Intelligence Test
Not publishedof exam
English
Not publishedof exam
Physics (FSc Level)
Not publishedof exam
Mathematics (FSc Level)
Not publishedof exam
Route + Logistics
Not publishedof exam
Quick Facts
- Course
- 108 Aeronautical Engineering Course
- Stage 1
- Intelligence test
- Stage 2
- E-test: English, Physics, Maths
- Level
- FSc; Punjab Board Books I-II
- Chemistry
- Eligibility only, not tested
- Flying Aptitude Test
- GD Pilot only, not CAE
- Questions
- Not published by PAF
- Time
- Not published by PAF
- Pass mark
- Not published by PAF
- Only authority
- joinpaf.gov.pk active notice
Rotation Map
90° clockwise: up→right→down→left
180° = opposite sideAnticlockwise reverses itMirror ≠ rotation
Rotation vs Reflection
Rotation
- Handedness preserved
- Turn about a centre
- 90°, 180°, 270°
Reflection
- Handedness reversed
- Mirror across a line
- Looks flipped
Mirrored option is reflection
Number Series Picker
- Constant gap→Arithmetic rule(Add d)
- Gap changes steadily→Second differences
- Constant ratio→Geometric rule(Multiply by r)
- Alternating jumps→Two interleaved series
- Near squares or cubes→n² or n³ ± k
- Nothing fits fast→Skip and return(Pacing)
Analogies + Classification
- Analogy
- Build one precise bridge sentence
- Bridge test
- Narrow sentence if two fit
- Odd-one-out
- Property excluding exactly one item
- Classification
- Category, state, or numeric property
- Synonym pairs
- Match register, not difficulty
- Direction sense
- Sketch axes before counting turns
- Verbal logic
- Only necessary conclusions count
- Quantifier trap
- Some never supports all
Dice + Nets
Opposite faces sum to seven
Never both in viewOne gap = opposite facen folds → 2ⁿ holes
Coding, Series + Logic
- Coding rule
- Derive from one letter
- Confirm step
- Verify rule on second letter
- Shift cipher
- Constant +1, -2 letter offset
- Reversal cipher
- A↔Z, B↔Y mapping
- Letter positions
- A=1 up to Z=26
- Series order
- Differences, then ratios, then alternating
- Second differences
- Try when first differences vary
- Geometric jump
- Constant ratio: 2, 6, 18
- Squares/cubes
- n² or n³ plus constant
Figure Series + Matrices
- One attribute
- Track rotation, count, shading separately
- Two cycles
- Most series run independent rules
- 3×3 matrix
- Check columns, not only rows
- Overlay rule
- Sum, difference, or overlap
- Second-line check
- Rule must repeat elsewhere
- Odd figure
- One attribute breaks the set
- Embedded figure
- Same size, same orientation, hidden
Rotation + Spatial Rules
- 90° clockwise
- Up→right→down→left→up
- 180° turn
- Every point to opposite side
- Rotation test
- Handedness preserved, mirror is reflection
- Mirror image
- Reflection, never a rotation
- Paper folding
- n folds → 2ⁿ holes
- Unfolding
- Reverse order, mirror each fold
- Dice opposites
- Opposite faces sum to seven
- Cube net
- One square gap = opposite face
Preposition Pairs
Consist of, comply with, differ from
depend oncapable ofresponsible forsuperior todeprive of
Active vs Passive
Active
- Subject acts
- Technician calibrated instrument
- Direct word order
Passive
- Object becomes subject
- be + past participle
- Agent after 'by'
Tense must not drift
English Item Picker
- Blank after verb→Fixed preposition list
- 'By' agent appears→Passive voice item
- Subject far from verb→Ignore intervening phrase
- Neither...nor present→Agree with nearer subject
- Two synonyms offered→Pick standard collocation
- If-clause given→Present tense after if
Fixed Prepositions
- consist of
- Be made up of
- comply with
- Follow a rule
- differ from
- Be unlike something
- depend on
- Be determined by
- capable of
- Able to do
- familiar with
