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Key Facts: Geografia A (Prova 719) Exam

719

National exam code for Geografia A

EduQA Informação-Prova 2026

120 minutes

Duration: 120 minutes (+ 30 minutes tolerance)

EduQA Informação-Prova 2026

0–200

Scoring scale; admission minimums are set by institutions (never below 95)

JNE/DGES Guia Geral de Exames 2026

€0 / €3

Free for on-time students in compulsory education; €3 per exam in other cases

JNE/DGES Guia Geral de Exames 2026

EduQA

Exam papers prepared by EduQA, I. P. (successor to IAVE)

Decreto-Lei n.º 105/2025

Portugal's Exame Nacional de Geografia A (719) is an 11th-grade national exam prepared by EduQA (formerly IAVE): 120 minutes (+ 30 minutes tolerance), scored 0–200. This free bank offers 100 English-language multiple-choice questions on Portugal's territory and population, natural resources (subsoil, solar radiation, water and the sea), rural and urban spaces, transport and communication, and Portugal in the European Union.

Sample Geografia A (Prova 719) Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Geografia A (Prova 719) exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which of Portugal's three major morphostructural units covers the largest territorial area of Mainland Portugal?
A.The Western Meso-Cenozoic Basin (Orla Ocidental)
B.The Tagus and Sado Cenozoic Basin
C.The Hesperian Massif (Maciço Hespérico)
D.The Southern Meso-Cenozoic Basin (Orla Meridional)
Explanation: The ancient Hesperian Massif (Maciço Hespérico), composed of ancient Paleozoic and Precambrian crystalline rocks such as granites and schists, covers roughly 70% of Mainland Portugal's territory. The Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary borders and the Tagus and Sado basins occupy the remaining western and southern portions.
2Regarding mainland Portugal's geographical position in the European context, which statement accurately describes its location?
A.Inside the continent, far from the main sea routes
B.In central southern Europe, on the Mediterranean, with no Atlantic coast
C.At the south-western edge of Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula, facing the Atlantic
D.At the north-western tip of Europe, facing the North Sea and the Bay of Biscay
Explanation: Mainland Portugal occupies the southwestern extremity of Europe on the western flank of the Iberian Peninsula, bordered to the north and east by Spain and to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean. This Atlantic coastal frontage gives it strategic importance as a maritime bridge between Europe, the Americas, and Africa.
3What is the geodynamic tectonic setting of the Autonomous Region of the Azores (Região Autónoma dos Açores)?
A.Coral atolls resting on continental crust detached from North America
B.A passive continental margin on the stable European shelf
C.A subduction zone where the African plate sinks under the South American plate
D.Near the junction of the North American, Eurasian and Nubian (African) plates, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Explanation: The Azores archipelago is located in the North Atlantic along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the Azores Triple Junction, where the North American, Eurasian, and African (Nubian) plates meet. This active tectonic setting accounts for frequent seismicity, volcanism, and the archipelago's complex rift geology.
4In contrast to the Azores, what geological mechanism is responsible for the origin of the Madeira Archipelago?
A.Subduction of Atlantic crust beneath the Iberian microplate
B.Continental rifting between Africa and South America
C.Hotspot volcanism within the African plate, away from plate boundaries
D.Folding and thrusting during the Alpine orogeny
Explanation: The Madeira Archipelago (Madeira, Porto Santo, and the Desertas and Selvagens islands) is of intraplate volcanic origin, generated by an oceanic mantle plume (hotspot) on the slow-moving African plate. Unlike the Azores, it is not located on a plate boundary.
5Which climatic transition best summarizes the spatial variability of precipitation and temperature across Mainland Portugal?
A.From a dry Mediterranean north to a humid Atlantic south
B.From a mild, rainy interior to a hot, dry coast
C.From a humid Atlantic north-west to a drier Mediterranean south and south-east
D.Uniform rainfall everywhere, varying only with altitude
Explanation: Mainland Portugal is marked by a clear climatic duality: the Northwest (Minho and Douro Litoral) receives abundant precipitation (>1500-2000 mm/year) with moderate temperatures due to Atlantic air masses, whereas the South (Alentejo and Algarve) and interior valleys have Mediterranean characteristics with low rainfall (<500-600 mm/year) and prolonged summer droughts.
6Why do interior regions such as Trás-os-Montes and Beira Alta experience significantly higher annual thermal amplitudes than coastal areas like Porto and Aveiro?
A.Mountain barriers trap hot desert air along the coast.
B.The interior lies at much lower latitudes than the coast.
C.Greater distance from the sea weakens its moderating effect (continentality).
D.The Gulf Stream flows up the inland river valleys.
Explanation: Annual thermal amplitude (the difference between the mean temperature of the hottest and coldest months) increases from the coast to the interior due to continentality. The ocean has a high specific heat capacity and acts as a thermal buffer moderating coastal temperatures, while inland areas lack this maritime influence and heat up intensely in summer and cool rapidly in winter.
7What is the primary orographic mechanism causing the stark rainfall contrast between the 'Terra Fria' / 'Terra Quente' of Trás-os-Montes and the coastal Minho?
A.The Pyrenees block cold fronts from reaching the Minho.
B.Hot winds from the Sahara dry the Minho and bring storms to the interior.
C.A rift along the Tagus diverts Atlantic depressions away from the north.
D.Mountains such as Marão and Alvão force moist westerly air to rise, leaving the interior in a rain shadow.
Explanation: The mountain barrier formed by the Serra do Marão, Serra do Alvão, and Serra da Peneda/Gerês acts as an orographic barrier (efeito de barreira). Humid air masses coming from the Atlantic are forced to ascend, cool adiabatically, and condense, dropping heavy orographic precipitation on the western slopes (Minho), leaving the eastern leeward side (Trás-os-Montes) in a rain shadow.
8How does the seasonal displacement of the Azores Subtropical Anticyclone influence Portugal's summer weather?
A.It moves south, letting polar depressions bring summer rain.
B.It disappears, letting tropical monsoon rains reach Portugal.
C.It turns into a thermal low that draws in Arctic air.
D.It moves north, bringing stable high pressure that blocks frontal depressions.
Explanation: During the summer months, the Azores Subtropical Anticyclone migrates northward and strengthens over the North Atlantic and the Iberian Peninsula. The resulting atmospheric subsidence prevents cloud formation, creates stable atmospheric conditions, and deflects polar frontal systems northward toward the British Isles, causing Portugal's characteristic hot, dry summer (estio).
9What oceanographic phenomenon occurs along the western coast of mainland Portugal during summer when persistent north/northwesterly winds (Nortada) blow parallel to the coastline?
A.Downwelling, which traps warm water and reduces productivity
B.Upwelling: surface water moves offshore and cold, nutrient-rich water rises
C.Warm tidal bores that flood the Douro and Tagus estuaries
D.Stratification that causes hypoxia and stops sardine spawning
Explanation: Under the influence of the summer 'Nortada' winds blowing equatorward along the western Portuguese coast, the Coriolis effect causes Ekman transport to push surface waters offshore. This displaced surface water is replaced by deep, colder, and nutrient-laden waters (upwelling or ressurgência costeira), which lowers coastal sea surface temperatures and fuels rich phytoplankton blooms vital for sardines and other pelagic fish.
10In the Douro valley, why are many vineyards planted on south-facing slopes (encostas soalheiras)?
A.They receive more direct solar radiation and are warmer than north-facing slopes.
B.They are fully sheltered from wind and frost all year.
C.They receive more rain from Atlantic depressions.
D.Their soils are deeper because erosion deposits sediment there.
Explanation: In the northern hemisphere, slopes facing south receive the Sun's rays at a higher angle and for longer, so they get more solar radiation and are warmer (encostas soalheiras). North-facing slopes (encostas umbrias) are cooler and shadier. In the Douro, sunny slopes favour grape ripening.

