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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: SAR-66 Module 13 Exam

180 Q / 225 min

Module 13 Official Exam Format

CAAS AC 66-13 (Rev 1)

75%

Passing Mark

SAR-66 Appendix 2

S$87.20

Exam Fee (from 1 Jan 2026)

ANO Twelfth Schedule para 11

Cat B2

Avionics Licence Category

SAR-66

CAAS SAR-66 Module 13 tests aerodynamics, structures, and avionic/electrical systems for Category B2 certifying staff. The official CAAS paper has 180 MCQs in 225 minutes (Part 1 92 Q / 115 min + Part 2 88 Q / 110 min) with a 75% passing mark. Key topics include autopilot flight director control loops, autothrottle, fly-by-wire computers, VHF/HF/SATCOM communications, ILS/VOR/DME/TCAS/EGPWS navigation, AC/DC generation and distribution, EFIS displays, ARINC 429 and AFDX networks, IMA architectures, and avionic controls for utility systems. Examination fee is S$87.20 under the ANO Twelfth Schedule from 1 January 2026.

Sample SAR-66 Module 13 Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your SAR-66 Module 13 exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1What standard AC voltage, frequency, and phase configuration is used for primary electrical power generation on modern transport category commercial aircraft?

A.115/200 V AC, 400 Hz, 3-phase

B.230 V AC, 50 Hz, single-phase

C.28 V AC, 60 Hz, 2-phase

D.400 V AC, 1000 Hz, 3-phase

Explanation: Primary aircraft AC generators produce 115 V AC phase-to-neutral (200 V AC phase-to-phase), 400 Hz, 3-phase power. Using 400 Hz instead of 50/60 Hz drastically reduces the size and weight of transformers, motors, and generators.

2In an ARINC 429 digital data word, how many total bits comprise a standard data transmission frame?

A.32 bits

B.16 bits

C.64 bits

D.128 bits

Explanation: An ARINC 429 word consists of exactly 32 bits transmitted serially. Bits 1-8 contain the Label, bits 9-10 are SDI, bits 11-29 contain the Data field, bits 30-31 are SSM (Sign/Status Matrix), and bit 32 is the Parity bit.

3What frequency band is assigned for VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) ground navigation stations?

A.108.00 MHz to 117.95 MHz

B.118.00 MHz to 136.975 MHz

C.329.15 MHz to 335.00 MHz

D.962 MHz to 1213 MHz

Explanation: VOR operates in the VHF band between 108.00 MHz and 117.95 MHz (with ILS localizers occupying specific odd-tenth channels between 108.10 and 111.95 MHz).

4What component converts main AC electrical power to 28 V DC power to supply DC buses and charge aircraft batteries?

A.Transformer Rectifier Unit (TRU)

B.Static Inverter

C.Integrated Drive Generator (IDG)

D.Generator Control Unit (GCU)

Explanation: A Transformer Rectifier Unit (TRU) steps down 115 V AC power using a transformer and rectifies it using solid-state diodes to output unregulated/regulated 28 V DC power for aircraft DC loads and battery charging.

5In a Fly-By-Wire (FBW) flight control system, what is the function of flight control computers (e.g., PRIM / SEC or FCCs)?

A.To process pilot sidestick/yoke inputs and sensor feedback, calculate flight control surface deflections according to control laws, and command hydraulic servo actuators

B.To directly regulate engine fuel flow during takeoff

C.To control cabin air conditioning temperature

D.To encode transponder Mode S replies

Explanation: FBW flight control computers eliminate mechanical control cables. They read pilot inputs (sidestick, pedals) and aircraft sensor data (pitch, roll, yaw rates, accelerations, angle of attack, airspeed), process control laws (Normal, Alternate, Direct Law), and send electrical signals to hydraulic actuators.

6What sensor measures Total Air Temperature (TAT) on commercial transport aircraft for Air Data Computer (ADC) processing?

A.Heated TAT probe extending into free airstream incorporating a stagnation chamber

B.Unheated static port recessed in the fuselage skin

C.Cabin temperature thermistor

D.Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) thermocouple

Explanation: TAT probes extend into the external airflow. Air entering the probe is decelerated adiabatically to near-zero velocity inside a stagnation chamber, bringing it to total stagnation temperature. The ADC uses TAT and Mach number to compute Static Air Temperature (SAT) and True Airspeed (TAS).

7What is the primary operational difference between a fail-passive and a fail-operational autoland system during Category III precision instrument approaches?

A.Upon a single failure below decision height, a fail-passive system disengages without causing out-of-trim transients (requiring pilot takeover), whereas a fail-operational system continues automatic landing

B.Fail-passive systems operate with no autopilot engaged

C.Fail-operational systems shut down both engines on touchdown

D.Fail-passive systems are used only in visual flight rules (VFR) conditions

Explanation: Fail-passive autoland (dual channel) ensures that a single channel failure disengages the autopilot passively without out-of-trim maneuvers (pilot must see and land or go-around). Fail-operational autoland (triple channel / fail-operational hybrid) tolerates a single failure and continues automatic flare and landing safely.

