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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: VVS-svendeprøven Exam

Level 4

Qualification level in the Danish Qualifications Framework

BEK nr. 142 af 22/01/2026

2 weeks

Total duration of the final three-part svendeprøve period

EVU Censorvejledning

3 sub-tests

Written test, balancing test, and project oral defense (all must pass)

BEK nr. 142/2026 § 23

50°C / 55°C

Minimum hot water distribution and storage temperatures under DS 439

DS 439 Vandinstallationer

Grade 02

Minimum passing grade required in each sub-test

BEK nr. 142/2026

EVU's VVS-energispecialist svendeprøve is a 2-week, three-part assessment of installation and energy-system design, documented project work, oral defense, and hydronic balancing.

Sample VVS-svendeprøven Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your VVS-svendeprøven exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Under Danish standard DS 439 (Norm for vandinstallationer) and Danish health guidelines, what are the mandatory temperature thresholds for domestic hot water (brugsvand) storage and delivery to prevent the proliferation of Legionella pneumophila?

A.Minimum 45°C in the storage calorifier and minimum 40°C at tapping points

B.Minimum 55°C in the storage calorifier and minimum 50°C at all tapping points

C.Minimum 65°C in the storage calorifier and minimum 60°C at all tapping points

D.Minimum 75°C in the storage calorifier and minimum 70°C at all tapping points

Explanation: DS 439 requires domestic hot water to be stored at a minimum of 55°C in the storage cylinder (calorifier) or heat exchanger and maintain at least 50°C at every tapping point during normal circulation and draw-off. Legionella pneumophila multiplies rapidly in stagnant water between 20°C and 45°C, while sustained temperatures of 50°C–55°C inhibit growth and temperatures above 60°C rapidly destroy the bacteria.

2A residential distribution pipe supplies three washbasins (håndvaske, norm flow 0.10 l/s each) and one kitchen sink (køkkenvask, norm flow 0.20 l/s), giving a total connected fixture flow of Σqn = 0.50 l/s. Under the DS 439 simultaneous demand principle (sandsynlighedssammenhæng), what is the design peak flow (spidsbelastning qs) for this residential branch?

A.0.50 l/s

B.0.35 l/s

C.0.20 l/s

D.0.10 l/s

Explanation: Under the DS 439 probability model (sandsynlighedssammenhæng), sanitary fixtures in residential dwellings are not used simultaneously at full continuous load. When the sum of norm flows is small (Σqn = 0.50 l/s), the simultaneous flow matches the single largest draw-off fixture likely to operate, which is the kitchen sink at qs = 0.20 l/s.

3Under DS 439, what is the maximum recommended water velocity in concealed copper potable water branch pipes (tilgangsrør) supplying individual sanitary fixtures?

A.1.0 m/s to 1.5 m/s

B.2.5 m/s to 3.0 m/s

C.3.5 m/s to 4.0 m/s

D.0.2 m/s to 0.4 m/s

Explanation: To avoid flow-induced acoustic noise, water hammer, and erosion-corrosion of the protective copper oxide layer, DS 439 limits water velocity in branch pipes to 1.0–1.5 m/s (with up to 2.0 m/s permitted in main distribution lines). Velocities above 2.0 m/s significantly increase acoustic transmission into adjacent living spaces and accelerate copper wall thinning.

4A domestic hot-water design brief limits the non-circulated volume from the circulation loop or heater to a draw-off point to 3.0 litres. Which option matches that brief?

A.10.0 liters

B.7.5 liters

C.5.0 liters

D.3.0 liters

Explanation: 3.0 litres is the supplied design limit. Actual hot-water design considers waiting time, water/energy waste, hygiene, pipe size and draw-off pattern using the current project and DS 439 method. Exceeding a chosen volume does not automatically make trace heating or circulation the only remedy; the layout can also be redesigned.

5A straight 22 mm copper hot water branch pipe has an internal diameter of 20 mm (radius r = 0.010 m) and a total length of 12.0 meters from the boiler to a distant shower fixture. What is the internal water volume of this pipe, and does it require circulation under the DS 439 3-liter rule?

A.1.88 liters; no circulation is required

B.3.77 liters; circulation or trace heating is mandatory

C.4.52 liters; circulation or trace heating is mandatory

D.2.40 liters; no circulation is required

Explanation: The internal cross-sectional area is A = π × r² = 3.1416 × (0.010 m)² = 0.00031416 m². Multiplying by the pipe length gives Volume = 0.00031416 m² × 12.0 m = 0.00377 m³, which equals 3.77 liters. Because 3.77 liters exceeds the 3.0-liter threshold defined in DS 439, circulation or self-regulating trace heating is mandatory.

