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Key Facts: Egzamin Radcowski Exam

4 days

Length of the official written legal counsel exam

5 parts

Written case-based drafting parts

1,560 min

Total time across the four days (26 hours)

PLN 3,364.20

Official exam fee in 2026

Grade 3

Minimum grade required in each part (scale 2–6)

3 years

Standard legal counsel traineeship (aplikacja radcowska)

Poland's legal counsel exam (egzamin radcowski) consists of 5 written drafting parts over 4 days. It costs PLN 3,364.20 in 2026, lasts 1,560 minutes in total, and requires a grade of at least 3 in every part. These 100 questions are an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation by OpenExamPrep for reviewing key statutes, procedure and ethics. They are not an official translation or a simulation of the drafting tasks.

Sample Egzamin Radcowski Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Egzamin Radcowski exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Under Article 82 of the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure (Kodeks postępowania karnego — KPK), who may act as defence counsel (obrońca)?
A.Any person with a master's degree in law who has the accused's written authorisation
B.Only an advocate, because legal counsels may act only as attorneys for the injured party
C.Only a person entitled to defend under the Bar Act or the Act on Legal Counsels
D.Any advocate, legal counsel, notary or tax adviser whom the accused chooses to appoint
Explanation: Article 82 KPK provides that only a person entitled to act as defence counsel under the rules governing the bar or the Act on Legal Counsels may be defence counsel. Since 1 July 2015, legal counsels (radcowie prawni) may therefore act as defence counsel, subject to Article 8 ust. 6 of the Act on Legal Counsels, which excludes counsels in an employment relationship.
2A suspect demands to be questioned in the presence of the legal counsel they have appointed as defence counsel. What does Article 301 KPK provide?
A.Counsel must be allowed to take part, but counsel's failure to appear does not prevent it
B.The questioning must be postponed until counsel is able to attend, however long that takes
C.The prosecutor may refuse, because counsel's presence at questioning is entirely discretionary
D.Counsel may attend only if the suspect has been arrested or is held in pre-trial detention
Explanation: Under Article 301 KPK, at the suspect's request the suspect must be questioned with the participation of their appointed defence counsel. The second sentence adds that counsel's failure to appear does not prevent the questioning. The authority must therefore notify counsel and allow them to attend, but it need not wait indefinitely.
3Under Article 5 § 2 KPK, how must doubts that cannot be removed be resolved?
A.In favour of the public prosecutor, who represents the public interest
B.By ordering the prosecutor to supplement the investigation until the doubts disappear
C.By weighing them equally between the injured party and the accused
D.In favour of the accused (na korzyść oskarżonego)
Explanation: Article 5 § 2 KPK states that doubts that cannot be removed are resolved in favour of the accused (in dubio pro reo). It complements the presumption of innocence in Article 5 § 1, under which the accused is considered innocent until guilt is proven and established by a final judgment.
4Which principle does Article 1 § 1 of the Polish Penal Code (Kodeks karny — KK) express?
A.Only acts committed with premeditation and full awareness can be punished
B.Liability arises only for an act made punishable by a statute in force when it was committed
C.Ignorance of the law always excludes criminal liability, whatever its cause
D.A criminal statute may apply retroactively if parliament expressly says so in the statute
Explanation: Article 1 § 1 KK provides that criminal liability attaches only to a person who commits an act prohibited under threat of penalty by a statute in force at the time of its commission (nullum crimen sine lege). Article 1 § 2 adds that an act of negligible social harm is not an offence, and § 3 that there is no offence if guilt cannot be attributed.
5Under Article 422 § 1 KPK, within what period must a party request written reasons for a first-instance criminal judgment?
A.14 days from the announcement of the judgment
B.30 days from the announcement of the judgment
C.7 days from the announcement of the judgment
D.3 days from the announcement of the judgment
Explanation: Article 422 § 1 KPK sets a preclusive (zawity) period of 7 days from the announcement of the judgment for a written request for written reasons. The 14-day appeal period under Article 445 § 1 KPK then runs from service of the judgment with reasons.
6A perpetrator acts in the mistaken belief that a circumstance excluding unlawfulness, such as necessary defence, exists. What follows under Article 29 KK?
A.No offence if the mistake was justified; if unjustified, the penalty may be mitigated
B.The perpetrator is always fully liable, because a mistake about a justification is irrelevant
C.The perpetrator is treated as insane and may be subjected to a preventive measure
D.The perpetrator commits no offence, whether or not the mistake was justified
Explanation: Article 29 KK provides that a person who commits a prohibited act in the justified mistaken belief that a circumstance excluding unlawfulness or guilt exists does not commit an offence. If the mistake was unjustified, the court may apply extraordinary mitigation of the penalty.
7Under Article 175 § 1 KPK, what may the accused do when questioned?
A.Refuse to answer only if a forensic doctor certifies that they are unfit to be questioned
B.Remain silent during the investigation, but answer every question put at the trial
C.Refuse to answer, but the refusal must be recorded as an admission of the facts charged
D.Explain, or refuse to explain or to answer particular questions, without giving reasons
Explanation: Article 175 § 1 KPK gives the accused the right to give explanations, and also the right to refuse to answer particular questions or to refuse to give explanations at all, without stating reasons. The accused must be informed of this right. The accused is not a witness and does not testify under the threat of liability for false testimony.
8Under Article 46 § 1 KK, what is the obligation to redress damage (obowiązek naprawienia szkody) that a criminal court imposes on conviction?
A.A non-binding recommendation addressed to the convicted person by the court
B.A compensatory measure, mandatory on the injured party's motion, applying civil law
C.A fee paid into the court's budget instead of a fine, set by the court
D.A measure available only alongside a sentence of unsuspended imprisonment
Explanation: Under Article 46 § 1 KK, on conviction the court may order, and on the motion of the injured party or another entitled person must order, the obligation to redress the damage caused by the offence in whole or in part, or to compensate for harm suffered, applying civil law, except the rules on annuities. It is a compensatory measure (środek kompensacyjny). Under § 2, if this is substantially difficult, the court may instead order a supplementary payment (nawiązka) of up to PLN 200,000.
9A blind accused was tried and convicted by a district court without defence counsel. Under Article 439 § 1 pkt 10 KPK, how must the appellate court treat this?
A.As an absolute ground: the judgment is set aside, only in the accused's favour
B.As a relative ground that matters only if the lack of counsel affected the verdict
C.As a defect cured by the accused's express consent to be tried without counsel
D.As a ground that can be raised only in a cassation, not in an ordinary appeal
Explanation: Under Article 79 § 1 pkt 2 KPK, a blind accused must have defence counsel. Article 439 § 1 pkt 10 KPK makes the absence of counsel in a mandatory-defence case an absolute ground of appeal, so the appellate court must set the judgment aside regardless of the allegations raised. Under § 2, setting aside for the reasons in pkt 9–11 may occur only in the accused's favour.
10What are the features of the offence of mismanagement (niegospodarność) under Article 296 § 1 KK?
A.Any business decision by a manager that does not produce a profit in the financial year
B.A sale below market price that was approved in advance by all of the company's shareholders
C.A manager's abuse of powers or breach of duty causing substantial property damage
D.Late payment of employee bonuses that are due under the company's pay regulations
Explanation: Article 296 § 1 KK penalises a person obliged by statute, decision of an authority or contract to manage the property affairs or business activity of another who, by abusing their powers or failing to perform their duty, causes substantial property damage. Under Article 115 § 7 and § 5 KK, substantial damage means more than PLN 200,000. Section 5 grants non-punishability to a perpetrator who voluntarily redresses the damage in full before criminal proceedings begin.

