Free Practice Questions for Egzamin Adwokacki

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Key Facts: Egzamin Adwokacki Exam

4 days

Length of the official written bar exam

5 parts

Written case-based drafting parts

1,560 min

Total time across the four days (26 hours)

PLN 3,364.20

Official exam fee in 2026

Grade 3

Minimum grade required in each part (scale 2–6)

3 years

Standard advocate traineeship (aplikacja adwokacka)

Poland's advocate bar exam (egzamin adwokacki) consists of 5 written drafting parts over 4 days. It costs PLN 3,364.20 in 2026, lasts 1,560 minutes in total, and requires a grade of at least 3 in every part. These 100 questions are an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation by OpenExamPrep for reviewing core statutory rules, deadlines and ethics. They are not an official translation or a simulation of the drafting tasks.

Sample Egzamin Adwokacki Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Egzamin Adwokacki exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Under Article 25 § 1 of the Polish Penal Code (Kodeks karny — KK), what is the legal effect of repelling a direct, unlawful assault on any legally protected good in necessary defence (obrona konieczna), without exceeding its limits?

A.The defender commits an offence, but the court may apply extraordinary mitigation of penalty

B.The defender commits an offence but is not subject to penalty (nie podlega karze)

C.The defender does not commit an offence (nie popełnia przestępstwa)

D.The act remains unlawful, but proceedings are discontinued because its social harm is negligible

Explanation: Article 25 § 1 KK states that a person who repels a direct, unlawful assault in necessary defence 'nie popełnia przestępstwa'. Necessary defence is a justification (kontratyp) that removes the unlawfulness of the act. Mitigation and non-punishability only become relevant when the limits of necessary defence are exceeded.

2Under Article 115 § 2 of the Polish Penal Code, which of the following is NOT one of the factors the court considers when assessing the degree of social harm of an act (stopień społecznej szkodliwości czynu)?

A.The perpetrator's previous convictions and personal characteristics

B.The type of precautionary rules breached and the degree of their breach

C.The weight of the duties breached by the perpetrator

D.The form of intent and the perpetrator's motivation

Explanation: Article 115 § 2 KK lists the type and character of the infringed or endangered good, the size of the damage caused or threatened, the manner and circumstances of the act, the weight of the duties breached, the form of intent, the motivation, the type of precautionary rules breached and the degree of their breach. These factors all relate to the act itself. The perpetrator's record and personal characteristics are sentencing factors under Article 53 § 2 and § 2a KK, not elements of social harm.

3Under Article 445 § 1 of the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure (Kodeks postępowania karnego — KPK), what is the time limit for lodging an appeal (apelacja) against a first-instance judgment?

A.7 days from the announcement of the judgment

B.14 days from the announcement of the judgment

C.30 days from service of the judgment with its written reasons

D.14 days from service of the judgment with its written reasons

Explanation: Article 445 § 1 KPK sets a 14-day time limit that runs, for each entitled person, from the date the judgment with its written reasons (uzasadnienie) is served on that person. To obtain the reasons, a party must first file a request within 7 days of the announcement under Article 422 § 1 KPK.

4Under Article 79 § 1 of the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure, which of the following circumstances makes defence counsel mandatory (obrona obowiązkowa) for the accused?

A.The accused is 20 years old and therefore qualifies as a young offender (młodociany) under the Penal Code

B.There is a justified doubt whether the accused was sane when committing the act

C.The accused is a foreign national who does not speak or understand Polish

D.The accused is charged with a misdemeanour (występek) before a district court and has no regular income

Explanation: Article 79 § 1 KPK makes counsel mandatory where the accused is under 18, is deaf, mute or blind, or where there is a justified doubt about their sanity at the time of the act or about whether their mental health allows them to take part in the proceedings and conduct a defence independently and reasonably. Article 80 KPK adds mandatory defence before a regional court when the charge is a crime (zbrodnia).

