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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: RePL Exam

120 m AGL

Maximum Height (SOC)

CASA Standard Operating Conditions

30 m

Minimum Distance From People

CASA Standard Operating Conditions

3 NM (5.5 km)

Minimum Distance From a Controlled Aerodrome Movement Area

CASA Standard Operating Conditions

Over 2 kg

Commercial RPA Weight Needing a RePL

CASR Part 101

~85%

Common Provider Theory Pass Mark (not published by CASA)

RePL training providers

30 questions

AROC Radio Exam Length

Australian AROC training providers

5 hours

Logged RPA Flight Time Required for an Initial RePL

CASA - Get your remote pilot licence

9 units

Part 101 MOS Aeronautical Knowledge Units for a Multirotor RePL

Part 101 MOS Schedules 2 and 4

The RePL is Australia's professional remote pilot licence, issued under CASR Part 101 and required for most commercial drone work beyond the excluded categories (for example RPA over 2 kg, or operations outside the standard operating conditions, conducted under a ReOC). Training is delivered by CASA-certified providers against the nine Part 101 MOS aeronautical knowledge units required for a multirotor RePL - the common units RBAK basic aviation knowledge, RACP airspace and charts, RBMO meteorology, REES electrical and electronic systems, RHPF human performance, RKOP operations and procedures, RORA operational rules and air law and RAFM automated flight management systems, plus a category unit such as RBKM for multirotors. The standard operating conditions - 400 ft (120 m) AGL maximum, day-only visual line of sight, at least 30 m from uninvolved people, at least 3 NM (5.5 km) from the movement area of a controlled aerodrome, one RPA at a time, and not over populous areas - are central to the syllabus. CASA publishes no question count or pass mark for the provider theory exam; 85% is the common industry convention. A practical assessment and 5 hours of logged RPA flight time are also required. Many candidates also gain an AROC for radio use, and the ReB1 exam under CASA 35/23 is the next step for BVLOS operations outside controlled airspace.