- Know well
- responsible for
- Accountable for
- superior to
- Better than; never 'than'
- insist on
- Demand firmly
- deprive of
- Take away from
- adhere to
- Stick to; follow
- result in
- Cause; result from = caused
Voice, Tense + Agreement
- Passive form
- be + past participle
- Passive subject
- Old object becomes subject
- Agent
- Old subject follows 'by'
- Tense drift
- Passive keeps original tense
- Each, every
- Always singular verb
- Neither...nor
- Verb agrees with nearer subject
- Intervening phrase
- 'The set of tools' ignored
- Real condition
- If + present, then will
- Will in if-clause
- Error in real conditions
- Since vs for
- Point in time vs duration
Sentence Completion + Collocation
- conduct research
- Standard academic collocation
- carry out a test
- Standard technical collocation
- accurate representation
- Register matches formal writing
- Near-synonym trap
- Fits meaning, breaks the phrase
- Read whole sentence
- Test each option in place
- Signal words
- However, therefore set direction
High-Frequency Spellings
- maintenance
- -ance, not -ence
- occurrence
- Double c, double r
- accommodate
- Double c, double m
- necessary
- One c, double s
- separate
- 'par' in the middle
- recommend
- One c, double m
- definitely
- No 'a'; finite inside
- equipment
- Single p, no 'e'
Significant Figures
Multiply → sig figs; add → decimals
×,÷ least sig figs+,− least decimal placesCheck both sides
Isothermal vs Adiabatic
Isothermal
- Constant temperature
- ΔU = 0
- Heat becomes work
Adiabatic
- No heat flow
- Q = 0
- Expansion cools gas
Heat in vs temperature held
Physics Approach Picker
- Forces, no acceleration→Both equilibrium conditions
- Speed change asked→Work-energy theorem
- Collision or impact→Impulse-momentum(Ft = Δp)
- Circular path→a = v²/r(Toward centre)
- Duct narrows→Continuity, then Bernoulli
- Gas process named→First law with condition
- Flux changing→Faraday plus Lenz
- Light and frequency→Photoelectric equation
Units + Measurement
- Sig figs (×,÷)
- Fewest sig figs wins
- Sig figs (+,−)
- Fewest decimal places wins
- Base units
- m, kg, s, A, K
- Newton
- kg·m/s²
- Pascal
- N/m²
- Joule
- N·m = kg·m²/s²
- Watt
- J/s
- Dimensional check
- Both sides must match
- Random vs systematic
- Averaging fixes random only
Gas Processes
Isothermal ΔU=0, adiabatic Q=0
Isobaric: W = PΔVIsochoric: no workAlways use kelvin
Series vs Parallel
Series
- Resistances add
- Above largest resistor
- Same current
Parallel
- Reciprocals add
- Below smallest resistor
- Same voltage
Check against smallest resistor
Mechanics Formulas
- F = ma
- Only when mass constant
- F = Δp/Δt
- General second-law form
- Impulse
- Ft = Δp; longer time, less force
- Work-energy
- Net work = ΔKE
- Power
- P = W/t = Fv
- 1st equilibrium
- ΣF = 0, no acceleration
- 2nd equilibrium
- Στ = 0, no spin
- Centripetal
- a = v²/r, toward centre
- Centrifugal
- Only in rotating frame
- Projectile range
- R = v²sin2θ/g, max 45°
- SHM condition
- a ∝ -x toward equilibrium
- Pendulum period
- T = 2π√(l/g)
- Mass-spring period
- T = 2π√(m/k)
- Escape velocity
- v = √(2GM/R)
Fluids + Flight Physics
- Continuity
- A₁v₁ = A₂v₂
- Narrow duct
- Smaller area, higher speed
- Bernoulli
- P + ½ρv² + ρgh constant
- Bernoulli limits
- Steady, non-viscous, incompressible, one streamline
- Lift explanation
- Faster flow, lower pressure
- Terminal velocity
- Drag balances weight, zero acceleration
- Stokes drag
- F = 6πηrv for spheres
- Torricelli
- v = √(2gh) from orifice
Heat + Thermodynamics
- First law
- ΔU = Q - W
- Isothermal
- ΔU = 0; heat becomes work
- Adiabatic
- Q = 0; gas cools expanding
- Isobaric
- Constant pressure; W = PΔV
