Free ISPON HSE Level 3 Exam Flashcards

Clause 4 context of the organisation, 5 leadership and worker participation, 6 planning, 7 support, 8 operation, 9 performance evaluation, 10 improvement. Clauses 1 to 3 are scope, normative references and terms and contain no requirement, so a nonconformity can only be raised against clauses 4 to 10.

Consultation is seeking workers' views before a decision is taken; participation is involving them in the decision itself. The standard also requires barriers to be removed - time, language, cost, literacy, fear of reprisal - and puts particular emphasis on non-managerial workers. A safety committee of managers only satisfies neither.

Hazards from the contractor's work that affect your organisation, hazards from your operations that affect the contractor's staff, and hazards from the contractor's work that affect everyone else on site. The same clause requires HSE criteria in contractor selection, so a contract awarded on price alone is a system nonconformity.

Pre-qualification screens a contractor before award: procedures, competence, performance record, insurance. The bridging document is agreed after award and states, activity by activity, whose procedure governs where both parties have one. Skip it and two permit systems, two isolation standards and two incident definitions run side by side on the same job.

The UK HSE renamed HSG65 'Managing for health and safety' and in 2013 replaced POPMAR - policy, organising, planning and implementing, measuring performance, auditing and review - with Plan, Do, Check, Act. The point of the change was to stop safety being run as a standalone system and integrate it into ordinary line management.

It is a voluntary set of guidelines on occupational safety and health management systems, written as a model for national and organisational frameworks. Nobody certifies against it and no ILO-OSH certificate exists. If a supplier presents one, they are presenting something the ILO does not issue; ISO 45001 is the certifiable standard.

Integrity, fair presentation, due professional care, confidentiality, independence, evidence-based approach and risk-based approach. The risk-based approach is the one added in the 2018 revision: audit planning, conduct and reporting must now consider risks and opportunities rather than sampling every clause evenly.

Criteria are what you audit against - the standard, the law, the company procedure. Evidence is verifiable records, statements and observations. A finding is evidence evaluated against a criterion. The conclusion is the outcome of the whole audit. A finding written without naming its criterion is an auditor's opinion and cannot be defended.

Major means a required process is absent, or has failed in a way that breaks the system's ability to deliver - including many minor lapses clustered on one clause. Minor is an isolated slip in a process that otherwise works. An observation flags a risk with no breach yet. Only nonconformities compel corrective action.

Internal audit (clause 9.2) is a sampling exercise by auditors independent of the activity, answering whether the system conforms and is effectively implemented. Management review (clause 9.3) is top management judging whether the system remains suitable, adequate and effective, and deciding on resources and change. The audit feeds the review; presenting audit results is not a review.

A correction deals with the outcome: clean the spill, replace the guard, re-brief the crew. Corrective action eliminates the cause so it cannot recur, which requires investigating and determining causes and checking whether the same weakness exists elsewhere. An action register full of corrections is exactly why the same event comes back.

An Antecedent triggers a behaviour; the Consequence decides whether it repeats. Consequences that are soon, certain and positive outweigh ones that are late, uncertain and negative - which is why a shortcut that saves fifteen minutes today beats a warning about an injury that may never happen. Change the consequence, not the poster.

DuPont's Bradley Curve has four stages: reactive, dependent, independent, interdependent. Hudson's ladder has five rungs: pathological, reactive, calculative, proactive, generative. A site where rules are obeyed only while the supervisor watches sits at dependent or calculative - compliant on paper, and one absence away from an incident.

Pre-placement confirms fitness for the specific task and sets a baseline. Periodic detects early change caused by exposure while it is still reversible. The exit medical records health status on leaving and limits later disputed claims. The supervisor receives a fitness decision and any restrictions - never the clinical findings, which stay confidential to the physician.

It is taken before noise exposure begins, and every later audiogram is compared against it to detect a threshold shift. Without a baseline nobody can show whether hearing loss was occupational or pre-existing, so the employer loses its defence and the worker loses their claim at the same time.

An injury has a single identifiable event; an illness accumulates through exposure with a latency of years - noise-induced hearing loss, silicosis, solvent neuropathy, occupational asthma. By the time it presents, the worker has often changed role or employer, so lost-time injury figures systematically understate health harm and health controls get funded last.