Sample RePL Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your RePL exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 120+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Under the CASA standard operating conditions for remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), what is the maximum height above ground level (AGL) at which you may operate without a specific CASA approval?
A.120 m (approximately 400 ft) AGL
B.90 m (approximately 300 ft) AGL
C.150 m (approximately 500 ft) AGL
D.300 m (approximately 1,000 ft) AGL
Explanation: The standard operating conditions (SOC) under CASR Part 101 limit RPA operations to a maximum of 120 m (approximately 400 ft) AGL. Operating above this requires a separate CASA approval.
2Operating under the standard operating conditions, what is the minimum horizontal distance you must keep between your RPA and a person who is not directly associated with the operation?
A.30 metres
B.15 metres
C.50 metres
D.100 metres
Explanation: The SOC require that an RPA be kept at least 30 m horizontally from any person not directly involved in (helping control or navigate) the operation.
3Under the standard operating conditions, how far must you remain from a controlled aerodrome (one with an operating control tower) unless you hold the necessary approvals?
A.5.5 km
B.3 km
C.8 km
D.11 km
Explanation: The SOC prohibit operating within 5.5 km of a controlled aerodrome (typically one with a control tower) without appropriate CASA approval and coordination.
4A client asks you to fly a 5 kg multirotor for a paid commercial inspection over a third party's industrial site. Which authorisation framework applies under CASR Part 101?
A.No licence is needed because the RPA is under 25 kg
B.You may fly under the sub-2 kg excluded category with only an operator accreditation
C.You need a RePL and must operate under a ReOC (or hold an applicable approval)
D.Only an Aeronautical Radio Operator Certificate (AROC) is required
Explanation: Commercial operation of an RPA over 2 kg outside the excluded categories requires a RePL, and the operation must be conducted under a Remote Operator's Certificate (ReOC) held by the operator.
5Under the CASA weight categories, a 'very small' RPA that can be flown commercially under the excluded (sub-2 kg) category without a RePL or ReOC has a gross weight of:
A.More than 250 g but not more than 2 kg
B.250 g or less
C.More than 2 kg but not more than 25 kg
D.More than 25 kg but not more than 150 kg
Explanation: The 'very small' category covers RPA over 250 g but not more than 2 kg. These can be operated commercially under the sub-2 kg excluded category (with operator accreditation and SOC) without a RePL or ReOC.
6The standard operating conditions require that an RPA be operated only:
A.Within visual line of sight (VLOS) during the day
B.Up to 30 minutes after last light using anti-collision lights
C.Beyond visual line of sight if a spotter is used
D.At night provided the area is well lit
Explanation: The SOC require day-only operation and that the remote pilot maintain visual line of sight (VLOS) with the RPA using their own eyes (not via a screen or goggles).
7Under the standard operating conditions, how many RPA may a single remote pilot operate at one time?
A.One
B.Two
C.Three
D.As many as the control station can manage
Explanation: The SOC permit a remote pilot to operate only one RPA at a time. Operating multiple RPA simultaneously (swarms) requires a specific CASA approval.
8The standard operating conditions prohibit operating an RPA over a 'populous area'. Which best describes a populous area in this context?
A.An area sufficiently populated that the RPA would pose an unreasonable risk to people if it failed
B.Any area within a city's local government boundary
C.Any area where more than 30 people are present
D.Only beaches and sporting venues
Explanation: A populous area is one that is so populated that, in the event of a failure, the RPA would pose an unreasonable risk to the life, safety or property of someone in the area. Beaches, parks and sporting events during a game are common examples.
9You plan to operate a 4 kg RPA within 3 nm of a non-controlled (non-towered) aerodrome. Under the SOC, what is the key requirement?
A.You may operate only if you give way to manned aircraft and do not operate in the vicinity of the movement area when manned aircraft are operating
B.Operation is automatically permitted because the aerodrome is non-controlled
C.You must climb to at least 400 ft to remain clear of circuit traffic
D.You may operate freely up to 5.5 km because only controlled aerodromes have a 3 nm rule
Explanation: Near a non-controlled aerodrome the SOC require you not to operate in a way that creates a hazard; you must give way to manned aircraft and not operate near the movement area when manned aircraft are operating there.
10Which CASA document set out the regulations that the RePL aeronautical knowledge syllabus is primarily based upon?
A.CASR Part 101 (unmanned aircraft and rockets)
B.CASR Part 61 (flight crew licensing)
C.CASR Part 91 (general operating and flight rules)
D.CASR Part 138 (aerial work)
Explanation: RPA operations and remote pilot licensing are governed by CASR Part 101 and its Manual of Standards. The RePL aeronautical knowledge syllabus (AC 101-01 Annex A) is built on Part 101.

About the RePL Exam

The CASA Remote Pilot Licence (RePL) is the Australian credential authorising remote pilots to operate remotely piloted aircraft (RPA/drones) for commercial work that falls outside the excluded categories - typically RPA over 2 kg, operations beyond the standard operating conditions, or work conducted under a Remote Operator's Certificate (ReOC). It is governed by CASR Part 101 and its Manual of Standards, and is earned through a CASA-certified training provider that delivers theory and practical training against the Part 101 aeronautical knowledge syllabus. RePL holders commonly also obtain an Aeronautical Radio Operator Certificate (AROC) for radio coordination, and may sit the separate ReB1 examination for beyond-visual-line-of-sight operations.

Assessment

Question count not published by the exam provider

Time Limit

Set by the training provider (theory exam is time-limited)

Passing Score

Typically 85% on the theory exam plus a satisfactory practical assessment

Exam Fee

Approximately AU$1,500-3,000 for a RePL training course (provider-dependent) (Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA); training and exams delivered by CASA-certified RePL training providers)

RePL Exam Content Outline

9 Schedule 4 topics (priority A/B/C)

RBAK - Basic Aviation Knowledge for RPAS

Direction of flight and wind velocity, aviation time and UTC, aeronautical units of measurement, energy, aerodynamics and weight and balance, lift and drag, propellers and rotors, flight control principles, and the remote pilot station.

