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Exam Review

Key Facts: Taiwan Physician Licensing Examination Exam

520 items

Total questions across Stage 1 (200 items) and Stage 2 (320 items) in the official CBT licensing examination.

MOEX 2026 official examination timetable and item-count table

60% avg per stage

Passing standard requiring an arithmetic mean of ≥ 60.00% across all papers in each respective stage, with no zero score.

MOEX Staged Examination Regulations, Article 9

720 min

Total testing time across both stages (120 minutes allotted for each of the six CBT papers).

MOEX CBT Examination Timetable

NTD 2,500

Standard examination registration fee per stage under MOEX computerized testing schedule.

MOEX Examination Fee Standards, fee appendix effective September 1, 2025 (FL044192)

Independent 100-question English MCQ study bank for basic and clinical subjects of Taiwan's two-stage Physician Examination.

Sample Taiwan Physician Licensing Examination Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Taiwan Physician Licensing Examination exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1A newborn delivered via difficult vaginal delivery with shoulder dystocia is noted to have an asymmetric Moro reflex. On physical examination, the right upper extremity is held in adduction and internal rotation, with the elbow extended, forearm pronated, and wrist flexed. Which spinal nerve roots and anatomical structure are most likely injured?
A.C5 and C6 roots (upper trunk of brachial plexus)
B.C8 and T1 roots (lower trunk of brachial plexus)
C.Long thoracic nerve (roots C5, C6, C7)
D.Radial nerve in the spiral groove
Explanation: This presentation is classic for Erb-Duchenne palsy caused by traction injury to the C5 and C6 nerve roots forming the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. Damage to the suprascapular, musculocutaneous, and axillary nerves leads to loss of shoulder abduction, external rotation, and forearm supination, creating the characteristic 'waiter's tip' deformity. The Moro reflex is absent on the affected side while the grasp reflex remains intact.
2A 68-year-old woman presents with a tender mass in her right groin inferior to the inguinal ligament. Surgical exploration confirms a hernia protruding through the femoral ring into the femoral canal. What is the precise medial anatomical boundary of this hernia orifice?
A.Femoral vein
B.Lacunar ligament (Gimbernat ligament)
C.Inguinal ligament (Poupart ligament)
D.Pectineal ligament (Cooper ligament)
Explanation: The femoral canal is bounded laterally by the femoral vein, medially by the sharp, crescentic free margin of the lacunar ligament (Gimbernat ligament), anteriorly by the inguinal ligament, and posteriorly by the pectineal ligament (Cooper ligament) and pectineus fascia. The rigid boundary of the lacunar ligament medially accounts for the high risk of incarceration and strangulation in femoral hernias.
3A 2-day-old infant fails to pass meconium and exhibits abdominal distension with bilious vomiting. Rectal biopsy demonstrates absence of ganglion cells in the submucosal (Meissner) and myenteric (Auerbach) plexuses. Which embryonic cell lineage failed to migrate properly to the distal colon during development?
A.Endodermal epithelial precursors
B.Splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm
C.Neural crest cells
D.Paraxial somatic mesoderm
Explanation: Hirschsprung disease (congenital aganglionic megacolon) is caused by the failure of neural crest cells to migrate craniocaudally into the intestinal wall between the 5th and 12th weeks of gestation. Neural crest cells normally differentiate into enteric neurons forming the submucosal (Meissner) and myenteric (Auerbach) plexuses, as well as Schwann cells, melanocytes, and chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla.
4A 22-year-old college student presents with a painless, slowly enlarging mass along the anterior border of the upper third of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle. The mass is fluctuant, smooth, and does not move with swallowing. What is the embryological origin of this lesion?
A.Persistent thyroglossal duct
B.Incomplete obliteration of the first pharyngeal pouch
C.Remnant of the second pharyngeal arch cartilage
D.Failure of obliteration of the second pharyngeal cleft
Explanation: A branchial cleft cyst (cervical lymphoepithelial cyst) most commonly arises from failure of complete obliteration of the second pharyngeal cleft (or cervical sinus of His). It presents characteristically as a painless, fluctuant lateral neck mass along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, typically anterior to the upper and middle thirds.
5Which cellular component of the respiratory epithelium in terminal and respiratory bronchioles is non-ciliated, dome-shaped, contains abundant cytochrome P450 enzymes for xenobiotic detoxification, and secretes uteroglobin (CC16)?
A.Club cells (Clara cells)
B.Type II alveolar pneumocytes
C.Goblet cells
D.Kulchitsky cells (neuroendocrine cells)
Explanation: Club cells (formerly known as Clara cells) are non-ciliated, cuboidal to dome-shaped cells located predominantly in terminal and respiratory bronchioles. They secrete uteroglobin (club cell secretory protein / CC16) and glycosaminoglycans, act as regenerative stem cells for the bronchiolar epithelium, and express high levels of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases for detoxifying inhaled toxins.
