100+ Free Junior Nurse Practitioner (China) Practice Questions

Basic Medical Sciences & Pathology (基础知识与病理基础)

Foundational medical sciences, physiological regulatory mechanisms, and pathological processes: (1) Human Anatomy & Physiology: Respiratory mechanics, cardiac conduction system and hemodynamic regulation, renal glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption, gastrointestinal digestive secretion, endocrine hormone cascades, and central/autonomic nervous regulation; (2) Pathophysiology & General Pathology: Cellular adaptation and necrosis (coagulative, liquefactive, caseous), inflammatory vascular response and cellular exudation, pathophysiology of circulatory shock (hypovolemic, cardiogenic, septic, anaphylactic stages), fluid-electrolyte imbalances (hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia), acid-base disturbances (metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis), and pulmonary edema mechanisms; (3) Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics: Autonomic nervous system drugs (atropine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, beta-blockers), cardiovascular drugs (digoxin, nitroglycerin, ACE inhibitors, furosemide), central nervous system agents (sedatives, analgesics, anticonvulsants), antimicrobial pharmacology (penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, macrolides, fluoroquinolones), endocrine pharmacology (regular insulin, intermediate/long-acting insulin, oral hypoglycemics, glucocorticoids), and chemotherapeutic side effect management.

Clinical Medical Nursing — Internal & Surgical (临床内外科护理学 / 专业知识)

Comprehensive nursing assessment, clinical reasoning, and specialized interventions for acute and chronic adult medical and surgical diseases: (1) Respiratory Nursing: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD / 慢阻肺), bronchial asthma (支气管哮喘), bronchiectasis (支气管扩张), bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis (肺结核), pneumothorax, and respiratory failure (Type I vs Type II oxygenation protocols); (2) Cardiovascular Nursing: Chronic and acute heart failure (NYHA classification, sodium/fluid restriction, digitalis toxicity monitoring), coronary artery disease (angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction AMI biomarkers, ECG monitoring, post-PCI care), primary hypertension (hypertensive crisis management), and cardiac arrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation, atrial fibrillation, AV block); (3) Digestive & Hepatobiliary Nursing: Peptic ulcer disease (gastric vs duodenal ulcer bleeding, perforation signs), liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension (esophageal variceal hemorrhage, balloon tamponade, ascites care), hepatic encephalopathy (lactulose, low-protein dietary rules), acute pancreatitis (amylase/lipase tracking, fasting, pain control), and gastrointestinal decompression; (4) Renal & Urinary Nursing: Acute glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, acute kidney injury (AKI oliguric/polyuric phases), and chronic renal failure (hemodialysis care, arteriovenous fistula maintenance); (5) Endocrine & Hematologic Nursing: Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DKA ketoacidosis management, hypoglycemia rescue, foot care), hyperthyroidism (thyroid storm prevention), iron-deficiency anemia, aplastic anemia, and acute leukemia (neutropenic precautions); (6) Surgical Nursing Foundations: Perioperative nursing (preoperative preparation, postoperative recovery, pain management), surgical shock fluid resuscitation, water-electrolyte balance formulas (Baxter burn formula), and wound healing; (7) Specific Surgical Conditions: Acute abdomen triage (acute appendicitis, cholecystitis, intestinal obstruction, perforated peritonitis), trauma and chest injuries (flail chest, tension pneumothorax, water-sealed thoracic drainage bottle management), head injuries (GCS coma score, elevated intracranial pressure ICP triad, Cushing reaction, mannitol infusion), musculoskeletal fractures (traction care, compartment syndrome assessment), and surgical oncology.