5A person who was not authorised to adjudicate sat on the panel that issued a criminal judgment. How does Article 439 § 1 pkt 1 KPK treat this defect on appeal?

A.As a relative ground: the judgment is set aside only if the defect could have affected its content (Article 438 pkt 2 KPK)

B.Only as a ground for reopening once the judgment is final, not as an issue on appeal

C.As an absolute ground: the judgment is set aside regardless of the appeal's scope and the defect's effect on the outcome

D.As a defect that is cured unless the defence raised an objection before the first-instance trial was closed

Explanation: Article 439 § 1 pkt 1 KPK lists participation in the ruling of a person who is unauthorised, incapable of adjudicating or subject to exclusion under Article 40 KPK as an absolute ground of appeal (bezwzględna przyczyna odwoławcza). The appellate court must set the ruling aside regardless of the scope of the appeal, the allegations raised and the effect on the content of the ruling. Improper composition of the court is a separate ground under pkt 2.

6Under Article 53 § 1 of the Polish Penal Code, what sets the upper limit on the severity of the penalty the court may impose?

A.The penalty's severity (dolegliwość) must not exceed the degree of the perpetrator's guilt

B.The penalty must not exceed the degree of social harm of the act

C.The penalty must not exceed the penalty requested by the public prosecutor

D.The penalty must not exceed the midpoint of the statutory range unless aggravating circumstances exist

Explanation: Article 53 § 1 KK requires the court to impose a penalty at its discretion within the statutory limits, taking into account social harm, aggravating and mitigating circumstances and the aims of punishment. Its final sentence states that the severity of the penalty may not exceed the degree of guilt (stopień winy), which is the upper limit of punishment.

7Under Article 182 § 1 of the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure, who may refuse to testify as a witness altogether (prawo odmowy zeznań)?

A.A witness whose truthful answers could expose them to criminal liability

B.A witness who is the accused's employer

C.A witness who is the injured party (pokrzywdzony)

D.The accused's sibling, as a closest person (osoba najbliższa)

Explanation: Article 182 § 1 KPK lets a person closest to the accused refuse to testify. 'Osoba najbliższa' is defined in Article 115 § 11 KK and includes the spouse, ascendants, descendants, siblings, relatives by marriage in the same line or degree, adoptive relations and a cohabiting partner. Under § 2 the right survives the end of the marriage or adoption.

8The public prosecutor has filed an indictment. Under Article 54 § 1 KPK, until when may the injured party (pokrzywdzony) declare that they will act as an auxiliary prosecutor (oskarżyciel posiłkowy)?

A.Within 7 days of being notified that the indictment was filed

B.Until the judicial examination (przewód sądowy) begins at the main trial

C.Until the parties' closing speeches at the first-instance trial

D.Only within 14 days after the public prosecutor withdraws the indictment

Explanation: Article 54 § 1 KPK allows the injured party to declare that they will act as an auxiliary prosecutor until the judicial examination begins at the main trial. A separate rule in § 2 applies where the public prosecutor withdraws the indictment: an injured party who had not yet joined may do so within 14 days of being notified of the withdrawal.

9A prosecutor discontinued an investigation twice. The injured party complained both times, and the superior prosecutor upheld the second discontinuance. The client now wants a subsidiary indictment (subsydiarny akt oskarżenia). Under Article 55 § 1–2 KPK, which statement is correct?

A.It must be lodged within 14 days of service of the notice, and the injured party may draft and sign it personally if the prosecutor's decision is attached

B.It must be lodged within 30 days of the first discontinuance decision, before any complaint to the superior prosecutor, or the right lapses

C.It must be lodged within one month of service of the notice and be drafted and signed by a professional attorney, such as an advocate or legal counsel

D.It may be lodged only after a district court, rather than the superior prosecutor, has examined and upheld the second discontinuance

Explanation: Under Article 330 § 2 KPK, an injured party who has twice used their complaint rights may bring a subsidiary indictment after the superior prosecutor upholds the second discontinuance. Article 55 § 1 KPK sets a one-month time limit running from service of the notice that the decision was upheld. Under § 2, the indictment must be drafted and signed by an advocate, a legal counsel (radca prawny) or a counsel of the General Counsel to the Republic of Poland. Drafting an indictment is one of the tasks the criminal-law part of the bar exam may set.