About the Geografia A (Prova 719) Exam

The Exame Final Nacional de Geografia A (prova 719) is an 11th-grade national secondary exam in Portugal. Since the 2025 reorganization of the Ministry of Education (Decreto-Lei n.º 105/2025), exam papers are prepared by EduQA — Instituto de Educação, Qualidade e Avaliação, I. P., which succeeded IAVE, and the exams are organized and graded under the Júri Nacional de Exames. Written exam on the Aprendizagens Essenciais of Geografia A for the 10th and 11th grades, using up-to-date national and international data (e.g. CAP and Portugal 2030). NUTS II and NUTS III units follow the division in force since January 2024. The ColorADD colour code may be used. The paper combines selection items (such as multiple choice) and constructed-response items, scored out of 200 points; answers are written on answer sheets that are later digitized. The exam covers Portugal's territory and population, natural resources (subsoil, solar radiation, water and the sea), rural and urban spaces, transport and communication, and Portugal in the European Union. It counts towards the subject's final grade and can be used as an admission exam (prova de ingresso) for higher education where a course requires it. This bank is an independent English-language multiple-choice study adaptation with 100 original practice questions. It is not affiliated with EduQA or the JNE and does not reproduce the official paper or its constructed-response tasks.

Exam sponsor: EduQA, I. P. (exam papers; successor to IAVE since 2025) with the Júri Nacional de Exames (JNE). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Written exam on the Aprendizagens Essenciais of Geografia A for the 10th and 11th grades, using up-to-date national and international data (e.g. CAP and Portugal 2030). NUTS II and NUTS III units follow the division in force since January 2024. The ColorADD colour code may be used. The paper combines selection items (such as multiple choice) and constructed-response items, scored out of 200 points; answers are written on answer sheets that are later digitized.

