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Key Facts: Egzamin Komorniczy Exam

3 days

Length of the official written bailiff exam

4 parts

Written case-based parts

1,200 min

Total time across three days (20 hours)

PLN 3,364.20

Official exam fee in 2026

Grade 3

Minimum grade required in each part (scale 2–6)

2 years

Bailiff traineeship (aplikacja komornicza); appointment also requires 2 years as an assessor

Poland's court bailiff exam (egzamin komorniczy) consists of 4 written parts over 3 days. It costs PLN 3,364.20 in 2026, lasts 1,200 minutes in total, and requires a grade of at least 3 in every part. These 100 questions are an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation by OpenExamPrep for reviewing enforcement procedure, bailiff law, costs and ethics. They are not an official translation or a simulation of the written tasks.

Sample Egzamin Komorniczy Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Egzamin Komorniczy exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Under Article 777 § 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Kodeks postępowania cywilnego — KPC), which of the following is an enforcement title (tytuł egzekucyjny)?
A.A bill of exchange signed by the debtor, without any court order
B.A first-instance judgment that is neither final nor immediately enforceable
C.A settlement concluded before a court
D.A settlement reached before a mediator that the court has not approved
Explanation: Article 777 § 1 pkt 1 KPC lists as enforcement titles court decisions that are final or immediately enforceable, and settlements concluded before a court. Other titles include final or immediately enforceable decisions of a court referendary (pkt 1¹), acts enforceable by statute (pkt 3), and notarial deeds of submission to enforcement (pkt 4–6).
2Under Article 776 KPC, what is the basis for enforcement by a bailiff?
A.An enforcement title with an enforcement clause (unless a statute says otherwise)
B.Any written demand for payment that the debtor has signed
C.A decision of the president of the district court approving the creditor's request for enforcement
D.An enforcement title alone, as a clause is needed only for foreign judgments
Explanation: Article 776 KPC provides that the basis of enforcement is an executory title (tytuł wykonawczy). This is an enforcement title (tytuł egzekucyjny) with an enforcement clause (klauzula wykonalności) granted by the court, unless a statute provides otherwise. Some titles, such as a final bailiff's cost decision (Article 770¹), are enforceable without a clause.
3Under Article 805 § 1 KPC, what must the bailiff serve on the debtor at the first enforcement act?
A.A summons to appear before the district court for questioning about the debt and the debtor's income
B.A call to pay within two weeks under pain of description and valuation of property
C.A list of the debtor's assets that the creditor has identified
D.A notice of initiation of enforcement, stating the title and method and giving instructions
Explanation: Under Article 805 § 1 KPC, at the first enforcement act the debtor is served with a notice of initiation of enforcement (zawiadomienie o wszczęciu egzekucji). It states the content of the executory title and the method of enforcement, and instructs the debtor on how to challenge the enforcement clause. A copy of the executory title is attached, and the bailiff also explains the limits of enforcement and the protected amounts in bank accounts.
4Under Article 829 KPC, which item is exempt from enforcement?
A.A sports car worth PLN 250,000 used for weekend trips
B.A standard fridge and washing machine needed by the debtor's household
C.Shares in a joint-stock company listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
D.A second flat that the debtor owns and lets out to tenants for monthly rent
Explanation: Article 829 pkt 1 KPC exempts household items needed by the debtor and their household, such as a fridge, washing machine, vacuum cleaner, cooker, beds, table and chairs, and one light per room. This does not apply where their value greatly exceeds the average value of new items of that kind. Other exemptions cover bedding and everyday clothes (pkt 1¹) and food and fuel for one month (pkt 2).
5A bailiff seizes the salary of a full-time employee for an ordinary (non-alimony) debt. Under Article 833 § 1 KPC and Articles 87 and 87¹ of the Labour Code (Kodeks pracy), what limits apply?
A.Up to half of the net salary, with the net minimum wage left free
B.Up to three-fifths of the salary, with no amount left free
C.Up to 90% of the salary, if the debt exceeds PLN 10,000 and is overdue
D.Nothing, because salaries can be seized only for alimony
Explanation: Article 833 § 1 KPC refers to the Labour Code. For non-alimony debts, Article 87 § 3 pkt 2 allows deductions of up to half of the salary, after social security contributions and income tax. Under Article 87¹ § 1 pkt 1, an amount equal to the net minimum wage for full-time work must remain free.
6How much of a debtor's salary may be deducted to enforce child maintenance (alimenty) under Article 87 of the Labour Code?
A.Up to one-fifth, with the net minimum wage left free
B.Up to half, with the net minimum wage left free
C.Up to three-fifths, and the minimum-wage free amount does not apply
D.The whole salary, if the maintenance arrears exceed six months of payments
Explanation: Under Article 87 § 3 pkt 1 of the Labour Code, deductions for alimony may reach three-fifths of the salary. The free amount in Article 87¹ § 1 pkt 1 applies only to non-alimony debts, so it does not protect an alimony debtor. Under Article 87 § 5, bonuses and profit shares may be taken in full for alimony.
7Under Article 889 § 1 KPC, how does a bailiff seize a debtor's bank account?
A.By notifying only the debtor, who must then stop withdrawing money
B.By asking the court to order the bank to close the account
C.By publishing a notice of seizure in the Court and Economic Monitor and on the court's website
D.By telling the bank to block payouts up to the claim and notifying the debtor
Explanation: Under Article 889 § 1 KPC, the bailiff sends the bank a notice of seizure up to the amount enforced plus costs. The bank must not make payments from the account without the bailiff's consent, or must report any obstacle within seven days. The debtor receives a copy of the notice. Under Article 890 § 1, the seizure takes effect on service on the bank and also covers later deposits.
8Under Article 54 ust. 1 of the Banking Law (Prawo bankowe), how much of the funds in a debtor's savings or current account is free from seizure?
A.PLN 500 per calendar quarter
B.Up to 75% of the minimum wage in each calendar month of the seizure
C.The entire balance, if the account is held jointly with another person
D.Nothing, because bank deposits are always fully seizable
Explanation: Under Article 54 ust. 1 of the Banking Law, funds in a person's savings, savings-and-current (ROR) and term savings accounts are free from seizure under a court or administrative executory title. The protected amount is up to 75% of the full-time minimum wage in each calendar month of the seizure, however many accounts the person has. Under ust. 2, a joint account of several natural persons has only one protected amount. Certain social benefits are protected separately (Article 54a).
9After a bailiff seizes the debtor's car, the debtor sells it to a friend. What follows from Article 848 KPC and Article 300 § 2 of the Penal Code (Kodeks karny)?
A.Enforcement may continue against the buyer, and the debtor risks prosecution
B.The sale ends the enforcement, because the car is no longer the debtor's property at all
C.The sale is valid, but the creditor must sue the friend in a new action
D.The bailiff must seize another asset, as seized cars cannot be followed
Explanation: Under Article 848 KPC, disposing of a movable after seizure does not affect the further course of the proceedings, and enforcement may continue against the buyer. The rules protecting good-faith buyers still apply. Under Article 300 § 2 of the Penal Code, disposing of seized assets to frustrate enforcement is punishable by imprisonment from three months to five years.
10Under Article 845 § 2 KPC, when may a bailiff seize the debtor's movables held by a third party?
A.At any time, provided the creditor identifies the items and confirms they are the debtor's
B.Only after a court has ruled in separate proceedings on who owns the items
C.Only if the holder consents or admits the items are the debtor's, or a statute allows it
D.Never, even if the third party admits that the debtor owns them
Explanation: Under Article 845 § 2 KPC, the debtor's movables in a third party's possession may be seized only if that person consents to the seizure or admits that the items belong to the debtor, or in cases provided by statute. Items that the circumstances show are not the debtor's may not be seized. Under § 2¹, in alimony cases the bailiff may also seize items held by someone living with the debtor without their consent, unless they prove the items are theirs.