4 Schedule 4 topics (priority A)

RACP - Airspace, Charts and Aeronautical Publications

Australian airspace classes and control zones, obtaining information or approval before a flight, NOTAMs, and the form of the earth with Visual Terminal Charts (VTC) and Visual Navigation Charts (VNC).

3 Schedule 4 topics (priority B)

RBMO - Basic Meteorology for RPA Operations

Weather phenomena including wind, sea breezes, turbulence, thunderstorms, fronts and fog; weather observations made at the launch site; and aeronautical forecasts such as METAR and TAF from the Bureau of Meteorology.

9 Schedule 4 topics (priority A/B)

REES - Electrical and Electronic Systems for RPAS

Electrical terms, the function of electrical components, electric motors, batteries, charging and discharging, battery limitations, electromagnetic radiation, the Global Positioning System, and electromagnetic signal reliability and hazards.

6 Schedule 4 topics (priority B/C)

RHPF - Human Performance for RPAS

General human factors, basic health and fitness to fly, vision with spatial disorientation and illusions, stress in relation to operating RPA, threat and error management, and coordinating crew.

9 Schedule 4 topics (priority A/B)

RKOP - RPAS Knowledge: Operations and Procedures

General operations, risk assessment and management, airworthiness, role equipment and sensors, accident and incident reporting to the ATSB, abnormal operations, fail-safe procedures and emergency actions, operating near an aerodrome, and operations above 400 ft AGL.

2 Schedule 4 topics (priority A/B)

RORA - Operational Rules and Air Law for RPAS

Aviation legislation and information sources under CASR Part 101 and its Manual of Standards, and the remote pilot licence itself including the RePL and ReOC distinction, the excluded categories, weight categories, registration and approvals.

1 Schedule 4 topic (priority A)

RAFM - Automated Flight Management Systems

Use and limitations of an automated flight management system, identifying faults, behaviour in abnormal and emergency situations such as loss of control or loss of thrust, precautions when programming a mission, and degraded automation including loss of GPS and IMU failure. This is a common unit that applies whether the RPA is flown manually or under automation.

10 Schedule 4 topics (priority A/B)

RBKM - Multirotor Aeronautical Knowledge and Operation Principles

Multirotor RPA components, weight and balance for launch and landing, multirotor lift and drag, hovering and forward flight aerodynamics, flight control principles, abnormal aerodynamics such as vortex ring state, launch, climbing, turning, and descending, landing and recovery. This is the category unit for a multirotor RePL.

How to Pass the RePL Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Typically 85% on the theory exam plus a satisfactory practical assessment
  • Assessment: Question count not published by the exam provider
  • Time limit: Set by the training provider (theory exam is time-limited)
  • Exam fee: Approximately AU$1,500-3,000 for a RePL training course (provider-dependent)

Keys to Passing

  • Complete 500+ practice questions
  • Score 80%+ consistently before scheduling
  • Focus on highest-weighted sections
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

RePL Study Tips from Top Performers

1Memorise the standard operating conditions numbers cold: 120 m (about 400 ft) AGL, day-only VLOS, 30 m from uninvolved people, 5.5 km from controlled aerodromes, one RPA at a time, and no flying over populous areas
2Learn the weight categories precisely - micro 250 g or less, very small over 250 g to 2 kg, small over 2 kg to 25 kg, medium over 25 kg to 150 kg - and which ones can use the excluded category without a ReOC
3Understand the RePL (pilot licence) versus ReOC (operator certificate) distinction, and know that commercial work beyond the excluded category needs a RePL pilot flying under a ReOC
4Drill C2-link failsafe behaviour (Return-to-Home, hover or land) and LiPo battery safety, including retiring swollen cells and storing at about 3.8 V per cell
5Practise reading VTC and VNC charts for airspace classes, control zones, restricted and danger areas, and remember to check NOTAMs for temporary restrictions before every job
6Know the radio basics for the AROC: the ICAO phonetic alphabet, standard phraseology (Roger, Wilco, Say again) and the 121.5 MHz emergency frequency
7Learn the Part 101 MOS Schedule 2 unit codes and what each covers - RBAK, RACP, RBMO, REES, RHPF, RKOP, RORA and RAFM plus your category unit (RBKM for multirotor) - because the exam is built from the Schedule 4 topics inside them, not from a percentage weighting. RAFM is a common unit that applies whether you fly manually or under an automated flight management system
8Know that registration depends on purpose rather than weight, that there is no minimum age for a RePL, and that 5 hours of logged RPA flight time under the SOC is required before the licence is granted

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the CASA RePL?

