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Exam Review

Key Facts: Taiwan Pharmacist Licensing Examination Exam

450 items

240 Stage 1 items and 210 Stage 2 items; five papers have 80 items and the law paper has 50.

MOEX 2026 official examination timetable and item-count table

60 points

Minimum average score required per stage to pass, with no individual paper scoring zero.

MOEX Examination Scoring Rules

NTD 2,500

Computer-based testing (CBT) examination registration fee per stage.

MOEX Examination Fee Standards, fee appendix effective September 1, 2025 (FL044192)

2 stages

Preclinical pharmaceutical sciences stage followed by post-graduation clinical licensing stage.

Regulations Governing Staged Examinations

Independent English-language MCQ study bank for Taiwan's two-stage Pharmacist Licensing Examination, spanning foundational medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutics, pharmacology, dispensing practice, clinical pharmacotherapy, and pharmaceutical jurisprudence.

Sample Taiwan Pharmacist Licensing Examination Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Taiwan Pharmacist Licensing Examination exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 112+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which structural modification on the penicillin core confers resistance to staphylococcal beta-lactamase (penicillinase)?
A.Incorporation of a bulky, sterically hindering aromatic acyl side chain
B.Addition of an electron-withdrawing alpha-amino group to the benzyl side chain
C.Replacement of the sulfur atom in the thiazolidine ring with an oxygen atom
D.Esterification of the C-3 carboxylic acid group to increase lipophilicity
Explanation: Bulky aromatic acyl side chains, as seen in oxacillin, cloxacillin, and nafcillin, provide steric hindrance around the beta-lactam carbonyl group. This steric barrier prevents the active site serine of staphylococcal beta-lactamase from binding and hydrolyzing the beta-lactam ring while still permitting binding to bacterial penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).
2Which functional group in captopril is responsible for coordinating with the catalytic zinc (Zn2+) ion of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)?
A.Sulfhydryl (-SH) group
B.Carboxylate (-COO-) group
C.Phosphinate (-PO2-) group
D.Hydroxamate (-CONHOH) group
Explanation: Captopril's sulfhydryl group coordinates the catalytic zinc ion in ACE. Other ACE inhibitors use different zinc-binding groups, including carboxylate or phosphinate groups. Rash and taste disturbance are characteristic captopril adverse effects, but a different binding group does not guarantee that an ACE inhibitor can never cause them.
3Which C-6 substituent is characteristic of fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin, without being essential to antibacterial activity of every quinolone?
A.Fluorine atom
B.Methoxy group
C.Piperazinyl ring
D.Cyclopropyl group
Explanation: Ciprofloxacin has fluorine at C-6, a characteristic feature of the fluoroquinolone class. This substitution contributed to the development of potent quinolone antibacterials. Antibacterial activity depends on the whole structure; active nonfluorinated quinolones also exist, so fluorine is not universally essential.
4Compared with an N-methyl morphinan, which nitrogen substituent is present in naloxone? Its antagonist activity depends on the complete molecular structure, not this substitution alone.
A.Replacing the N-methyl group with an N-allyl group
B.Acetylation of the phenolic C-3 hydroxyl group
C.Methylation of the C-6 alcoholic hydroxyl group
D.Saturation of the 7,8-double bond with hydrogen
Explanation: Naloxone has an N-allyl substituent. Nitrogen substitution is an important opioid SAR feature, but replacing morphine's N-methyl with N-allyl alone produces nalorphine, which has mixed agonist-antagonist activity. Naloxone's other structural features also matter; one substituent does not guarantee pure antagonism.
5What is the primary hepatic Phase I metabolic pathway for the antiepileptic drug phenytoin (5,5-diphenylhydantoin)?
A.Aromatic hydroxylation yielding 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH)
B.N-demethylation of the hydantoin nitrogen ring
C.Hydrolytic opening of the imidazolidine ring
D.Oxidative deamination of the primary amine group
Explanation: Phenytoin undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism primarily catalyzed by CYP2C9 (and to a lesser extent CYP2C19) via aromatic para-hydroxylation of one phenyl ring to form 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH). HPPH is subsequently conjugated with glucuronic acid and excreted in the urine. Because this pathway is capacity-limited, saturation occurs within the therapeutic range.
6Which endogenous activated cofactor is required by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) to catalyze Phase II glucuronidation of xenobiotics?
A.Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDP-GA)
B.3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS)
C.S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM)
D.Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA)
Explanation: UDP-glucuronosyltransferases transfer glucuronic acid from uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDP-GA) to nucleophilic substrates containing hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, or sulfhydryl groups. This conjugation adds a highly polar, ionized glucuronide moiety, facilitating biliary and renal elimination.
7During acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose, which reactive electrophilic metabolite causes centrilobular hepatic necrosis once intracellular glutathione is exhausted?
A.N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI)
B.p-Aminophenol
C.4-Hydroxyacetanilide glucuronide
D.Benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide
Explanation: A fraction of acetaminophen is oxidized to NAPQI, which is normally detoxified by glutathione conjugation. In overdose, glutathione availability can become inadequate and NAPQI binds cellular proteins, contributing to liver injury. A fixed percentage of glutathione depletion is not a clinical treatment threshold; urgent assessment uses exposure history, timed concentrations and applicable treatment guidance.
8Enalapril is formulated as an ethyl ester prodrug rather than its active dicarboxylic acid form, enalaprilat, for which primary pharmacological reason?
A.To improve oral absorption by neutralizing a negative charge and increasing lipophilicity
B.To prevent rapid first-pass glucuronidation in the intestinal mucosa
C.To protect the molecule from degradation by gastric hydrochloric acid
D.To allow the drug to selectively accumulate in cardiac tissue
Explanation: The active metabolite enalaprilat possesses two free carboxylate groups and an amino group, making it a zwitterion with very poor lipophilicity and oral bioavailability (< 10%). Formulating it as the monoethyl ester prodrug enalapril masks one carboxyl group, significantly improving passive intestinal membrane permeation and boosting oral bioavailability to approximately 60%, after which hepatic carboxylesterases release enalaprilat.
9Aspirin is a weak organic acid with a pKa of 3.5. According to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, what is the approximate ratio of non-ionized to ionized drug in gastric juice at pH 1.5?
A.100 : 1
B.10 : 1
C.1 : 10
D.1 : 100
Explanation: For a weak acid: pH = pKa + log([Ionized] / [Non-ionized]). Substituting the values: 1.5 = 3.5 + log([A-] / [HA]), which gives log([A-] / [HA]) = -2.0. Therefore, [A-] / [HA] = 10^-2 = 1 / 100. Inverting this ratio to find non-ionized to ionized gives [HA] / [A-] = 100 / 1. Hence, 99% of aspirin exists in the lipid-soluble non-ionized form in the stomach.
10Opium alkaloids isolated from the dried latex of Papaver somniferum are categorized chemically into which two primary structural classes?
A.Phenanthrene and benzylisoquinoline derivatives
B.Indole and quinoline derivatives
C.Tropane and piperidine derivatives
D.Purine and imidazole derivatives
Explanation: The traditional chemical grouping distinguishes phenanthrene-type alkaloids, including morphine, codeine and thebaine, from isoquinoline-derived alkaloids such as papaverine and noscapine. Their clinical actions are not interchangeable: morphine is an opioid analgesic, papaverine a smooth-muscle relaxant and noscapine an antitussive. Thebaine is principally a synthetic precursor rather than a clinical analgesic.