About the Egzamin Komorniczy Exam

The Polish court bailiff examination (egzamin komorniczy) is the state exam taken after the two-year bailiff traineeship (aplikacja komornicza) or by people with equivalent statutory experience. Passing it is required to become a bailiff assessor and, after at least two years as an assessor, a court bailiff (komornik sądowy). Court bailiffs are public officers acting at district courts who carry out judicial enforcement under the Code of Civil Procedure. The exam tests enforcement procedure, debtor protections and exemptions, fees under the Bailiff Costs Act, and the rules and ethics of the profession.

Exam sponsor: Ministerstwo Sprawiedliwości — examination commissions of six members (four representatives of the Minister of Justice and two bailiffs nominated by the Krajowa Rada Komornicza). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Under Article 117 of the Court Bailiffs Act, the exam has four written parts based on case files or facts. Parts 1 and 2 are tasks on acts within the bailiff's statutory duties. Part 3 is a draft of the bailiff's acts under Article 767 § 5 KPC on a complaint, meaning a justification of the contested act or the decision to grant the complaint. Part 4 is a legal opinion on the rules of the profession and ethics. Under the Minister of Justice's regulation, the exam runs over three consecutive days: 360 minutes, 360 minutes and 480 minutes. Candidates may write by hand or on their own computer and may use statutes, commentaries and case law (Article 118 ust. 4). The 2026 session took place on 14–16 April 2026.