Specialized Nursing — Obstetrics, Pediatrics & Infectious Diseases (妇儿与传染病专科护理)

Clinical specialized assessment and evidence-based nursing care for maternal, newborn, pediatric, and infectious disease populations: (1) Obstetrics & Maternal Nursing: Normal pregnancy physiology, prenatal assessment (fetal heart rate monitoring, fundal height, Leopold maneuvers), labor stages (first, second, third stage mechanisms, Bishop score, cervical dilation, episiotomy care), postpartum physiological recovery and lactation, pregnancy-induced hypertension / preeclampsia (magnesium sulfate toxicity and calcium gluconate antidote), placenta previa vs placental abruption differential signs, ectopic pregnancy acute rupture, and postpartum hemorrhage (uterine atony massage, oxytocin administration, tamponade); (2) Gynecology Nursing: Cervical cancer screening, uterine fibroids, abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic inflammatory disease, and gynecological surgery postoperative care; (3) Pediatric Nursing Fundamentals: Child growth and developmental milestones (weight, height, fontanelle closure, primitive reflexes, motor skill sequence), infant nutritional requirements, breastfeeding vs formula feeding, infant weaning, and immunization schedule (EPI); (4) Pediatric Clinical Conditions: Neonatal care (Apgar score evaluation, hypothermia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia/jaundice phototherapy, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome NRDS), vitamin D deficiency rickets (initial, active, recovery stages), pediatric acute bronchopneumonia (airway clearance, nebulization), acute infant diarrhea (dehydration degrees: mild, moderate, severe; ORS oral rehydration, IV fluid correction), pediatric febrile convulsions (airway protection, diazepam administration), and congenital heart disease (tetralogy of Fallot squatting position, ASD, VSD); (5) Infectious Disease Nursing: Epidemiological chain of transmission (source, route, susceptible population), viral hepatitis (Hepatitis A, B, C, E routes, serological markers HBsAg/HBsAb/HBeAg), pulmonary tuberculosis (DOTS therapy, sputum conversion, isolation), epidemic hemorrhagic fever (five clinical stages), measles, varicella, mumps, scarlet fever, hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD), and HIV/AIDS (antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic infection prevention, occupational exposure prophylaxis PEP).

Nursing Skills, Health Assessment & Management (专业实践能力与护理管理 / 基础技能)

Mastery of essential bedside nursing technical operations, health education, hospital infection prevention, and administrative quality leadership: (1) Basic Nursing Technical Operations: Aseptic technique principles (sterile field maintenance, sterile glove donning, packaging validity), vital sign measurement (blood pressure Korotkoff sounds, pulse deficit assessment, Cheyne-Stokes breathing), medical safety and administration routes (oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular gluteal Z-track, intravenous), drip rate calculation formula (drops/min = volume × drip factor / time in minutes), continuous intravenous infusion complications (phlebitis grading, air embolism management, circulatory overload), blood transfusion safety (two-person verification, hemolytic reaction triage, allergic reaction rescue), gastrointestinal decompression and nasogastric tube verification (pH test, auscultation, aspiration), indwelling urinary catheterization (sterile insertion, balloon inflation, CAUTI prevention), and oxygen therapy (nasal cannula FiO2 = 21 + 4 × oxygen flow L/min); (2) Pressure Injury Management: NPUAP/EPUAP 4-stage pressure injury classification, deep tissue injury (DTI), unstageable ulcers, Braden risk assessment scale, turning schedules, and modern moist wound dressings (hydrocolloid, foam, alginate); (3) Emergency Life Support & Critical Care: Adult and pediatric basic life support (CPR chest compression-to-ventilation ratio 30:2, depth 5–6 cm, rate 100–120 bpm, AED early defibrillation), foreign body airway obstruction (Heimlich maneuver), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), arterial blood gas (ABG) sampling technique and Allen test; (4) Hospital Infection Prevention & Control: Hand hygiene 6-step technique, personal protective equipment (PPE donning/doffing sequence), standard precautions, transmission-based isolation (airborne, droplet, contact), sterilization methods (pressure steam autoclaving, ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide plasma), disinfectant classification (high, intermediate, low-level), and medical waste categorization (infectious, pathological, sharps, chemical, pharmaceutical waste color coding); (5) Health Education & Nursing Leadership: Health belief model (HBM), teach-back communication method, informed consent documentation, nursing management theories, PDCA continuous quality improvement cycle, root cause analysis (RCA), and medical dispute prevention regulations.