6Under European standard DS/EN 1717 and DS 439, what fluid category (væskekategori) is assigned to domestic closed hydronic heating water containing no toxic chemical additives?

A.Category 1

B.Category 2

C.Category 3

D.Category 5

Explanation: Category 3 covers fluids representing a slight human health hazard due to the presence of one or more low-toxicity substances (LD50 > 200 mg/kg), including stagnant central heating water without chemical additives. Category 1 is wholesome drinking water, Category 2 is fluid posing no hazard (e.g., warmed potable water), Category 4 involves toxic chemicals, and Category 5 involves microbiological pathogens.

7When connecting a permanent water supply line to fill a commercial hydronic heating system containing toxic chemical corrosion inhibitors and ethylene glycol (Fluid Category 4), which backflow prevention device (tilbagestrømningssikring) is required under DS/EN 1717 and DS 439?

A.A controllable backflow preventer with reduced pressure zone (Type BA / differenstrykzone)

B.A single uninspected non-return check valve (Type EA)

C.A double non-return check valve without test cocks (Type ED)

D.A simple ball valve with a removable hose

Explanation: Fluid Category 4 contains toxic chemical substances with an LD50 ≤ 200 mg/kg, such as ethylene glycol and chemical corrosion inhibitors. Under DS/EN 1717 and DS 439, protection against Category 4 back-siphonage and back-pressure requires at least a Type BA controllable backflow preventer with an intermediate vented reduced pressure zone.

8A cold water PEX distribution pipe has an internal diameter of 13.0 mm (d_i = 0.013 m) and carries a design peak flow of qs = 0.20 l/s (0.00020 m³/s). What is the mean water velocity v inside the pipe?

A.0.75 m/s

B.1.02 m/s

C.2.35 m/s

D.1.51 m/s

Explanation: The internal cross-sectional area is A = π × (d_i / 2)² = 3.1416 × (0.0065 m)² = 1.327 × 10⁻⁴ m². The mean flow velocity is v = Q / A = 0.00020 m³/s / 1.327 × 10⁻⁴ m² ≈ 1.51 m/s. This velocity complies with standard DS 439 sizing criteria for residential branch distribution pipes.

9Which principle should a concealed PEX pipe-in-pipe system and manifold cabinet satisfy?

A.Conduit pipes may be spliced inside walls as long as press couplings are insulated

B.Use the approved continuous conduit/inner-pipe system so leakage is led to a visible, damage-limiting location and the inner pipe remains replaceable as designed

C.Manifold cabinets must be completely airtight with no drain to prevent moisture ingress into wall cavities

D.The outer conduit may terminate loosely inside the wall cavity if moisture sensors are glued to the floor slab

Explanation: An approved rør-i-rør system uses a continuous protective conduit and designed terminations so the service pipe can be replaced and leakage is detected and discharged without hidden building damage. Cabinet drainage need not be described by one universal room/floor-drain arrangement; follow the system approval and project leak-indication detail.

10What is the maximum allowable cold potable water temperature in distribution pipes under DS 439 to safeguard drinking water hygiene and prevent microbial growth?

A.10°C

B.15°C

C.25°C

D.20°C

Explanation: DS 439 specifies that cold drinking water must not exceed 20°C at tapping points (ideally remaining below 12°C). If cold water pipes are routed alongside heating or hot water lines in uninsulated pipe shafts, heat transfer can elevate cold water temperatures above 20°C, creating an ideal environment for bacterial proliferation including Pseudomonas and Legionella.

About the VVS-svendeprøven Exam

VVS-energispecialist Svendeprøve is the Level 4 concluding assessment for that named specialization in Denmark's VVS-energi EUD under BEK nr. 142/2026. EVU's January 2026 guide tests water, heat, drainage and gas installations; renewable and combined-energy systems; district cooling; automation and intelligent control; energy calculations; IoT/data security; and refrigerant circuits within the stated training scope. The 2-week period includes a 2-hour written paper, a 43-hour project over 8 days with documentation and a 20-minute oral, and a 110-minute balancing examination. This bank supports technical reasoning but does not reproduce those performances.

Assessment

Under BEK nr. 142/2026 and EVU's January 2026 VVS-energispecialist guide, the svendeprøve spans 2 weeks and has three required sub-tests: a 2-hour written paper; a 43-hour project over 8 days with documentation and a 20-minute oral; and a 110-minute balancing examination comprising 90 minutes of practical work and 20 minutes of oral questioning.