About the Taiwan Pharmacist Licensing Examination Exam

Independent English-language MCQ study adaptation by OpenExamPrep for 專門職業及技術人員高等考試藥師考試分階段考試. MOEX administers the official CBT in Traditional Chinese. This bank is not an official translation, a full exam-format simulation, or a substitute for supervised dispensing and practical training.

Exam sponsor: Ministry of Examination (考選部 / MOEX). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Stage 1: 藥理學與藥物化學, 藥物分析與生藥學（包括中藥學）, and 藥劑學與生物藥劑學 (each 80 items, 90 minutes). Stage 2: 調劑學與臨床藥學 and 藥物治療學 (each 80 items, 90 minutes), plus 藥事行政與法規 (50 items, 60 minutes).

Time Limit

510 minutes across both stages: five 90-minute papers and one 60-minute law paper.

Passing Score

Average score of 60/100 for each stage independently, with no paper scoring zero.

Exam / Certification Fees

NTD 2,500 per stage for computerized testing under the fee schedule effective September 1, 2025.

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

12 study questions; part of Stage 1 Paper 2

Pharmaceutical Analysis (藥物分析)

UV assays, dilution, validation, chromatographic resolution and retention, water determination, titration, buffer and mass-to-charge calculations.

15 study questions; covers SAR, natural products, and herbal medicine

Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (藥物化學與生藥學)

Structure-activity relationships (SAR), functional group chemical reactivity, phase I/II hepatic biotransformation, secondary plant metabolites (alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids), and Chinese herbal medicine identification.

