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Sample PEC EPE Biomedical Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the PEC EPE Biomedical exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Given an intracellular potassium concentration [K+]i of 140 mM and an extracellular concentration [K+]o of 4 mM at normal body temperature (37 °C), what is the potassium equilibrium potential (EK) calculated using the Nernst equation?
A.-95.0 mV
B.-61.5 mV
C.-70.5 mV
D.-12.0 mV
Explanation: At 37 °C (310.15 K), the Nernst factor (RT/zF) * ln(10) is approximately 61.5 mV for a univalent cation (z = +1). EK = 61.5 mV * log10([K+]o / [K+]i) = 61.5 * log10(4 / 140) = 61.5 * log10(0.02857) = 61.5 * (-1.544) ≈ -95.0 mV.
2A patient undergoing cardiac evaluation has an oxygen consumption rate (VO2) of 250 mL/min. Arterial blood gas shows an oxygen content of 0.19 mL O2/mL blood, while mixed venous blood from the pulmonary artery shows 0.14 mL O2/mL blood. What is the patient's cardiac output according to the direct Fick principle?
A.4.2 L/min
B.5.0 L/min
C.6.5 L/min
D.3.8 L/min
Explanation: The Fick principle states that Cardiac Output (CO) = VO2 / (Ca - Cv), where Ca is arterial oxygen concentration and Cv is mixed venous oxygen concentration. Substituting the given values: CO = 250 mL/min / (0.19 mL/mL - 0.14 mL/mL) = 250 / 0.05 = 5000 mL/min = 5.0 L/min.
3A biological transducer system is modeled as a second-order linear differential system with transfer function G(s) = 100 / (s^2 + 12s + 100). What is the damping ratio (zeta) and the expected percentage overshoot (%OS) for a unit step input?
A.zeta = 0.707, %OS ≈ 4.3%
B.zeta = 0.50, %OS ≈ 16.3%
C.zeta = 0.60, %OS ≈ 9.5%
D.zeta = 1.20, %OS = 0%
Explanation: Comparing the denominator s^2 + 12s + 100 to the standard form s^2 + 2*zeta*omega_n*s + omega_n^2: omega_n^2 = 100 => omega_n = 10 rad/s. 2*zeta*omega_n = 12 => 2*zeta*(10) = 12 => zeta = 0.60. The peak percentage overshoot is %OS = 100 * exp(-pi*zeta / sqrt(1 - zeta^2)) = 100 * exp(-pi*0.60 / sqrt(1 - 0.36)) = 100 * exp(-1.88496 / 0.8) = 100 * exp(-2.3562) ≈ 9.48% (≈ 9.5%).
4A clinical renal clearance test uses inulin infusion. The patient's urine inulin concentration is 120 mg/dL, urine flow rate is 1.5 mL/min, and arterial plasma inulin concentration is 1.2 mg/dL. What is the patient's Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
A.175 mL/min
B.125 mL/min
C.100 mL/min
D.150 mL/min
Explanation: Renal clearance is defined as C = (U * V) / P, where U is the urine concentration of the substance, V is the urine flow rate, and P is the plasma concentration. Because inulin is freely filtered at the glomerulus and neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the renal tubules, Cinulin equals GFR. GFR = (120 mg/dL * 1.5 mL/min) / (1.2 mg/dL) = 180 / 1.2 = 150 mL/min.
5During the ventricular myocardial action potential, which ionic current is primarily responsible for the rapid phase 0 depolarization?
A.Inward sodium current (INa) through fast voltage-gated Na+ channels
B.Inward calcium current (ICa-L) through L-type Ca2+ channels
C.Outward potassium current (IKr) through rapid delayed rectifier channels
D.Outward sodium-potassium ATPase pump electrogenic current
Explanation: Phase 0 in non-pacemaker ventricular myocytes is characterized by a rapid upstroke driven by a large transient inward flux of sodium ions (INa) through fast voltage-gated Na+ channels upon reaching threshold potential (~ -65 mV). L-type calcium channels sustain the phase 2 plateau, and delayed rectifier potassium channels mediate phase 3 repolarization.
6A patient breathing ambient air at sea level (barometric pressure PB = 760 mmHg, water vapor pressure PH2O = 47 mmHg at 37 °C) has an arterial PaCO2 of 40 mmHg. Assuming a respiratory exchange ratio (R) of 0.8 and FiO2 of 0.21, what is the alveolar oxygen partial pressure (PAO2)?
A.149.7 mmHg
B.99.7 mmHg
C.119.7 mmHg
D.80.0 mmHg
Explanation: According to the Alveolar Gas Equation: PAO2 = FiO2 * (PB - PH2O) - (PaCO2 / R). Substituting: PAO2 = 0.21 * (760 - 47) - (40 / 0.8) = 0.21 * 713 - 50 = 149.73 - 50 = 99.73 mmHg (≈ 99.7 mmHg).
7Using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) voltage equation at 37 °C, calculate the resting membrane potential (Vm) of a nerve cell given: PK : PNa : PCl = 1.0 : 0.04 : 0.45; [K+]i = 140 mM, [K+]o = 4 mM; [Na+]i = 12 mM, [Na+]o = 145 mM; [Cl-]i = 4 mM, [Cl-]o = 120 mM.
A.-55.2 mV
B.-90.5 mV
C.-75.3 mV
D.-35.0 mV
Explanation: The GHK equation is Vm = 61.5 mV * log10((PK[K+]o + PNa[Na+]o + PCl[Cl-]i) / (PK[K+]i + PNa[Na+]i + PCl[Cl-]o)). Chloride concentrations are reversed relative to the cations because chloride is negatively charged. The numerator is 11.6 and the denominator is 194.48, giving Vm = 61.5 * log10(11.6/194.48) = approximately -75.3 mV. The supplied concentrations and permeabilities determine this answer; a typical physiological baseline cannot replace the calculation.
8In the two-element Windkessel model of the arterial tree, the arterial compliance is C = 1.2 mL/mmHg and total peripheral resistance is R = 0.9 mmHg*s/mL. What is the characteristic time constant (tau) governing the diastolic exponential pressure decay?
A.2.16 seconds
B.0.75 seconds
C.1.33 seconds
D.1.08 seconds
Explanation: In the 2-element Windkessel model, during diastole the aortic valve is closed, and arterial pressure discharges through the peripheral resistance R into venous ground according to P(t) = P_es * exp(-t / tau), where tau = R * C. Here, tau = 0.9 mmHg*s/mL * 1.2 mL/mmHg = 1.08 seconds.
9Using the simplified spherical Laplace approximation sigma = (P * r) / (2 * h), estimate ventricular wall stress for P = 16.0 kPa, r = 3.2 cm, and h = 1.2 cm. Treat the supplied formula as an approximation rather than an exact thick-wall stress solution.
A.21.3 kPa
B.42.7 kPa
C.10.7 kPa
D.64.0 kPa
Explanation: Applying the spherical wall stress formula: sigma = (P * r) / (2 * h). Given P = 16.0 kPa, r = 3.2 cm, and h = 1.2 cm: sigma = (16.0 kPa * 3.2 cm) / (2 * 1.2 cm) = 51.2 / 2.4 = 21.33 kPa ≈ 21.3 kPa.
10A therapeutic antibody exhibits one-compartment elimination kinetics with an elimination rate constant ke = 0.0693 hr^-1. After administering an intravenous bolus, how much time is required for 87.5% of the drug to be eliminated from the plasma?
A.20 hours
B.30 hours
C.10 hours
D.40 hours
Explanation: First, compute the elimination half-life: t1/2 = ln(2) / ke = 0.69315 / 0.0693 hr^-1 = 10 hours. When 87.5% has been eliminated, 12.5% (1/8) of the drug remains. Since (1/2)^3 = 1/8, exactly 3 half-lives have elapsed. Total time = 3 * 10 hours = 30 hours.