Time Limit

1,200 minutes across 3 days (20 hours in total)

Passing Score

A positive grade (at least dostateczna, 3) in each of the 4 parts; two examiners grade each part on a 2–6 scale, and an average of 3.00 or 3.50 counts as dostateczna

Exam / Certification Fees

PLN 3,364.20

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

~30% of this bank

Civil Enforcement Proceedings (Postępowanie egzekucyjne w KPC)

Enforcement titles and clauses, methods of enforcement (movables, real estate, bank accounts, wages, claims), exemptions from enforcement, auctions and the order of satisfaction.

~25% of this bank

Bailiff Organization and Statutory Tasks (Ustrój komorników sądowych)

Public-officer status, the rewir and the creditor's choice of bailiff, appointment and dismissal, offices and funds, assessors, deputies, and judicial and administrative supervision.

~25% of this bank

Bailiff Costs and Financial Management (Koszty komornicze i finanse)

Proportional and fixed enforcement fees (10%, 3%, 5%), minimum fees, expenses and advances, cost exemptions and reductions, and cost decisions.

~20% of this bank

Complaints, Disciplinary Liability, and Professional Ethics (Skargi, odpowiedzialność, etyka)

Complaints under Article 767 KPC, judicial supervision, civil liability under Article 36 of the Court Bailiffs Act, disciplinary offences and penalties, and the bailiffs' code of ethics.

Preparing for the Egzamin Komorniczy Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: A positive grade (at least dostateczna, 3) in each of the 4 parts; two examiners grade each part on a 2–6 scale, and an average of 3.00 or 3.50 counts as dostateczna
  • Assessment: Under Article 117 of the Court Bailiffs Act, the exam has four written parts based on case files or facts. Parts 1 and 2 are tasks on acts within the bailiff's statutory duties. Part 3 is a draft of the bailiff's acts under Article 767 § 5 KPC on a complaint, meaning a justification of the contested act or the decision to grant the complaint. Part 4 is a legal opinion on the rules of the profession and ethics. Under the Minister of Justice's regulation, the exam runs over three consecutive days: 360 minutes, 360 minutes and 480 minutes. Candidates may write by hand or on their own computer and may use statutes, commentaries and case law (Article 118 ust. 4). The 2026 session took place on 14–16 April 2026.
  • Time limit: 1,200 minutes across 3 days (20 hours in total)
  • Exam / certification fees: PLN 3,364.20 Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
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Egzamin Komorniczy: Suggested Study Strategy

1Learn the exemptions from enforcement in Articles 829, 829¹ and 833 KPC, including the Labour Code limits on wage deductions and the protected amount in bank accounts under Article 54 of the Banking Law.
2Understand the rewir and the creditor's right to choose a bailiff under Article 10 of the Court Bailiffs Act, including excluded cases and the backlog and effectiveness thresholds.
3Memorise the Bailiff Costs Act rates: 10% and 3% in money enforcement, 5% on discontinuance at the creditor's request, the minimum fees and the PLN 50,000 cap.
4Study Article 767 KPC in detail: who may complain, the one-week deadline and the bailiff's three days to grant the complaint or forward it with a justification.
5Know the liability rules: the bailiff and the State Treasury are jointly and severally liable for damage caused by unlawful acts (Article 36 of the Court Bailiffs Act), and liability insurance is compulsory (Article 37).

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the status of a court bailiff (komornik sądowy) in Poland?

Under Article 2 of the Court Bailiffs Act of 22 March 2018, a court bailiff is a public officer (funkcjonariusz publiczny) acting at a district court. Bailiffs are not entrepreneurs and may not run a business (Article 33). They are paid by commission from enforcement fees and exercise public authority in enforcement proceedings.

What is the structure of the Egzamin Komorniczy?

The exam has four written parts over three days (360, 360 and 480 minutes). Parts 1 and 2 are tasks on the bailiff's statutory duties. Part 3 is a draft of the bailiff's acts on a complaint under Article 767 § 5 KPC. Part 4 is a legal opinion on professional rules and ethics.

How are bailiff fees calculated under the Bailiff Costs Act?

Under Article 27 of the Bailiff Costs Act of 28 February 2018, the fee in money enforcement is 10% of the amount enforced, collected from the debtor. It is 3% on amounts the debtor pays to the bailiff within a month of being served the notice of enforcement. Proportional fees in a case may not be lower than PLN 150 or higher than PLN 50,000 (Article 25).

What is the procedure when a complaint is filed against a bailiff's action?

Under Article 767 § 5 KPC, the complaint is filed with the bailiff. Within three days, the bailiff either grants it in full, or prepares a justification of the contested act and forwards it with the complaint and the files to the district court. The court decides within a week (Article 767² § 1).

In what language is the examination conducted?

The official exam is held in Polish. OpenExamPrep provides this English-language multiple-choice practice bank as an independent study tool for reviewing the underlying legal rules, enforcement procedure and fee calculations.