Quantitative: Arithmetic
Not publishedof exam
Percent changeRatios & proportionsHarmonic mean speedWork rateFraction benchmarks
Quantitative: Algebra
Not publishedof exam
Linear equationsWord problem translationArithmetic sequencesGeometric sequencesSystems of equations
Quantitative: Geometry
Not publishedof exam
Pythagorean theoremTriangle anglesArea & perimeterCircle formulas
Quantitative: Statistics & Comparison
Not publishedof exam
Mean median modeQuantitative comparisonData interpretationProbability basics
Verbal: Analogy
Not publishedof exam
Synonym pairsAntonym pairsPart-to-wholeFunction or useCause and effectCategory type-of
Verbal: Sentence Completion
Not publishedof exam
Contrast signal wordsContinuation signal wordsPredict before peekDouble-blank strategyTone matching
Verbal: Reading Comprehension
Not publishedof exam
Main ideaDetail questionsInference questionsVocabulary in contextAuthor purpose and tone
Verbal: Contextual Error
Not publishedof exam
Logic not grammarSubstitution testLogical-link wordsConsistency check
Verbal: Odd Word Out
Not publishedof exam
Find the categoryFunction groupingMaterial groupingSurface-similarity trap
Quick Facts
- Exam
- GAT (Qudurat)
- Owner
- ETEC / Qiyas
- Paper Format
- 120 MCQ, 2.5 hrs
- Computer Format
- 96 MCQ, about 2 hrs
- Section Split
- 68 Verbal + 52 Quant
- Score Scale
- 0-100 percentile rank
- Pass Mark
- Not published by Qiyas
- Score Validity
- 5 years
- Pacing
- About 1 minute per Q
Fraction-Percent Benchmarks
Half 50% | third 33% | quarter 25% | eighth 12.5%
1/2 = 50%1/3 = 33%1/4 = 25%1/8 = 12.5%1/10 = 10%
Harmonic Mean vs Simple Average
Harmonic Mean
- Correct for equal-distance speed
- 2ab/(a+b) formula
Simple Average
- Wrong for unequal times
- (a+b)/2 formula
Use harmonic for speed
Quantitative Problem-Type Router
- Two % changes in a row→Multiply factors, not add(Never simple addition)
- Ratio given as a:b→Convert to fractions of whole(Part over total sum)
- Same distance, different speeds→Use harmonic mean formula(2ab/(a+b), not average)
- Two workers, combined time→Add individual rates first(Then invert combined rate)
- Unknown with word clues→Translate keywords to symbols(Sum=add, of=multiply)
- Right triangle sides given→Check 3-4-5 or 5-12-13(Skip Pythagorean calculation)
- Consecutive integers described→Use n, n+1, n+2...(Set up equation from clues)
Arithmetic Formulas
- % Change
- (New-Old)/Old x100
- Successive % Changes
- Never simply add
- Ratio to Fraction
- Part over sum of parts
- Cross Multiplication
- Cross multiply, then solve
- Avg Speed (equal dist)
- Harmonic mean: 2ab/(a+b)
- Combined Work Rate
- Combined rate = sum of rates
- Simple Interest
- I = P x r x t
- Fraction-Percent Benchmarks
- Memorize common conversions fast
- Estimation Strategy
- Round numbers to eliminate outliers
Harmonic Mean for Speed
Equal distance? Use 2ab over (a+b)
Never (a+b)/22ab/(a+b) is correctEqual distances only
Arithmetic vs Geometric Sequence
Arithmetic Sequence
- Constant difference d
- Add d each term
Geometric Sequence
- Constant ratio r
- Multiply by r each term
Add vs multiply pattern
Algebra Formulas
- Linear Equation Steps
- Isolate variable both sides
- Word Problem Key Words
- Turn keywords into operations
- Consecutive Integers
- n, n+1, n+2 pattern
- Consecutive Even/Odd Integers
- n, n+2, n+4 pattern
- Arithmetic Sequence
- nth term = a1 + (n-1)d
- Geometric Sequence
- nth term = a1 x r^(n-1)
- System of Equations
- Substitution or elimination method
- Translating Word Problems
- Assign variable, write equation
Geometry Formulas
- Pythagorean Theorem
- a^2 + b^2 = c^2
- Common Right Triangles
- 3-4-5 and 5-12-13 ratios
- Triangle Angle Sum
- Interior angles sum to 180°
- Exterior Angle Rule
- Equals sum of remote angles
- Rectangle Area/Perimeter
- A=lw, P=2(l+w)
- Triangle Area
- Half base times height
- Circle Circumference
- C = 2(pi)r
- Circle Area
- A = (pi)r^2
- Central Angle to Arc
- Angle/360 = arc/circumference
Mean vs Median
Mean
- Sum over count
- Sensitive to outliers
Median
- Middle value ordered
- Resistant to outliers
Outliers push mean
Statistics & Comparison
- Mean
- Sum of values / count
- Median
- Middle value when ordered
- Mode
- Most frequent value
- Outlier Sensitivity
- Mean sensitive, median resistant
- Quant Comparison Strategy
- Test 0, 1, negative, fraction
- QC Answer Types
- A greater, B greater, equal, unclear
- Data Interpretation
- Read chart before options
- Probability Basics
- Favorable outcomes over total
Five Verbal Question Types
Analogy, completion, reading, context error, odd word
Analogy: word pairsCompletion: context cluesReading: passage questionsContextual error: logic onlyOdd word: shared category
Analogy vs Sentence Completion