6A newborn infant presents with massive generalized edema, severe proteinuria, and profound hypoalbuminemia. Genetic analysis reveals a homozygous loss-of-function mutation in the NPHS1 gene encoding nephrin. What structural component of the glomerular filtration barrier is directly disrupted by this mutation?
A.Glomerular endothelial fenestrations
B.Podocyte slit diaphragm
C.Lamina densa of the basement membrane
D.Mesangial matrix scaffold
Explanation: Nephrin is a transmembrane adhesion glycoprotein encoded by NPHS1 that forms the core zipper-like structural backbone of the podocyte slit diaphragm. Mutations in NPHS1 cause congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type, characterized by disruption of the slit diaphragm filtration barrier, resulting in massive in utero or early infantile proteinuria.
7In a left ventricular pressure-volume loop, what is the immediate hemodynamic effect of administering a rapid intravenous bolus of 500 mL normal saline in a healthy adult?
A.Shift of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) upward and to the left
B.Decrease in end-diastolic volume with decreased stroke volume
C.Increase in end-diastolic volume with increased stroke volume along the same ESPVR
D.Increase in end-systolic volume with reduced width of the PV loop
Explanation: Intravenous volume expansion increases venous return, thereby increasing left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload). According to the Frank-Starling law, this stretches cardiac myocytes toward optimal sarcomere length, increasing stroke volume (represented by increased width of the PV loop) without changing the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (inotropic contractility).
8A patient with severe acute hypoxemia undergoes blood gas analysis while breathing room air and then while breathing 100% inspired oxygen (FiO2 1.0). The arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) fails to rise significantly above 60 mmHg despite 100% FiO2. What pathophysiological mechanism is most consistent with this finding?
A.Alveolar hypoventilation due to central nervous system depression
B.High altitude exposure with low barometric pressure
C.Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch caused by mild bronchial asthma
D.Right-to-left anatomical or intrapulmonary shunt
Explanation: A true right-to-left shunt (e.g., severe ARDS with complete alveolar collapse, massive pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, or cyanotic congenital heart disease) allows deoxygenated venous blood to bypass ventilated alveoli entirely. Consequently, breathing 100% oxygen cannot oxygenate the shunted blood, resulting in a minimal or absent rise in PaO2, in contrast to V/Q mismatch or hypoventilation which readily correct with supplemental oxygen.
9A pharmacological agent selectively constricts the efferent arterioles of the renal glomeruli without altering afferent arteriolar resistance. What changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), and filtration fraction (FF) will occur?
A.Increased GFR, decreased RPF, increased FF
B.Decreased GFR, decreased RPF, decreased FF
C.Increased GFR, increased RPF, unchanged FF
D.Decreased GFR, increased RPF, decreased FF
Explanation: Selective constriction of the efferent arteriole increases glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure, which increases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). At the same time, the increased downstream renal vascular resistance reduces total renal plasma flow (RPF). Because FF = GFR / RPF, an increase in the numerator and decrease in the denominator produces a marked increase in the filtration fraction (FF).
10A 45-year-old woman develops hypocalcemia following subtotal thyroidectomy due to inadvertent parathyroid gland excision. Which of the following is the direct primary physiological action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the nephron?
A.Inhibition of 1-alpha-hydroxylase in the proximal convoluted tubule
B.Stimulation of calcium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and inhibition of phosphate reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule
C.Inhibition of calcium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of Henle
D.Stimulation of both calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule
Explanation: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) acts on the kidneys to stimulate active calcium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule (via apical TRPV5 channels and basolateral NCX1 exchangers) while inhibiting sodium-phosphate cotransport (NaPi-IIa) in the proximal tubule, causing phosphaturia. PTH also stimulates renal 1-alpha-hydroxylase in the proximal tubule to convert 25-hydroxyvitamin D to active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

About the Taiwan Physician Licensing Examination Exam

Independent English-language MCQ study adaptation by OpenExamPrep for 專門職業及技術人員高等考試醫師考試分階段考試. MOEX administers the official CBT in Traditional Chinese. This bank is not an official translation, a full exam-format simulation, or a substitute for clinical skills assessment, supervised clinical and practical training.

Exam sponsor: Ministry of Examination (考選部 / MOEX). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Stage 1: 醫學（一） (100 items, 120 min) and 醫學（二） (100 items, 120 min). Stage 2: 醫學（三） (80 items, 120 min), 醫學（四） (80 items, 120 min), 醫學（五） (80 items, 120 min), and 醫學（六） (80 items, 120 min).