Time Limit

2 weeks total: written paper 2 hours; project 43 hours over 8 days plus a 20-minute oral; balancing examination 110 minutes (90 practical + 20 oral).

Passing Score

A minimum grade of 02 on the Danish 7-point scale (7-trinsskalaen) in each of the three independent sub-examinations.

Exam Fee

No candidate-paid fee or current 2026 employer charge was published in the reviewed EVU material; confirm any company charge with EVU. (Approved vocational colleges and Det Faglige Fællesudvalg for VVS-energiuddannelsen (EVU))

VVS-svendeprøven Exam Content Outline

25 questions

Potable Water Systems & DS 439

Simultaneous flow formulas, pipe dimensioning, pressure loss, Legionella prevention (50°C threshold), and backflow preventers.

20 questions

Sanitary Drainage & DS 432

Gravity flow sizing, discharge values, designed gradients, primary stack venting, air-admittance valves, and cleanout access.

20 questions

Hydronic Heating Design & DS 469

Heat loss calculations (Φ = m·c·ΔT), radiator sizing, underfloor heating manifolds, circulation pumps, and expansion vessels.

15 questions

Hydraulic Balancing & Commissioning

Differential pressure regulation, thermostatic valve presetting, commissioning measurements with manometers, and kv-value calculations.

10 questions

Heat Pumps & District Heating

Refrigeration cycles, COP/SCOP, plate heat exchangers, district heating unit components, mixing loops, and weather compensators.

10 questions

Pipe Jointing, Insulation & Safety

Press fitting compatibility, electrofusion PE welding, DS 452 insulation classes, hot works permits, and confined space safety.

How to Pass the VVS-svendeprøven Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: A minimum grade of 02 on the Danish 7-point scale (7-trinsskalaen) in each of the three independent sub-examinations.
Assessment: Under BEK nr. 142/2026 and EVU's January 2026 VVS-energispecialist guide, the svendeprøve spans 2 weeks and has three required sub-tests: a 2-hour written paper; a 43-hour project over 8 days with documentation and a 20-minute oral; and a 110-minute balancing examination comprising 90 minutes of practical work and 20 minutes of oral questioning.
Time limit: 2 weeks total: written paper 2 hours; project 43 hours over 8 days plus a 20-minute oral; balancing examination 110 minutes (90 practical + 20 oral).
Exam fee: No candidate-paid fee or current 2026 employer charge was published in the reviewed EVU material; confirm any company charge with EVU.

Keys to Passing

Work through all 100 available questions
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VVS-svendeprøven Study Tips from Top Performers

1Master the basic heating flow equation: Mass Flow (kg/s) = Heat Load (kW) ÷ (Specific Heat 4.19 kJ/kg·K × Temperature Difference ΔT K).

2Learn the flow factor kv formula: Flow (m³/h) = kv × √(Δp bar), and calculate required valve presettings from circuit design flows.

3Practice converting drainage gradients and verify self-cleansing from the designed flow, pipe size, filling and current calculation method rather than relying on one memorized fall.

4Understand backflow categories under DS/EN 1717 / DS 439: Category 1 (clean potable) to Category 5 (biological/pathogen risk, requiring a physical air gap type AA/AB).

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the Danish VVS Svendeprøve a written multiple-choice test?

No. The official examination spans 2 weeks and comprises three separate tests: a 2-hour written theory paper, a 110-minute practical hydraulic balancing test with oral questioning, and a practical installation project with an oral defense before two skuemestre. This bank is an English-language study adaptation.

What standards govern water and heating installations in Denmark?

Primary standards include DS 439 for water installations, DS 432 for drainage systems, DS 469 for heating installations, and DS 452 for thermal insulation of technical installations, all referenced by the Danish Building Regulations (BR18).

What is the Danish temperature requirement for domestic hot water to prevent Legionella?

Under DS 439, domestic hot water must be stored at a minimum of 55°C in the cylinder/calorifier and maintain at least 50°C at all tapping points to inhibit Legionella pneumophila bacterial growth.

What are the passing criteria for the VVS-svendeprøve?

A candidate must achieve at least grade 02 on the 7-trinsskalaen in each of the three sub-examinations (written paper, balancing test, and practical project). Failing any one sub-test requires a re-test in that specific component.

What is the difference between VVS-installationstekniker and VVS-energispecialist?

Both tracks share core plumbing, sanitary, and heating competencies. The VVS-energispecialist track includes deeper focus on renewable energy systems, heat pumps, complex ventilation heat recovery, and automated energy management.