10Under Article 438 pkt 2 KPK, what must an appeal show for a breach of procedural provisions (obraza przepisów postępowania) to justify setting aside or amending the judgment?

A.That the breach could have affected the content of the judgment

B.That the breach actually changed the outcome of the case

C.That the defence objected to the breach at the first-instance hearing and had it recorded in the minutes

D.That the breach was flagrant and could have had a significant effect on the ruling

Explanation: Article 438 pkt 2 KPK treats a procedural breach as a relative ground of appeal only if it could have affected the content of the ruling. The appellant does not have to prove that the outcome would certainly have been different, only that a realistic possibility of influence existed.

About the Egzamin Adwokacki Exam

The Polish advocate bar examination (egzamin adwokacki) is the state licensing exam for people who have completed the three-year advocate traineeship (aplikacja adwokacka) or who qualify through statutory legal experience. Examination commissions appointed by the Minister of Justice run it once a year. In each part, one examiner is nominated by the Minister and one by the Polish Bar Council. The exam tests whether a candidate can practise independently as an advocate (adwokat) in criminal, civil, commercial and administrative matters, while observing the rules of the profession and its ethics.

Exam sponsor: Ministerstwo Sprawiedliwości — examination commissions appointed by the Minister of Justice, with examiners nominated by the Naczelna Rada Adwokacka. The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Under Article 78d of the Bar Act, the exam has five written parts based on case files or facts. Part 1 (criminal law): an indictment or appeal, or a legal opinion if there are no grounds to file one. Part 2 (civil or family law): a statement of claim, application or appeal, or a legal opinion. Part 3 (commercial law): a contract, or a statement of claim, application or appeal, or a legal opinion. Part 4 (administrative law): a complaint to a provincial administrative court or a cassation appeal to the Supreme Administrative Court, or a legal opinion. Part 5: a legal opinion on professional rules or ethics. Under the Minister of Justice's regulation, parts 1–3 last 360 minutes each and parts 4–5 together 480 minutes, on four consecutive days. Candidates may write by hand or on their own computer and may use statutes, commentaries and case law. The 2026 session took place on 21–24 April 2026.

Time Limit

1,560 minutes across 4 days (26 hours in total)

Passing Score

A positive grade (at least dostateczna, 3) in each of the 5 parts; two examiners grade each part on a 2–6 scale, and an average of 3.00 or 3.50 counts as dostateczna

Exam / Certification Fees

PLN 3,364.20

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

Ministry of Justice — Professional Legal Examinations (Zawodowe egzaminy prawnicze) · Source checked 2026-10-08
Polish Bar Council (Naczelna Rada Adwokacka — Adwokatura Polska) · Source checked 2026-10-08
Act of 26 May 1982 — Bar Law (Ustawa — Prawo o adwokaturze, Dz.U. 1982 nr 16 poz. 124) · Source checked 2026-10-08

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

~25% of this bank

Criminal Law and Procedure (Prawo karne i procedura karna)

Penal Code principles, offences and penalties, the Code of Criminal Procedure, grounds of appeal (including absolute grounds under Article 439 KPK), indictments and defence practice.

~25% of this bank

Civil and Family Law (Prawo cywilne, rodzinne i procedura cywilna)

Civil Code obligations, property and contracts, the Family and Guardianship Code, civil procedure deadlines, appeals and cassation appeals.

~20% of this bank

Commercial and Company Law (Prawo gospodarcze i handlowe)

The Commercial Companies Code, corporate governance, commercial contracts, board members' liability, and insolvency and restructuring.

