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Sample BAC 2 Série D Togo Practice Questions
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1A cell makes a protein using information copied from a nuclear gene. Which RNA carries that coding message to the ribosome?
A.Transfer RNA
B.Messenger RNA
C.Ribosomal RNA
D.A ribosomal protein
Explanation: Messenger RNA carries the transcribed coding information used during translation. Transfer RNA supplies amino acids, while ribosomal RNA forms part of the machinery that reads the message.
2A short DNA coding strand is written 5′-GCT AAC TTT-3′. Which RNA sequence has the corresponding coding sequence in the same orientation?
A.5′-CGA UUG AAA-3′
B.5′-GCT AAC TTT-3′
C.5′-UUU CAA UCG-3′
D.5′-GCU AAC UUU-3′
Explanation: The RNA coding sequence matches the DNA coding strand when both are written 5′ to 3′, with U replacing T. The template strand is the complementary strand, so the coding strand should not be complemented again.
3Assume complete dominance at two independently assorting loci. In AaBb × aabb, what proportion of offspring is expected to have both dominant phenotypes?
A.1/4
B.9/16
C.1/2
D.3/4
Explanation: The AaBb parent makes AB, Ab, aB and ab gametes in equal expected proportions. Only AB combined with the tester's ab gives both dominant phenotypes, so the probability is 1/4.
4For a hypothetical autosomal recessive condition, two unaffected carriers have genotype Aa. Assuming independent births, what is the probability that their next two children are both unaffected?
A.1/16
B.1/2
C.9/16
D.3/4
Explanation: An Aa × Aa cross gives AA, Aa and aa with probabilities 1/4, 1/2 and 1/4. Each child has probability 3/4 of being unaffected, so two independent unaffected births have probability (3/4)² = 9/16.
5In the usual human ovarian cycle, which pituitary hormone surge most directly triggers ovulation?
A.Prolactin
B.Luteinizing hormone
C.Oxytocin
D.Growth hormone
Explanation: The mid-cycle surge of luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation. It also supports formation of the corpus luteum from the remaining follicular tissue.
6After activation, a B lymphocyte differentiates into a cell that releases large quantities of a specific antibody. What is this effector cell called?
A.A cytotoxic T cell
B.A macrophage
C.A memory T cell
D.A plasma cell
Explanation: Plasma cells are differentiated B cells specialized for antibody secretion. Their secreted antibodies contribute to humoral immunity.
7During the rapid rising phase of a typical neuronal action potential, which ionic movement is chiefly responsible for depolarization?
A.Na⁺ entering through voltage-gated channels
B.K⁺ leaving through voltage-gated channels
C.Na⁺ leaving through the sodium-potassium pump
D.Cl⁻ entering through inhibitory channels
Explanation: Opening voltage-gated sodium channels allows inward Na⁺ current and rapidly makes the cell interior less negative. The later outward K⁺ current helps repolarize the membrane.
8In a controlled physiology demonstration, blood glucose rises after a meal, insulin secretion increases, and glucose then returns toward its earlier level. Which regulatory pattern does this illustrate?
A.Positive feedback amplifying the original rise
B.Loss of every endocrine response
C.Negative feedback opposing the original change
D.A response unrelated to the measured variable
Explanation: Insulin helps lower elevated blood glucose, opposing the initial increase. A response that counteracts a deviation is a negative feedback mechanism.
9For x > 0, simplify ln(3x) − ln(x).
A.ln(3)
B.ln(2x)
C.3
D.ln(3)/ln(x)
Explanation: A difference of logarithms is the logarithm of a quotient. Since 3x/x = 3 for x > 0, the expression equals ln(3).
10A model population is P(t) = 120e^(0.2t). What is its instantaneous rate of increase at t = 0?
A.120
B.600
C.0.2
D.24
Explanation: Differentiate using the chain rule: P'(t) = 120 × 0.2e^(0.2t) = 24e^(0.2t). Since e⁰ = 1, P'(0) = 24 population units per time unit.
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