- Isochoric
- Constant volume; no work
- Carnot efficiency
- 1 - T_cold/T_hot in kelvin
- Second law
- Entropy of universe increases
- Ideal gas
- PV = nRT
- Kelvin rule
- Gas laws need absolute temperature
Electricity + Magnetism
- Coulomb
- F ∝ q₁q₂/r²
- Inverse square
- Triple distance → one ninth
- Field vs force
- E depends on source charge
- Series R
- Add; total exceeds largest
- Parallel R
- Reciprocals; below smallest resistor
- Two equal parallel
- Exactly half one resistor
- Capacitors
- Opposite of resistor rules
- Conductor force
- F = BIL sinθ
- Moving charge
- F = qvB sinθ
- Max vs zero force
- Perpendicular max, parallel zero
- Faraday
- EMF ∝ rate of flux change
- Lenz
- Induced current opposes change
- RMS
- Peak/√2 ≈ 0.707 peak
- 220 V mains
- RMS; peak about 311 V
Waves + Optics
- Wave equation
- v = fλ
- New medium
- Frequency fixed, wavelength changes
- Doppler
- Approach raises observed frequency
- Young's fringes
- Δy = λL/d
- Bright fringe
- Path difference = nλ
- Dark fringe
- Path difference = (n+½)λ
- Diffraction grating
- d sinθ = nλ
- Polarisation
- Transverse only; not sound
- Snell
- n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂
- Total internal reflection
- Dense → rare, beyond critical angle
- Convex lens
- Positive focal length
- Concave lens
- Negative focal length; virtual image
- Lens power
- P = 1/f in dioptres
Modern Physics + Electronics
- n-type
- Pentavalent dopant; electrons majority
- p-type
- Trivalent dopant; holes majority
- Doped crystal charge
- Still electrically neutral overall
- Forward bias
- p to positive; current flows
- Reverse bias
- Wide depletion; blocks current
- Half-wave rectifier
- One diode; half cycle
- Full-wave rectifier
- Four-diode bridge; both halves
- Zener
- Reverse breakdown; voltage regulator
- AND gate
- Output 1 only if both
- NAND gate
- Universal gate; inverted AND
- Photoelectric
- KE_max = hf - φ
- Threshold frequency
- Below it, no emission ever
- Intensity effect
- More electrons, same maximum energy
- de Broglie
- λ = h/p
- Half-life
- Fixed fraction, independent of amount
- Mass defect
- Binding energy = Δmc²
Discriminant Signs
D>0 two, D=0 one, D<0 complex
D = b² - 4acPerfect square → rationalNegative → conjugate pair
Dot vs Cross Product
Dot
- Scalar result
- |a||b| cosθ
- Zero when perpendicular
Cross
- Vector result
- |a||b| sinθ
- Zero when parallel
Scalar vs vector
Maths Method Picker
- Root nature asked→Discriminant only(Skip solving)
- Other root wanted→Sum and product rules
- One coefficient wanted→Binomial general term
- Limit gives 0/0→Factor or rationalise
- Composite function→Chain rule
- Max or min asked→f'=0, then f''
- Area under curve→Definite integral
- Perpendicularity asked→Dot product zero
- Order matters→nPr(Else nCr)
Algebra + Matrices
- Discriminant
- D = b² - 4ac
- D > 0
- Two distinct real roots
- D = 0
- One repeated real root
- D < 0
- Conjugate complex root pair
- Perfect square D
- Roots are rational
- Sum of roots
- -b/a
- Product of roots
- c/a
- Rebuild quadratic
- x² - (sum)x + product
- Inverse exists
- Determinant non-zero (non-singular)
- 2×2 inverse
- 1/(ad-bc) × [[d,-b],[-c,a]]
- Zero determinant
- No unique solution
- Partial fractions
- Split proper rational expression
- Log product
- log(ab) = log a + log b
- Change of base
- log_b x = ln x/ln b
Conic Classifier
One square parabola, added ellipse, subtracted hyperbola
Equal coefficients → circleRead signs before algebray² = 4ax → focus (a,0)
Permutation vs Combination
nPr
- Order matters
- Seating, ranking, codes
- Always larger
nCr
- Order ignored
- Committees, teams, handshakes
- Always smaller
nPr = nCr × r!