TRIR is recordable cases multiplied by 200,000 divided by hours worked - 200,000 being 100 full-time workers for a year, the OSHA convention. LTIFR is lost-time injuries multiplied by 1,000,000 divided by hours worked, the base used by the ILO, IOGP and most oil and gas contracts. Comparing a figure on one base against a figure on the other is arithmetic nonsense.

Frequency counts how often injuries happen; severity counts the days lost per event. A site can drive frequency down while severity climbs, which means it has stopped having small events and started having serious ones. Reporting frequency alone lets a deteriorating site look like an improving one.

People, Position, Parts and Paper - witnesses, the positions of people and equipment, the physical components and damage, and the documents such as permits, logs, handovers and maintenance records. Everything but paper degrades within hours, so after making the area safe the supervisor's next act is to freeze the scene and photograph it before anything is moved.

5 Whys follows one causal chain and is quick, but it only ever chases the branch you happened to pick, so it misses events with several parallel causes. The fishbone spreads candidate causes across categories - typically man, machine, method, material, measurement, environment - before any are tested, which is why you use it when the cause is genuinely unknown.

Nobody may be employed at a machine or process liable to cause bodily injury unless fully instructed in the dangers and the precautions, and either sufficiently trained for that machine or process or under adequate supervision by a person with thorough knowledge and experience of it. A signed induction sheet does not satisfy either limb.

Where the act or default for which the occupier is liable was in fact that of an agent, servant, worker or other person, that person is guilty of the offence and liable to the penalty as if they were the occupier. Section 74 lets the occupier escape by proving due diligence and naming the actual offender on not less than three days' written notice.

Under section 37 an inspector issues an improvement notice stating the danger and the steps required to remedy it, and the work may continue. Under section 38 a prohibition notice stops the process or work - indefinitely or until the specified steps are taken - and is revoked only after the defects are rectified. Section 39 gives a right of appeal against either.

Plant, process, people, procedure. A different chemical supplier, a temporary hose, a new shift pattern and a vacant competent-person role are all changes. Every temporary change needs a stated expiry date and a named owner to restore the original condition - otherwise 'temporary' quietly becomes permanent and unassessed.

After an incident or near miss on that task, after any change to plant, process, people or procedure, when a control is found not working, when the law or standard changes, and at its stated review date. A review that concludes nothing changed is a valid outcome; a review date that has already passed is a finding.

The assessor signs that the method was applied properly. The line manager who controls budget, people and schedule accepts the residual risk and owns the actions. When only the HSE department signs, accountability sits where the authority to change anything does not - and the actions stay open.

A generic assessment covers a repeated standard job in stable conditions and must still be validated against today's site. The failure mode is copying it into a job with different access, weather, adjacent work or crew: the paperwork exists, the actual hazards were never assessed, and the assessment becomes evidence against you.

Threats on the left lead to the top event - loss of control - in the centre, with consequences on the right. Preventive barriers sit before the top event, mitigative and recovery barriers after it. Escalation factors are what defeat a barrier, and each needs its own control. The diagram exposes where you depend on a single barrier; a matrix score hides it.

No or none, more, less, reverse, as well as, part of, other than - applied by a team to a parameter such as flow, pressure, temperature or level at a defined node. HAZOP finds deviations in a design or process. It says nothing about how one crew will do one job on one day, so it never replaces the task risk assessment.

Force, repetition, awkward or static posture, duration and vibration - amplified by cold and by too little recovery time. Because the damage accumulates, the supervisory controls are task redesign, mechanical aids and rotation. Repeating 'lift properly' changes none of the five factors.

Task, Individual, Load, Environment. Individual capability is the heading supervisors skip, and it is what turns a routine load into an injury for a worker who is new, untrained, pregnant, returning from illness or working outside their normal role.

Impairment rises with hours on task, hours awake, consecutive shifts worked and night work, and willingness does not reverse it. The controls a supervisor holds are roster limits, enforced breaks, capping overtime and not assigning driving or safety-critical tasks at the end of a long night shift.

Sample live permits against the job actually happening at the worksite, check that each permit cross-references its isolation certificate, reconcile the permit register against permits displayed in the field, and count permits that expired without being handed back. A neat file of completed forms proves the forms were filled in, not that work is controlled.

Simultaneous operations create risk from the combination: hot work above a confined space entry, lifting over a live line, hydro-testing beside an open excavation. The control is a clash matrix reviewed at a daily permit meeting, cross-referenced permits, and time separation where the clash cannot be designed out.

