent English-language multiple-choice study adaptation with 100 original practice questions. It is not affiliated with EduQA or the JNE and does not reproduce the official paper or its constructed-response tasks. Use it to review content and concepts alongside official Informação-Prova documents and past papers.