Sequences + Binomial
- AP nth term
- a + (n-1)d
- AP sum
- n/2 [2a + (n-1)d]
- GP nth term
- a r^(n-1)
- GP sum
- a(1-rⁿ)/(1-r)
- Infinite GP
- a/(1-r) only if |r|<1
- AM
- (a+b)/2
- GM
- √(ab) and AM ≥ GM
- General term
- C(n,r)·a^(n−r)·b^r
- Find coefficient
- Solve for r; skip expansion
- Middle term
- n even → one middle term
- Induction steps
- Base case, then step n+1
Independent vs Mutually Exclusive
Independent
- Multiply probabilities
- One does not affect other
Mutually exclusive
- Cannot both occur
- Add probabilities
Never both, unless zero
Trigonometry
- sin(A±B)
- sinA cosB ± cosA sinB
- cos(A±B)
- cosA cosB ∓ sinA sinB
- Sign flip
- Cosine formula reverses the sign
- sin 2A
- 2 sinA cosA
- cos 2A
- cos²A - sin²A
- cos 2A forms
- 1-2sin²A or 2cos²A-1
- tan 2A
- 2tanA/(1-tan²A)
- Pythagorean
- sin²θ + cos²θ = 1
- Sine rule
- a/sinA = b/sinB
- Cosine rule
- c² = a² + b² - 2ab cosC
- arcsin range
- -90° to 90°
- arccos range
- 0° to 180°
- arctan range
- Strictly between -90° and 90°
- General solution
- Add 360°n; tangent adds 180°n
- Radian mode
- Calculus limits assume radians
Calculus
- Product rule
- u'v + uv'
- Quotient rule
- (u'v - uv')/v²
- Quotient order
- Reversing numerator flips sign
- Chain rule
- dy/du × du/dx
- 0/0 limit
- Indeterminate: factor or rationalise
- sin x / x
- → 1 as x → 0
- Stationary point
- f'(x) = 0
- f'' < 0
- Maximum
- f'' > 0
- Minimum
- f'' = 0
- Inconclusive; check f' signs
- Power integral
- x^(n+1)/(n+1) + C
- n = -1 case
- ∫dx/x = ln|x| + C
- ∫eˣ dx
- eˣ + C
- ∫sin x dx
- -cos x + C
- Definite integral
- F(b) - F(a)
- No +C
- Definite integrals drop the constant
- Substitution limits
- Convert limits or revert x
Conics + Vectors
- One square only
- Parabola
- y² = 4ax
- Focus (a, 0)
- Squares added
- Ellipse (unequal denominators)
- Squares subtracted
- Hyperbola
- Equal coefficients
- Circle
- Classify first
- Read signs before algebra
- Line gradient
- m = (y₂-y₁)/(x₂-x₁)
- Perpendicular lines
- m₁m₂ = -1
- Dot product
- |a||b| cosθ; a scalar
- Dot = 0
- Vectors are perpendicular
- Cross product
- |a||b| sinθ; a vector
- Cross = 0
- Vectors are parallel
- Anti-commutative
- a×b = -(b×a)
- Unit vectors
- i×j = k, j×k = i
Counting + Probability
- nPr
- n!/(n-r)!; order matters
- nCr
- n!/(r!(n-r)!) order ignored
- Relation
- nPr = nCr × r!