Analogy
- Word-pair relationship
- No missing word
Sentence Completion
- Missing word(s) in text
- Context determines fit
Relationship vs context fit
Verbal Question-Type Identifier
- Two related words given→Analogy: define relationship first(Match exact relationship type)
- Sentence has blank(s)→Sentence completion: predict first(Watch contrast/continuation signals)
- Short passage plus questions→Reading comprehension: locate evidence(Match wording, not vocabulary only)
- One word breaks sentence logic→Contextual error: test opposite(Grammar is correct, meaning isn't)
- Group of 4-5 words→Odd word out: name category(Find the shared attribute first)
- Unsure which verbal type→Reread the question stem(Stem names the task)
Analogy Relationship Types
- Synonym Pair
- Happy is to joyful
- Antonym Pair
- Hot is to cold
- Part-to-Whole
- Page is to book
- Function or Use
- Knife is to cut
- Cause and Effect
- Fire is to smoke
- Category (Type-of)
- Rose is to flower
- Analogy Format Rule
- Same relationship, not topic
- Define Before Choosing
- State relationship in a sentence
Sentence Completion Signal Words
Contrast words flip; continuation words support the idea
But/although = contrastAnd/because = continuationPredict before peekingMatch sentence tone
Sentence Completion Signals
- Contrast Signals
- But, although, however, despite, yet
- Continuation Signals
- And, moreover, because, since, therefore
- Predict Before You Peek
- Guess word before reading choices
- Double-Blank Strategy
- Eliminate one blank at a time
- Tone Matching
- Word must match sentence tone
- Read Whole Sentence First
- Grasp overall idea, then choose
Detail vs Inference Question
Detail Question
- Fact stated directly
- Locate exact line
Inference Question
- Not directly stated
- Must be supported
Stated vs implied fact
Time-Pressure Pacing Guide
- About 1 min per Q→Estimate, eliminate, don't over-calculate(Round numbers when possible)
- Long reading passage→Skim first, scan for details(Don't reread whole passage)
- Stuck between two choices→Pick best, mark, move on(Return only if time remains)
- Computer-based test section ends→Cannot return to that section(Answer everything before time's up)
- Two blanks in one sentence→Evaluate blanks one at a time(Eliminate on first blank misfit)
Reading Comprehension Question Types
- Main Idea
- Central point of passage
- Detail Question
- Exact fact stated in text
- Inference Question
- Supported but not stated
- Vocabulary in Context
- Meaning as used here
- Author's Purpose
- Inform, persuade, describe, argue
- Author's Tone
- Attitude shown by word choice
- Passage Organization
- Compare, cause-effect, sequence, problem-solution
- Wrong-Answer Traps
- Extreme, out-of-scope, reversed, half-true
Contextual Error vs Odd Word Out
Contextual Error
- One sentence given
- Word breaks logic
Odd Word Out
- Group of words given
- Word breaks category
Sentence logic vs category
Contextual Error Tactics
- Contextual Error Defined
- Word breaks sentence logic
- Logic, Not Grammar
- Word is grammatically correct
- Read for Consistency
- Check each word against message
- Logical-Link Words
- Because, since, as a result
- Substitution Test
- Swap word for its opposite
- Contextual vs Grammar Error
- Valid word, wrong meaning
Odd Word Out Tactics
- Odd-Word-Out Format
- Find word that doesn't belong
- Find the Category First
- Name the shared category
- Function Grouping
- Things you write with
- Material Grouping
- Things made of wood
- Class Grouping
- Types of birds
- Surface-Similarity Trap
- Looks similar, fails precise attribute
- Potato Example
- Vegetable hidden among fruits
Common Traps
Successive % Changes
Never add percentages ≠ Multiply factors sequentially
Average Speed Trap
Not simple average ≠ Use harmonic mean formula
Mean vs Median Confusion
Outliers skew mean ≠ Median stays stable
Contextual Error Is Not Grammar
Word is grammatically fine ≠ Meaning breaks the logic
Odd Word Out Surface Trap
Similar topic, wrong category ≠ Name category before choosing
Analogy Same Relationship
Not just related topic ≠ Match exact relationship type
Inference Overreach
Not outside knowledge allowed ≠ Must stay within passage
Last Minute
- 1.120 Q paper, 96 Q computer
- 2.68 Verbal, 52 Quantitative questions
- 3.Score 0-100 percentile, no pass mark
- 4.About 1 minute per question
- 5.2.5 hours paper-based test
- 6.Harmonic mean for equal-distance speed
- 7.Successive % changes never simply add
- 8.Pythagorean: a^2+b^2=c^2
- 9.Contextual error = logic, not grammar
- 10.Odd word out: name category first
- 11.Analogy: match exact relationship type
- 12.Predict answer before reading choices
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