About the Egzamin Radcowski Exam

The Polish legal counsel examination (egzamin radcowski) is the state licensing exam for people who have completed the three-year legal counsel traineeship (aplikacja radcowska) or who qualify through statutory legal experience. Examination commissions appointed by the Minister of Justice run it once a year. In each part, one examiner is nominated by the Minister and one by the National Council of Legal Counsels. Legal counsels (radcowie prawni) may represent clients in civil, commercial, administrative and labour matters, and may act as criminal defence counsel unless they are in an employment relationship (Article 8 ust. 6 of the Act).

Exam sponsor: Ministerstwo Sprawiedliwości — examination commissions appointed by the Minister of Justice, with examiners nominated by the Krajowa Rada Radców Prawnych. The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Under Article 36⁴ of the Legal Counsels Act, the exam has five written parts based on case files or facts. Part 1 (criminal law): an indictment or appeal, or a legal opinion if there are no grounds to file one. Part 2 (civil or family law): a statement of claim, application or appeal, or a legal opinion. Part 3 (commercial law): a contract, or a statement of claim, application or appeal, or a legal opinion. Part 4 (administrative law): a complaint to a provincial administrative court or a cassation appeal to the Supreme Administrative Court, or a legal opinion. Part 5: a legal opinion on professional rules or ethics. Under the Minister of Justice's regulation, parts 1–3 last 360 minutes each and parts 4–5 together 480 minutes, on four consecutive days. Candidates may write by hand or on their own computer and may use statutes, commentaries and case law. The 2026 session took place on 21–24 April 2026.