An authorised, competent tester - ISPON lists an Authorized Gas Tester course among its programmes - using an instrument that is in calibration and bump-tested against known gas, sampling at the actual point and full depth of the work rather than at the manway, and retesting after any break, shift change or change in conditions. A gas test is a snapshot, not a licence for the day.

NIOSH's alert on confined space fatalities concluded that more than 60 per cent of the deaths were would-be rescuers who entered on impulse. Plan non-entry retrieval first - tripod, harness and winch rigged before entry - and have the means and trained people on site. Calling the fire service is not a rescue plan.

A planned response including first aid, training in that response, periodic testing and exercising of it, evaluation and revision after every test and every real emergency, and communication of duties to workers, contractors, visitors, emergency services and the authorities. A plan that has never been exercised does not meet the clause.

A tabletop tests decisions, roles and information flow cheaply around a table. A functional drill tests one system live - alarm activation, muster, spill deployment. A full-scale exercise runs the whole response with real people and equipment. Each proves something different, and the debrief report with dated, owned actions is the only output that changes anything.

Three to seven direct reports, with five regarded as optimal. Past seven, the structure must expand into further sections, branches or units rather than the commander absorbing the overload. Responses more often collapse because span of control was lost than because equipment was missing.

The receiving hospital, confirmed as able to treat the injury types your site generates; the evacuation route and means; the alternate arrangement for night, flood or security conditions; and who authorises the move. Triage sorts casualties by clinical priority and survivability, never by who is nearest or loudest.

On-scene response deals with the event itself. Incident management coordinates resources, families and regulator notification. Crisis management protects the organisation and handles public communication. Business continuity restores operations afterwards. A supervisor doubling as media spokesperson is doing two of these badly at the worst possible moment.

The Act (Cap E12, LFN 2004) sets a floor: a description of the proposed activities and of the potentially affected environment; an assessment of likely impacts of the activity and its alternatives, covering direct, indirect, cumulative, short-term and long-term effects; identification and assessment of mitigation measures; and an explicit indication of gaps in knowledge and uncertainty. The last two are the ones consultants leave out.

Any person who fails to comply with the Act commits an offence and is liable on conviction, in the case of an individual, to a N100,000 fine or five years' imprisonment, and in the case of a firm or corporation to a fine of not less than N50,000 and not more than N1,000,000. Note that the individual exposure is custodial.

Under the Federal Ministry of Environment's EIA Procedural Guideline the review of a draft EIA report may be in-house, by panel, by mediation, or by public review. Where public review is selected the documents go on public display for 21 working days - at the local government area, the state environmental agency and FMEnv headquarters - advertised in the newspapers.

The Ministry screens each proposal and returns a screening report within ten working days. Category I is on the mandatory study list and requires a full EIA. Category II normally requires only a partial EIA - but a Category II project in or close to an Environmentally Sensitive Area is reassigned to Category I and full EIA becomes mandatory. Category III projects are expected to be beneficial and receive an Environmental Impact Statement.

Where a body corporate commits the offence of discharging hazardous substances, every person who was in charge of that body corporate at the time is deemed guilty and may be prosecuted personally, unless they prove the offence occurred without their knowledge or that they exercised all due diligence to prevent it. A dated, documented objection is what that defence looks like in practice.

Tier 1 is up to 25 barrels to inland waters or up to 250 barrels to land or coastal and offshore waters, handled by the operator's own resources. Tier 2 is 25 to 250 barrels inland or 250 to 2,500 barrels to land or coastal waters, drawing on mutual aid such as Clean Nigeria Associates. Tier 3 is 250 barrels or more inland or over 2,500 barrels to land or coastal waters, activated by NOSDRA's National Commander.

The Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria, last revised in 2018, were issued by the Department of Petroleum Resources. The Petroleum Industry Act 2021 dissolved DPR and split its role between the NUPRC upstream and the NMDPRA midstream and downstream. The guidelines are still cited under the old name; the approval now comes from the successor regulator.

Liability does not end at your gate. You classify the waste where it is generated, raise a manifest or transfer note that tracks each consignment to a named permitted facility, verify that both the carrier and the receiving site hold current permits, and keep the returned copy. A carrier's receipt proves collection, never lawful disposal.

The aspect is the element of your activity that interacts with the environment - the generator exhaust, the wash-down discharge, the drum store. The impact is the resulting change - degraded air quality, contaminated water, polluted land. Register aspects and rate their impacts: a register listing impacts with no activity attached cannot be assigned to any owner.