The Remote Pilot Licence (RePL) is the Australian credential issued under CASR Part 101 that authorises remote pilots to operate drones for commercial work beyond the excluded categories - generally RPA over 2 kg, operations outside the standard operating conditions, or work conducted under a Remote Operator's Certificate (ReOC).

When do I actually need a RePL?

You need a RePL for commercial operations of an RPA over 2 kg outside the sub-2 kg excluded category, for operations beyond the standard operating conditions, and to operate under a ReOC. Sub-2 kg commercial work and certain own-land operations can be flown under the excluded category with operator accreditation instead.

What are the standard operating conditions?

CASR 101.238 requires the RPA to be flown only in Australian territory, within visual line of sight, and no higher than 400 ft (120 m) AGL, and not closer than 30 m to people not associated with the flight, not in a prohibited or restricted area, not over a populous area, not within 3 NM (5.5 km) of the movement area of a controlled aerodrome, not in a public safety operation area without approval, and only one RPA per pilot. Night operations are prohibited by a separate rule unless CASA approves them. Excluded operations cannot be approved beyond the SOC; included operations under a ReOC can.

How is the RePL exam structured?

Training and assessment are delivered by CASA-certified providers against the Part 101 Manual of Standards knowledge syllabus in Schedules 2 and 4. CASA does not publish a question count or a pass mark for the theory exam - providers set both, and published provider papers range from about 40 to 90 multiple-choice questions with 85% as the common pass mark. A separate practical flight competency assessment and 5 hours of logged RPA flight time under the standard operating conditions are also required.

Do I need an AROC as well?

The Aeronautical Radio Operator Certificate (AROC) is separate from the RePL but is commonly taken with it. An AROC is required to transmit on aeronautical VHF radio, and CASR 101.285 requires a radio qualification for RPA over 2 kg operating in controlled airspace. Australian providers advertise a closed-book paper of about 30 multiple-choice questions in a one-hour sitting; CASA does not publish a pass mark for it, and an English language proficiency assessment is also required.

What is the ReB1 exam?

ReB1 is the CASA beyond visual line of sight examination made under instrument CASA 35/23, and it covers BVLOS operations wholly outside controlled airspace. A Part 61 instrument rating knowledge examination or the former IREX also satisfies the requirement, and is needed for BVLOS inside controlled airspace. Passing an exam is only part of the authorisation: the ReOC must still hold a BVLOS approval, which CASA grants case by case.

Does the RePL expire?

The RePL does not have a fixed expiry, and CASA imposes no continuing flight proficiency or currency requirement on RePL holders. You must still operate in compliance with CASR Part 101, and a ReOC's documented practices and procedures will normally impose their own recency and competency requirements. A lack of proficiency that contributes to an accident may be assessed as hazardous operation under CASR 101.055.

Do I need to register my drone, and does it depend on weight?

Registration is required under CASR Part 47 for any drone flown for business or as part of your job, no matter how much it weighs - including a micro RPA of 250 g or less and a drone flown only indoors. Drones flown purely for sport or recreation do not need registration. Registration is valid for 12 months, the registrant must be at least 16, and a weight-scaled levy may apply for business use.

Is there a minimum age or a medical requirement for a RePL?

CASA sets no minimum age for a RePL and does not require a Class 1 or Class 2 medical certificate for remote pilots. The age-16 minimum applies to RPA operator accreditation under CASR 101.374B(4) and to drone registration, not to the licence. You must still self-assess fitness before every flight under the general duty to operate with care and skill in CASR 101.055.