Time Limit

720 minutes total (120 minutes per paper across 6 papers in two stages).

Passing Score

Average score of 60/100 for each stage independently, with no paper scoring zero.

Exam / Certification Fees

NTD 2,500 per stage for computerized testing under the fee schedule effective September 1, 2025.

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

30 practice questions (30% bank weighting; Stage 1 subjects 醫學一 & 醫學二)

Basic Medical Sciences (基礎醫學)

Gross anatomy, neuroanatomy, embryology, histology, physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, immunology, pathology, and pharmacology.

25 practice questions (25% bank weighting; Stage 2 subject 醫學三)

Internal Medicine and Family Medicine (內科學與家庭醫學科)

Cardiology, pulmonology, gastroenterology, nephrology, endocrinology, hematology-oncology, infectious diseases, and preventive outpatient care.

20 practice questions (20% bank weighting; Stage 2 subject 醫學四)

Pediatrics, Dermatology, and Neuropsychiatry (小兒科、皮膚科與神經精神科)

Pediatric developmental milestones, neonatal resuscitation, acute pediatric infections, dermatology, acute stroke, and clinical psychiatry.

14 study questions; surgery, orthopedics and urology topics

Surgery, Orthopedics, and Urology (外科學、骨科與泌尿科)

General surgery, surgical oncology, acute abdomen, trauma, orthopedic fracture management and urolithiasis.

11 study questions; obstetrics, gynecology, anesthesia and cross-cutting clinical/ethical topics

Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Specialties (婦產科與各專科)

Prenatal assessment, obstetric emergencies, gynecologic oncology, anesthesiology, emergency care, ophthalmology, ENT and professional duties. The official sixth paper also includes rehabilitation medicine.

Preparing for the Taiwan Physician Licensing Examination Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Average score of 60/100 for each stage independently, with no paper scoring zero.
  • Assessment: Stage 1: 醫學（一） (100 items, 120 min) and 醫學（二） (100 items, 120 min). Stage 2: 醫學（三） (80 items, 120 min), 醫學（四） (80 items, 120 min), 醫學（五） (80 items, 120 min), and 醫學（六） (80 items, 120 min).
  • Time limit: 720 minutes total (120 minutes per paper across 6 papers in two stages).
  • Exam / certification fees: NTD 2,500 per stage for computerized testing under the fee schedule effective September 1, 2025. Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Taiwan Physician Licensing Examination: Suggested Study Strategy

1In basic sciences, focus on pharmacological mechanisms of action, adverse reaction profiles, and pathogen characteristics (e.g., Gram reaction, virulence factors, antimicrobial susceptibility).
2For internal medicine and emergency scenarios, memorize first-line diagnostic algorithms and immediate stabilization steps for acute myocardial infarction, acute ischemic stroke, sepsis, and diabetic ketoacidosis.
3Review surgical acute abdomen presentations, trauma primary survey (ATLS guidelines), and essential pediatric immunization/developmental milestones.
4Familiarize yourself with statutory duties under Taiwan's Physicians Act, including medical record retention requirements, mandatory communicable disease reporting windows, and informed consent principles.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the two-stage structure of the Taiwan Physician Licensing Examination?

The examination is divided into two distinct computerized examination stages. Stage 1 (第一階段考試) covers basic preclinical medical sciences across two 100-question papers: 醫學（一） and 醫學（二）. Stage 2 (第二階段考試) covers clinical medicine across four 80-question papers: 醫學（三）, 醫學（四）, 醫學（五）, and 醫學（六）. Candidates must pass Stage 1 before taking Stage 2, or fulfill specific transition requirements.

What are the passing criteria under MOEX regulations?

Article 9 requires an arithmetic mean of at least 60/100 for each stage, with no zero-scoring paper. Article 6 requires passing Stage 2 within six years after passing Stage 1, otherwise Stage 1 must be taken again. Clinical skills certification and prescribed practical training are separate eligibility requirements for applicable applicants; the written CBT does not replace them.

What is the examination delivery format and language?

The official examination is administered via Computer-Based Testing (CBT) by MOEX in examination test centers across Taiwan. Official questions are presented in Traditional Chinese with standard medical terminology, frequently citing English anatomical, pharmacological, and syndromic terms in parentheses.

How should medical students and graduates use this English practice bank?

This practice bank provides an independent, English-language clinical MCQ study tool designed to reinforce high-yield concepts across both basic science mechanisms and clinical management scenarios. It does not replace official MOEX past exam papers in Traditional Chinese or hospital-based clinical clerkship/OSCE training.