~15% of this bank

Administrative Law and Procedure (Prawo administracyjne i sądowoadministracyjne)

The Code of Administrative Procedure (KPA), proceedings before administrative courts (PPSA), complaints to WSA and cassation appeals to NSA.

~15% of this bank

Advocate Professional Ethics and Practice Rules (Zasady wykonywania zawodu i etyka)

The advocates' code of ethics, the Bar Act, professional secrecy (tajemnica adwokacka), conflicts of interest, client relations and disciplinary liability.

Preparing for the Egzamin Adwokacki Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: A positive grade (at least dostateczna, 3) in each of the 5 parts; two examiners grade each part on a 2–6 scale, and an average of 3.00 or 3.50 counts as dostateczna
Assessment: Under Article 78d of the Bar Act, the exam has five written parts based on case files or facts. Part 1 (criminal law): an indictment or appeal, or a legal opinion if there are no grounds to file one. Part 2 (civil or family law): a statement of claim, application or appeal, or a legal opinion. Part 3 (commercial law): a contract, or a statement of claim, application or appeal, or a legal opinion. Part 4 (administrative law): a complaint to a provincial administrative court or a cassation appeal to the Supreme Administrative Court, or a legal opinion. Part 5: a legal opinion on professional rules or ethics. Under the Minister of Justice's regulation, parts 1–3 last 360 minutes each and parts 4–5 together 480 minutes, on four consecutive days. Candidates may write by hand or on their own computer and may use statutes, commentaries and case law. The 2026 session took place on 21–24 April 2026.
Time limit: 1,560 minutes across 4 days (26 hours in total)
Exam / certification fees: PLN 3,364.20 Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

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Egzamin Adwokacki: Suggested Study Strategy

1Learn the absolute grounds of appeal under Article 439 § 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (KPK) and the grounds of nullity of civil proceedings under Article 379 of the Code of Civil Procedure (KPC).

2Keep track of filing deadlines, such as 14 days for a criminal appeal and two weeks for a civil appeal from service of the judgment with reasons, and 30 days for a complaint to a WSA.

3Understand advocate secrecy under Article 6 of the Bar Act: it is not limited in time, and a defence counsel may never be questioned about what they learned while defending (Article 178 KPK).

4Practise the formal requirements of pleadings and appeals, including the allegations (zarzuty), motions (wnioski) and their justification.

5Review board members' liability under Article 299 of the Commercial Companies Code (KSH) and Article 116 of the Tax Ordinance (Ordynacja podatkowa).

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the structure of the Polish Egzamin Adwokacki?

The exam has five written parts over four consecutive days: criminal law, civil or family law and commercial law (360 minutes each), then administrative law and professional rules/ethics (480 minutes together). Each part is based on case files or facts. The candidate drafts a pleading, appeal, contract or complaint, or a legal opinion if filing would not be justified; part 5 is always a legal opinion.

How is the Egzamin Adwokacki graded?

Each part is graded independently by two examiners on a 2–6 scale (6 celująca, 5 bardzo dobra, 4 dobra, 3 dostateczna, 2 niedostateczna), one nominated by the Minister of Justice and one by the Polish Bar Council. The final grade is the average, and an average of 3.00 or 3.50 counts as dostateczna. A candidate passes only with a positive grade in every part. An appeal against the result lies to the second-level commission at the Minister of Justice within 14 days.

What is the fee for the exam in 2026?

The 2026 fee is PLN 3,364.20, which is 70% of the 2026 minimum monthly wage (PLN 4,806), as set by the Minister of Justice's regulation.

What language is the official exam administered in?

The official exam is held only in Polish. OpenExamPrep provides this English-language multiple-choice practice bank as an independent study adaptation to help candidates and international readers review the underlying legal concepts, statutory frameworks and ethical rules.

Can multiple-choice questions replace drafting practice for the bar exam?

No. The real exam requires drafting complete legal documents (pleadings, appeals, contracts, complaints and legal opinions) from case files. These questions are a review tool for doctrine, procedural time limits and statutory distinctions.