18 study questions; covers dosage design, dissolution, and pharmacokinetics

Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics (藥劑學與生物藥劑學)

Solid oral formulations, sterile parenteral compounding, stability kinetics, Noyes-Whitney dissolution, BCS classification, one- and two-compartment pharmacokinetics, volume of distribution, and bioequivalence criteria.

14 study questions; covers receptor mechanics and system pharmacology

Pharmacology and Pathophysiology (藥理學與病理生理學)

Autonomic nervous system pharmacology, cardiovascular and renal therapeutics, central nervous system neurotransmission, antimicrobial mechanisms and resistance, oncology chemotherapy, and adverse drug reactions.

21 study questions; covers prescription review, medication-safety monitoring, calculations and TDM

Dispensing and Clinical Pharmacy (調劑學與臨床藥學)

Prescription accuracy verification, milliequivalent and osmolarity calculations, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) compounding rules, IV admixture incompatibilities, aseptic compounding, and therapeutic drug monitoring (vancomycin, aminoglycosides, phenytoin).

22 study questions; covers disease management, toxicity management and clinical regimens

Pharmacotherapy (藥物治療學)

Clinical guidelines for hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure (GDMT), COPD/asthma step therapy, hospital- and community-acquired infections, acute and chronic kidney disease, and anticoagulation management.

10 study questions; covers statutory regulation and dispensing ethics

Pharmacy Law and Ethics (藥事法規與倫理)

Pharmaceutical Affairs Act (藥事法), Controlled Drugs Act (管制藥品管理條例), Medical Devices Act (醫療器材管理法), Good Dispensing Practice (優良藥品調劑作業規範), pharmacist licensing duties, and medical ethics.

Preparing for the Taiwan Pharmacist Licensing Examination Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Average score of 60/100 for each stage independently, with no paper scoring zero.
  • Assessment: Stage 1: 藥理學與藥物化學, 藥物分析與生藥學（包括中藥學）, and 藥劑學與生物藥劑學 (each 80 items, 90 minutes). Stage 2: 調劑學與臨床藥學 and 藥物治療學 (each 80 items, 90 minutes), plus 藥事行政與法規 (50 items, 60 minutes).
  • Time limit: 510 minutes across both stages: five 90-minute papers and one 60-minute law paper.
  • Exam / certification fees: NTD 2,500 per stage for computerized testing under the fee schedule effective September 1, 2025. Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 112 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Taiwan Pharmacist Licensing Examination: Suggested Study Strategy

1Master pharmacokinetic calculations including steady-state concentration, clearance, elimination half-life, volume of distribution, and loading dose adjustments in renal impairment.
2Review high-yield structure-activity relationships (SAR) for major drug classes, particularly beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, ACE inhibitors, and statins, noting how specific functional groups influence potency and metabolism.
3Focus heavily on guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus, including recent indications and renal contraindications for SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists.
4Thoroughly memorize Taiwan's Controlled Drugs Act schedules (Schedules 1 through 4), prescription validity periods, and strict recording and storage requirements under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the format and structure of the Taiwan Pharmacist Licensing Examination?

MOEX administers two stages of written CBT. Stage 1 covers pharmacology/medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical analysis/pharmacognosy (including Chinese materia medica), and pharmaceutics/biopharmaceutics, each with 80 items in 90 minutes. Stage 2 covers dispensing/clinical pharmacy and pharmacotherapy, each with 80 items in 90 minutes, plus pharmaceutical administration/law with 50 items in 60 minutes. There is no separate oral examination or submitted assignment in these written stages; required practical internships remain separate eligibility requirements.

What are the eligibility requirements to take Stage 1 and Stage 2?

The regulations' eligibility appendix specifies qualifying coursework and degree routes. Stage 2 requires passing Stage 1, a recognized pharmacy degree and satisfactory prescribed practical training, including hospital and community pharmacy internships where applicable. Foreign qualifications require recognition and the applicable additional conditions.

How is the passing standard determined under MOEX rules?

Article 9 requires an arithmetic mean of at least 60/100 in each stage with no zero-scoring paper. Under Article 6, Stage 2 must be passed within six years after passing Stage 1; otherwise Stage 1 must be taken again.

What language is used for the official CBT examination?

The official examination is conducted in Traditional Chinese with standard pharmaceutical and medical terminology, frequently citing standard English drug international nonproprietary names (INN) and scientific nomenclature. This OpenExamPrep study resource provides an independent English-language adaptation to help candidates master core pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetic equations, clinical regimens, and legal principles tested on the exam.