Time Limit

1,560 minutes across 4 days (26 hours in total)

Passing Score

A positive grade (at least dostateczna, 3) in each of the 5 parts; two examiners grade each part on a 2–6 scale, and an average of 3.00 or 3.50 counts as dostateczna

Exam / Certification Fees

PLN 3,364.20

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

~25% of this bank

Criminal Law and Procedure (Prawo karne i procedura karna)

Substantive criminal law, criminal procedure remedies, criminal defence by legal counsels, fiscal offences and grounds of appeal.

~25% of this bank

Civil and Family Law (Prawo cywilne, rodzinne i procedura cywilna)

Civil Code obligations and property law, labour disputes, civil procedure remedies, appeals and cassation appeals.

~20% of this bank

Commercial and Company Law (Prawo gospodarcze i handlowe)

The Commercial Companies Code, commercial contracts, restructuring and insolvency, public procurement and commercial litigation.

~15% of this bank

Administrative Law and Procedure (Prawo administracyjne i sądowoadministracyjne)

Administrative proceedings (KPA), judicial review by administrative courts (PPSA), complaints to WSA and cassation appeals to NSA.

~15% of this bank

Legal Counsel Ethics and Practice Rules (Zasady wykonywania zawodu i etyka)

The Legal Counsel Code of Ethics (KERP), the Legal Counsels Act, professional secrecy (tajemnica zawodowa), conflicts of interest for employed counsels and disciplinary rules.

Preparing for the Egzamin Radcowski Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: A positive grade (at least dostateczna, 3) in each of the 5 parts; two examiners grade each part on a 2–6 scale, and an average of 3.00 or 3.50 counts as dostateczna
  • Assessment: Under Article 36⁴ of the Legal Counsels Act, the exam has five written parts based on case files or facts. Part 1 (criminal law): an indictment or appeal, or a legal opinion if there are no grounds to file one. Part 2 (civil or family law): a statement of claim, application or appeal, or a legal opinion. Part 3 (commercial law): a contract, or a statement of claim, application or appeal, or a legal opinion. Part 4 (administrative law): a complaint to a provincial administrative court or a cassation appeal to the Supreme Administrative Court, or a legal opinion. Part 5: a legal opinion on professional rules or ethics. Under the Minister of Justice's regulation, parts 1–3 last 360 minutes each and parts 4–5 together 480 minutes, on four consecutive days. Candidates may write by hand or on their own computer and may use statutes, commentaries and case law. The 2026 session took place on 21–24 April 2026.
  • Time limit: 1,560 minutes across 4 days (26 hours in total)
  • Exam / certification fees: PLN 3,364.20 Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
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Egzamin Radcowski: Suggested Study Strategy

1Review the Legal Counsel Code of Ethics (KERP) on employed legal counsels, independence and conflicts of interest.
2Remember that a legal counsel in an employment relationship may not act as criminal defence counsel (Article 8 ust. 6 of the Legal Counsels Act).
3Practise drafting commercial contracts: representation, conditions, contractual penalties (kara umowna) and dispute resolution clauses.
4Know the deadline for judicial review under the PPSA: 30 days from service of the final administrative decision to file a complaint to a WSA (through the authority).
5Practise identifying grounds of nullity of civil proceedings under Article 379 KPC, such as lack of capacity, improper representation or deprivation of the right to defend.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between an adwokat and a radca prawny in Poland?

Today the two professions have very similar powers: both can represent clients in civil, commercial, administrative and criminal cases. They belong to separate self-governing bodies (the Bar and the National Chamber of Legal Counsels) and follow separate codes of ethics. A radca prawny may work under an employment contract, but under Article 8 ust. 6 of the Legal Counsels Act may act as criminal defence counsel only if not in an employment relationship.

What is the format and duration of the Egzamin Radcowski?

The exam has five written parts over four consecutive days: criminal law, civil or family law and commercial law (360 minutes each), then administrative law and professional rules/ethics (480 minutes together). Each part is based on case files or facts and requires a professional document or, where filing would not be justified, a legal opinion.

How is the passing score determined?

Each part is graded independently by two examiners on a 2–6 scale, and the final grade is the average (3.00 or 3.50 counts as dostateczna). A candidate passes only with a positive grade in every part. An appeal against the result lies to the second-level commission at the Minister of Justice within 14 days (Article 36⁸ of the Act).

What is the fee for the examination in 2026?

The 2026 fee is PLN 3,364.20, which is 70% of the 2026 minimum monthly wage (PLN 4,806), as set by the Minister of Justice's regulation.

In what language is the exam conducted?

The official exam is conducted only in Polish. OpenExamPrep provides this English-language MCQ practice bank as an independent study tool to help candidates review substantive rules, procedural mechanisms and ethical standards.