- Which is larger
- Permutations always exceed combinations
- Committee, team
- Combination
- Seating, ranking
- Permutation
- Independent events
- P(A∩B) = P(A)P(B)
- Mutually exclusive
- P(A∩B) = 0
- Addition rule
- P(A)+P(B)-P(A∩B)
- Complement
- 1 - P(A)
- Both at once
- Cannot be independent and exclusive
Test Order
Intelligence → English → Physics → Maths
Intelligence firstEnglish, Physics, MathsMaths is CAE-onlyNo Chemistry
CAE vs GD Pilot
CAE
- English, Physics, Maths
- No Flying Aptitude Test
- Engineering branch
GD Pilot
- English and Physics
- Flying Aptitude Test
- Pilot branch
Maths only for CAE
Which Stage Applies
- Applying for CAE→English, Physics, Maths
- Applying GD Pilot→English and Physics
- Told to prepare FAT→Not a CAE stage
- Passed e-testing→Medical and interview
- Shortlisted by PAF→ISSB, then final medical
- Number seen online→Check the source tier
What PAF Publishes
- Intelligence test
- First stage; verbal, non-verbal
- CAE academic test
- English, Physics, Mathematics
- GD Pilot e-test
- English and Physics only
- Maths section
- CAE only among officer courses
- Syllabus level
- Punjab Textbook Board Books I-II
- Chemistry
- Eligibility subject, never tested
- Flying Aptitude Test
- GD Pilot only, not CAE
- ISSB centres
- Kohat, Gujranwala, Malir, Quetta
- Final medical
- CMH Lahore
- Final selection
- Air Headquarters, overall merit
- Training college
- CAE Risalpur; BE Aerospace/Avionics
- Not published
- Counts, timing, weights, pass mark
- Also not published
- Fee, retry rule, cutoffs
- Only authority
- Active notice on joinpaf.gov.pk
Eligibility vs Tested
Eligibility
- Chemistry required
- Marks, age, height
- Set by advertisement
Tested
- English, Physics, Maths
- Intelligence test first
- No Chemistry
Entry rule ≠ test paper
Selection Sequence
- 1. Registration
- Online at joinpaf.gov.pk
- 2. Intelligence test
- Verbal and non-verbal
- 3. Academic e-test
- English, Physics, Mathematics
- 4. Initial medical
- At the selection centre
- 5. Interview
- At the selection centre
- 6. ISSB
- Shortlisted candidates only
- 7. Final medical
- CMH Lahore
- 8. Final selection
- Air Headquarters, overall merit
Initial Test vs ISSB
Initial test
- One day
- Academic and reasoning
- At selection centre
ISSB
- Multi-day board
- Psychological, leadership tasks
- Kohat, Gujranwala, Malir, Quetta
Knowledge vs personality
Centre Day Documents
- Matric mark sheet
- Original plus attested copies
- Intermediate mark sheet
- Original plus attested copies
- NADRA Smart Card
- Token if not yet issued
- Parents' CNICs
- Both, attested copies
- Hope Certificate
- If result still pending
- Registration slip
- Carries date, time, centre
- Verification time
- Arrive early; queues are long
- Missing document
- Can end the cycle
Published vs Reported
Published
- Subjects and order
- Syllabus books
- Selection sequence
Reported
- Question counts
- Section minutes
- Cutoff percentages
Plan on published only
Source Tiers
- Tier 1
- Active PAF induction advertisement
- Tier 2
- PAF training and portal pages
- Tier 3
- Candidate recall; unverified
- Tier 4
- Coaching tables; marketing claims
- Height dispute
- 163 cm vs 165 cm online
- Only your notice
- Settles eligibility for your intake
- Leaked papers
- Recall or sales hook
- Payment warning
- Never pay unverified channels
Common Traps
Chemistry
Eligibility subject ≠ Not on the test
GD Pilot material
English and Physics ≠ CAE adds Mathematics
Flying Aptitude Test
GD Pilot stage ≠ Never a CAE stage
SSC Engineering Branch
Needs BE and PEC ≠ Separate induction entirely
Coaching cutoffs
Candidate reports ≠ PAF publishes no cutoff
Initial test vs ISSB
Initial is academic ≠ ISSB is a later board
Will in if-clause
Present tense after if ≠ Will in main clause
Significant figures
Products use sig figs ≠ Sums use decimal places
Frequency at boundary
Wavelength changes ≠ Frequency stays fixed
Parallel resistance
Below smallest resistor ≠ Never above it
Centripetal force
Role of existing force ≠ Not an extra force
Quotient rule order
u'v minus uv' ≠ Reversing flips the sign
Last Minute
- 1.CAE test: English, Physics, Maths
- 2.Intelligence test comes first
- 3.Chemistry is eligibility, not tested
- 4.No Flying Aptitude Test for CAE
- 5.Syllabus = Punjab Board Books I-II
- 6.Counts, timing, cutoff: not published
- 7.Prepositions are highest-yield English topic
- 8.Passive = be + past participle
- 9.Discriminant positive means two real roots
- 10.Parallel resistance below smallest resistor
- 11.Frequency stays fixed at a boundary
- 12.Isothermal ΔU=0; adiabatic Q=0
- 13.Dot zero perpendicular, cross zero parallel
- 14.nPr when order matters, else nCr
- 15.Bring originals, attested copies, CNICs
- 16.Only joinpaf.gov.pk settles your rules
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