Part One: Literacy + ELA
Not publishedof exam
Part Two: Mathematics
Not publishedof exam
Part Three: Arts + Sciences
Not publishedof exam
Quick Facts
- Exam
- 221 / 222 / 245
- Parts
- Three separately scored
- Items
- 41 | 41 | 40
- Time
- 2h | 2h15m | 1h
- Pass
- 520 each part
- Combined
- 5h30m plus 15m tutorial
- Fee
- $59 | $59 | $43
- Calculator
- Part Two four-function
- Retake
- 30 days same test
- Shared
- Part Three passes once
Fluency Parts
Fluency = Accuracy + Rate + Prosody
Accuracy: correct wordsRate: automatic paceProsody: expressive phrasing
Phonological vs Phonemic Awareness
Phonological
- Words syllables rhymes
- Broad sound awareness
- Oral language
Phonemic
- Individual phonemes
- Blend segment manipulate
- Oral language
Umbrella vs smallest sounds
Reading Need Picker
- Cannot hear word parts→Phonological practice(Oral only)
- Cannot isolate sounds→Phoneme practice(Oral only)
- Cannot map print sounds→Explicit phonics(Systematic sequence)
- Reads accurately but slowly→Repeated reading(Build fluency)
- Decodes but lacks meaning→Vocabulary plus knowledge(Language comprehension)
- Guesses from pictures→Decode print(Avoid cueing)
- Weak spelling patterns→Encoding practice(Map sounds)
Part One Weights
- Literacy knowledge
- 30% | about 17 SR
- Foundational instruction
- 30% | about 17 SR
- ELA instruction
- 10% | about 6 SR
- Analysis response
- 30% | one CR
- Selected response
- 70% total score
- Testing time
- 120 minutes
Response Order
Evidence -> Diagnosis -> Instruction -> Check
Cite patternName needTeach explicitlyMonitor growth
Phonemic Awareness vs Phonics
Phonemic awareness
- Speech sounds
- No print required
- Hear and manipulate
Phonics
- Print-sound mapping
- Letters required
- Decode and encode
Sounds alone vs printed code
Evidence Response Builder
- Student work provided→Cite evidence
- Error pattern appears→Diagnose misconception
- Next objective needed→Name target skill
- Intervention requested→Choose explicit lesson
- Justification requested→Link evidence
- Monitoring requested→State quick check
Reading Foundations
- Phonological awareness
- Sound-unit umbrella
- Phonemic awareness
- Individual phoneme work
- Phonics
- Grapheme-phoneme mapping
- Alphabetic principle
- Letters represent sounds
- Decoding
- Print to speech
- Encoding
- Speech to spelling
- Fluency
- Accuracy rate prosody
- Morphology
- Meaningful word parts
Screening vs Diagnostic
Screening
- All learners
- Brief risk check
- Who needs review
Diagnostic
- Selected learners
- Detailed skill check
- What needs instruction
Find risk vs locate need
Word Reading + Vocabulary
- Closed syllable
- Consonant ending; short vowel
- Open syllable
- Vowel ending; long vowel
- VCe syllable
- Silent-e changes vowel
- Vowel team
- Letters share vowel sound
- R-controlled
- R alters vowel
- Schwa
- Unstressed reduced vowel
- Tier Two
- Cross-context academic words
- Context clues
- Nearby meaning signals
Literacy Assessment
- Screening
- Find possible risk
- Diagnostic
- Locate specific need
- Progress monitoring
- Track instructional response
- Formative
- Guide current instruction
- Summative
- Judge completed learning
- Running record
- Oral reading evidence
- Error analysis
- Pattern reveals misconception
ELA Text Skills
- Main idea
- Central informational point
- Theme
- Underlying literary message
- Inference
- Evidence plus reasoning
- Text evidence
- Specific supporting detail
- Claim
- Arguable position
- Reasons
- Support claim logic
- Text structure
- Ideas organized purposefully
- Visual literacy
- Interpret images and media
Writing + Language
- Narrative
- Events and experiences
- Informative
- Explain accurate information
- Argument
- Claim reasons evidence
- Revision
- Improve ideas organization
- Editing
- Correct conventions
- Cohesion
- Ideas connect smoothly
- Syntax
- Sentence arrangement
- Register
- Language fits context
Literacy Response
- Student evidence
- Quote exact pattern
- Skill diagnosis
- Name underlying gap
- Instructional goal
- Target measurable skill
- Explicit model
- Show thinking aloud
- Guided practice
- Scaffold with feedback
- Progress check
- Measure student response
CRA Sequence
Concrete -> Representational -> Abstract
Touch objectsDraw modelsUse symbols
Perimeter vs Area
Perimeter
- Boundary distance
- Linear units
- Add side lengths
Area
- Surface covered
- Square units
- Multiply dimensions
Around vs inside
Math Model Picker
- Place value confusion→Base-ten blocks
- Fraction size confusion→Fraction strips
- Multiplication meaning→Arrays
- Proportional relationship→Ratio table
- Integer direction→Number line
- Unknown quantity→Bar model
- Area reasoning→Tile grid