About the PEC EPE Biomedical Exam

PEC's Engineering Practice Examination supports progression from Registered Engineer to Professional Engineer. Biomedical Engineering is a named EPE discipline. OpenExamPrep provides independent English-language MCQ practice on biomedical engineering topics. This bank surveys multiple optional Depth areas and does not represent a single examination paper or provide complete preparation for every option.

Exam sponsor: Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Part-I: closed-book MCQs, 2 hours. After a 90-minute break, Part-II: open-book MCQs, 3 hours. Choose one Biomedical Depth area; the published EPE assessment does not list an additional oral, practical, case-study, or assignment component.

Time Limit

3 hours (Part-II); 2 hours (Part-I), with a 90-minute break

Passing Score

60% in each part independently

Exam / Certification Fees

Rs. 5,000 new candidate; Rs. 2,500 single-part reappearance, plus bank charges

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

20% of official Breadth

Mathematics

Mathematical foundations; Breadth totals 25 MCQs.

40% of official Breadth

Engineering foundations

Electrical engineering, physiology, anatomy, digital logic, and electronic circuits.

40% of official Breadth

Bio-instrumentation and electronics

Biomedical signals, instrumentation, and imaging foundations.

35 of 60 official Part-II MCQs

Chosen Depth area

Choose one: Bio-Instrumentation I & II, Biomechanics, Biomedical Modeling & Simulation, or Biomedical Control Systems. Imaging is not listed as a separate Depth option.

Preparing for the PEC EPE Biomedical Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: 60% in each part independently
  • Assessment: Part-I: closed-book MCQs, 2 hours. After a 90-minute break, Part-II: open-book MCQs, 3 hours. Choose one Biomedical Depth area; the published EPE assessment does not list an additional oral, practical, case-study, or assignment component.
  • Time limit: 3 hours (Part-II); 2 hours (Part-I), with a 90-minute break
  • Exam / certification fees: Rs. 5,000 new candidate; Rs. 2,500 single-part reappearance, plus bank charges Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

PEC EPE Biomedical: Suggested Study Strategy

1Confirm your chosen Depth area with PEC before planning revision.
2Work signal, mechanics, and control calculations with explicit units and assumptions.
3Review device-specific safety and Pakistan's DRAP framework rather than treating foreign regulatory rules as Pakistan requirements.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does this bank reproduce the official topic distribution?

This broad topic survey contains 42 foundation/Breadth and 58 Depth study items, approximating the general 25/35 split. Its categories are 15 mathematics/physiology, 15 biomaterials/signals, 12 foundational instrumentation, 13 applied instrumentation, 15 biomechanics, 15 imaging, and 15 control/regulation. Overlapping topics are assigned editorially. These are inventory counts, not PEC subdomain percentages; the bank spans several optional Depth areas and is not a full-paper simulation.

What is the official assessment language?

The PEC syllabus and sample material reviewed are in English. The current sources do not separately confirm assessment-language options, so no exclusive official language is claimed. All our instructions, feedback, and questions are in English; this is independent study material, not an official translation.

What may I bring to Part-II?

PEC permits bound textbooks, reference books, and standards. Loose notes, laptops, and prohibited electronic devices are not permitted. Follow the current candidate instructions for identification and simple calculator requirements.

Are practical experience and CPD separate exam components?

They are eligibility requirements. PEC's published EPE format is two MCQ parts; it does not list mandatory EPE assignments, oral interviews, practical demonstrations, or a separate case-study assessment. Other PE registration routes should not be confused with EPE.