Time Limit

120 minutes (+ 30 minutes tolerance)

Passing Score

Scored 0–200; counts 25% of the subject grade for internal students; admission-exam minimums are set by institutions (never below 95/200)

Exam / Certification Fees

€0 for on-time students in compulsory education; €3 per exam in other cases; €25 + €3 per exam if registering late

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

~26% of this bank

Natural resources

Relief, climate, water, maritime resources and subsoil resources.

~22% of this bank

Population

Demographic indicators, ageing, migration and distribution.

~17% of this bank

Urban areas and urban network

Internal urban dynamics, metropolitan areas and the urban system.

~15% of this bank

Rural areas

Agrarian structures, CAP, forestry and agricultural change.

~15% of this bank

Transport and communication

Transport networks, accessibility and telecommunications.

~5% of this bank

Portugal in the EU and the environment

Cohesion policy, NUTS, protected areas and Natura 2000.

Preparing for the Geografia A (Prova 719) Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Scored 0–200; counts 25% of the subject grade for internal students; admission-exam minimums are set by institutions (never below 95/200)
  • Assessment: Written exam on the Aprendizagens Essenciais of Geografia A for the 10th and 11th grades, using up-to-date national and international data (e.g. CAP and Portugal 2030). NUTS II and NUTS III units follow the division in force since January 2024. The ColorADD colour code may be used. The paper combines selection items (such as multiple choice) and constructed-response items, scored out of 200 points; answers are written on answer sheets that are later digitized.
  • Time limit: 120 minutes (+ 30 minutes tolerance)
  • Exam / certification fees: €0 for on-time students in compulsory education; €3 per exam in other cases; €25 + €3 per exam if registering late Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
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Geografia A (Prova 719): Suggested Study Strategy

1Master Portugal's three major morphostructural units: the ancient Hesperian Massif (Maciço Hespérico), the Western and Southern Meso-Cenozoic Sedimentary Basins (Bacias Sedimentares Meso-Cenozoicas), and the Tagus and Sado Cenozoic Sedimentary Basins (Bacias Sedimentares do Tejo e do Sado).
2Understand the climatic transition across mainland Portugal: the humid, rainy Northwestern Atlantic influence contrasted with the hot, dry Mediterranean summer conditions in the South (Alentejo and Algarve) and the inland thermal amplitude of Trás-os-Montes.
3Memorize demographic formulas and indices: Natural Balance, Migration Balance, Total Population Growth Rate, Ageing Index (Indice de Envelhecimento: population aged 65+ divided by population aged 0-14 multiplied by 100), and Dependency Ratios.
4Contrast Portuguese agrarian regions: the fragmented minifundia, polyculture, and bocage enclosed fields of the North and Central Littoral versus the extensive latifundia, monoculture, and open-field montado systems of the Alentejo.
5Analyze the urban hierarchy and asymmetric spatial distribution: the bipolar concentration in the Lisbon and Porto Metropolitan Areas (Áreas Metropolitanas de Lisboa e do Porto) and the contrast with the low-density, depopulated interior.
6Examine transport connectivity: understand the significance of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) Atlantic Corridor, the technical challenge of Iberian rail gauge (1668 mm) versus standard European UIC gauge (1435 mm), and the strategic role of the Port of Sines.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who prepares and grades the exam?

Since the 2025 reorganization (Decreto-Lei n.º 105/2025), exam papers are prepared by EduQA — Instituto de Educação, Qualidade e Avaliação, I. P., which succeeded IAVE. The exams are run in schools and graded under the Júri Nacional de Exames (JNE).

How is the exam structured?

Written exam on the Aprendizagens Essenciais of Geografia A for the 10th and 11th grades, using up-to-date national and international data (e.g. CAP and Portugal 2030). NUTS II and NUTS III units follow the division in force since January 2024. The ColorADD colour code may be used. The paper combines selection items (such as multiple choice) and constructed-response items, scored out of 200 points; answers are written on answer sheets that are later digitized.

Is there a pass mark?

No single pass mark: the exam is scored 0–200. For internal students it counts for 25% of the final subject grade (CFD = 0.75 × internal grade + 0.25 × exam); for external candidates the exam grade is the subject grade, so at least 95/200 is needed. When used as an admission exam (prova de ingresso), each higher-education institution sets the minimum, never below 95/200.

How much does it cost?

Free for students in compulsory education who register on time and for internal students in the 1st phase; €3 per exam for 2nd-phase grade improvement, for external candidates (autopropostos) outside compulsory education and for external grade improvement; late registration costs €25 plus €3 per exam (JNE/DGES Guia Geral de Exames 2026).

Which territorial units are used?

Whenever NUTS II or NUTS III units are asked for, the 2026 exam uses the division in force since January 2024, which created the NUTS II regions Grande Lisboa, Península de Setúbal and Oeste e Vale do Tejo.

How does this practice bank relate to the official exam?

This bank is an independent English-language multiple-choice study adaptation with 100 original practice questions. It is not affiliated with EduQA or the JNE and does not reproduce the official paper or its constructed-response tasks. Use it to review content and concepts alongside official Informação-Prova documents and past papers.