- Data comparison→Graph choice
Part Two Weights
- Number operations
- 5% | about 3 SR
- Ratios number systems
- 30% | about 15 SR
- Algebra geometry data
- 35% | about 17 SR
- Math instruction
- 10% | about 5 SR
- Analysis response
- 20% | one CR
- Testing time
- 135 minutes
Expression vs Equation
Expression
- No equality sign
- Simplify or evaluate
- Represents quantity
Equation
- Has equality sign
- Solve or verify
- States equivalence
Quantity vs equality
Number + Ratios
- Place value
- Position determines value
- Fraction
- Equal-part relationship
- Ratio
- Multiplicative comparison
- Unit rate
- Quantity per one
- Percent
- Rate per hundred
- Integer
- Whole signed number
- Prime
- Exactly two factors
- GCF
- Greatest shared factor
- LCM
- Smallest shared multiple
Mean vs Median
Mean
- Sum divided by count
- Uses every value
- Sensitive to outliers
Median
- Ordered middle
- Position based
- Resists outliers
Average vs middle
Algebra Geometry + Data
- Expression
- No equality sign
- Equation
- Equal quantities statement
- Variable
- Unknown or changing value
- Perimeter
- Sum boundary lengths
- Rectangle area
- A = l × w
- Triangle area
- A = ½bh
- Circle circumference
- C = 2πr
- Circle area
- A = πr²
- Prism volume
- V = lwh
- Mean
- Sum divided by count
- Median
- Ordered middle value
- Probability
- Favorable over total
Math Instruction
- Concrete
- Manipulate physical objects
- Representational
- Use visual models
- Abstract
- Use symbols
- Number line
- Magnitude and operations
- Array
- Equal groups model
- Area model
- Decompose multiplication
- Math discourse
- Explain and critique
- Error analysis
- Diagnose thinking pattern
Math Response
- Work sample
- Identify exact evidence
- Misconception
- Explain flawed reasoning
- Representation
- Match conceptual need
- Procedure
- Connect meaning and steps
- Questioning
- Elicit student reasoning
- Assessment
- Verify new understanding
Science Inquiry
Question -> Hypothesis -> Test -> Analyze -> Conclude
Control variablesCollect evidenceRevise explanation
Independent vs Dependent Variable
Independent
- Researcher changes
- Possible cause
- Horizontal axis often
Dependent
- Researcher measures
- Observed effect
- Vertical axis often
Change vs measure
Part Three Weights
- Science technology
- 40% | about 16 SR
- Social studies
- 40% | about 16 SR
- Combined fields
- 20% | about 8 SR
- Selected response
- 100% total score
- Constructed response
- None
- Testing time
- 60 minutes
Geography Themes
Location Place HEI Movement Region
HEI: human-environment interactionMovement: people ideas goodsRegion: shared traits
Primary vs Secondary Source
Primary
- Original evidence
- Direct perspective
- Needs sourcing
Secondary
- Later analysis
- Combines evidence
- Needs sourcing
Evidence vs interpretation
Science + Technology
- Independent variable
- Deliberately changed factor
- Dependent variable
- Measured outcome
- Control group
- Comparison without treatment
- Constants
- Factors kept unchanged
- Hypothesis
- Testable predicted relationship
- Evidence
- Observed supporting data
- Photosynthesis
- Light stores chemical energy
- Food chain
- Energy transfer pathway
- Water cycle
- Water changes and moves
- Engineering design
- Iterative solution process
Arts Health + Life
- Art elements
- Line shape color texture
- Primary pigments
- Red yellow blue
- Tempo
- Musical speed
- Rhythm
- Sound-duration pattern
- Dance space
- Level direction pathway
- Fitness
- Activity supports health
- Hygiene
- Prevents illness spread
- Nutrition
- Balanced varied intake
- Needs versus wants
- Essentials versus preferences
- Career awareness
- Explore interests and roles
- Conflict resolution
- Listen negotiate solve
Common Traps
Letters vs phonemes
Count written symbols ≠ Count spoken sounds
Cueing vs decoding
Pictures cannot decode print ≠ Phonics reads print
Large denominator trap
More equal pieces ≠ Smaller piece size
Procedure vs understanding
Correct steps alone ≠ Explain why steps work
Correlation vs causation
Variables move together ≠ One produces change
Moon phase vs eclipse
Viewing sunlit half ≠ Aligned bodies create shadow
Weather vs climate
Short-term conditions ≠ Long-term patterns
Branch powers
Legislature makes laws ≠ Judiciary interprets laws
Last Minute
- 1.Pass each part separately
- 2.Pass score: 520 each part
- 3.221: 70% SR; 30% CR
- 4.222: 80% SR; 20% CR
- 5.245: Science 40%; Social 40%
- 6.245: Combined fields 20%
- 7.CR: cite student evidence
- 8.CR: diagnose then teach
- 9.Math: model before procedure
- 10.Calculator: four functions only
- 11.Part Three transfers across levels
- 12.Retake same test after 30 days
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