8What radio navigation system operates in the UHF frequency band between 329.15 MHz and 335.00 MHz to provide vertical guidance during an ILS approach?

A.ILS Glide Slope (GS) receiver

B.ILS Localizer (LOC) receiver

C.Marker Beacon receiver

D.Automatic Direction Finder (ADF)

Explanation: The ILS Glide Slope operates in the UHF band (329.15 to 335.00 MHz across 40 paired channels). It compares 90 Hz (upper lobe) and 150 Hz (lower lobe) amplitude modulation to guide the aircraft along a 3-degree glide path to the runway.

9In AFDX (Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet / ARINC 664 Part 7), what is a Virtual Link (VL)?

A.A unidirectional logical connection from a single transmitting end-system to a fixed set of receiving end-systems with guaranteed bandwidth and maximum latency limits

B.A mechanical cable connecting pilot pedals to rudder

C.A wireless Bluetooth link between cockpit tablets

D.A high-voltage AC bus bar

Explanation: AFDX replaces point-to-point ARINC 429 wiring with switched Ethernet. A Virtual Link (VL) is a logical routing concept (analogous to an ARINC 429 bus) defining a dedicated unidirectional path from one transmitter to one or more receivers with deterministic Bandwidth Allocation Gap (BAG) and latency controls.

10What parameter is displayed on an Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) Primary Flight Display (PFD) speed tape as $V_{MO} / M_{MO}$?

A.Maximum Operating Limit Speed / Mach number (barber pole line)

B.Stall speed in landing configuration

C.Best angle of climb speed

D.Ground speed calculated from GPS

Explanation: The red-and-white striped 'barber pole' on the PFD speed tape indicates $V_{MO}$ (Maximum Operating Limit Speed in IAS/KCAS) at lower altitudes and $M_{MO}$ (Maximum Operating Mach Number) at higher altitudes, representing structural and aerodynamic limit speeds.

About the SAR-66 Module 13 Exam

CAAS SAR-66 Module 13 (Aircraft Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems) is the comprehensive basic knowledge examination for Singapore Aircraft Maintenance Licence Category B2 (Avionics) candidates. Per CAAS AC 66-13 (Rev 1), the official exam comprises 180 multiple-choice questions administered over 225 minutes in two parts (Part 1: 92 questions in 115 minutes; Part 2: 88 questions in 110 minutes) with a 75% pass mark. The syllabus covers theory of flight, airframe structures, autoflight, communication and navigation systems, electrical power, electronic flight instrument systems (EFIS), integrated modular avionics (IMA), central maintenance computers, and utility system electrical/avionic controls.

Questions

180 scored questions

Time Limit

225 minutes

Passing Score

75%

Exam Fee

S$87.20 per basic knowledge examination paper (Air Navigation Order Twelfth Schedule from 1 Jan 2026) (Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS))

SAR-66 Module 13 Exam Content Outline

10%

Theory of Flight & Aerodynamics

Aeroplane and helicopter flight principles, high-lift devices, flight control surfaces, drag, stability, and aerodynamic forces from a B2 certifier perspective

20%

Autoflight & Flight Guidance Systems

Autopilot control loops, flight director, autothrottle, fly-by-wire computer architectures, servo actuators, modes of operation, and fail-passive/fail-operational logic

20%

Communication & Navigation Systems

VHF/HF communications, SATCOM, ILS, VOR, DME, ADF, GNSS, weather radar, radio altimeter, TCAS, EGPWS/TAWS, and FMS navigation

20%

Electrical Power & Instrument Systems

AC/DC power generation and distribution, TRUs, batteries, emergency power, EFIS display architecture, air data computers, and engine indication (ECAM/EICAS)

15%

Integrated Modular Avionics & Aircraft Networks

IMA core processing units, AFDX/ARINC 664 networks, ARINC 429 databusses, cabin management systems, information systems, and central maintenance computers (CMC/OMS)

15%

Airframe Structures & Utility System Controls

Airframe structural concepts, environmental control systems, pressurisation controllers, fire detection/extinguishing controls, fuel indication/gauging, and hydraulic control circuits

How to Pass the SAR-66 Module 13 Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: 75%
Exam length: 180 questions
Time limit: 225 minutes
Exam fee: S$87.20 per basic knowledge examination paper (Air Navigation Order Twelfth Schedule from 1 Jan 2026)

Keys to Passing

Complete 500+ practice questions
Score 80%+ consistently before scheduling
Focus on highest-weighted sections
Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

SAR-66 Module 13 Study Tips from Top Performers

1Focus on autoflight control loops, fail-operational vs fail-passive autopilot architectures, and fly-by-wire flight control computers.

2Understand radio navigation principles: ILS localizer/glidepath frequencies and audio tones, VOR phase comparison, TCAS interrogations/RA/TA logic, and EGPWS mode warnings.

3Study digital avionics networks: ARINC 429 label structures and parity bits, ARINC 664 / AFDX virtual channels and end systems, and IMA core processing modules.

4Review AC and DC power generation systems: generator control unit (GCU) functions, bus tie breakers (BTB), transformer rectifier units (TRUs), and battery charger controls.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CAAS SAR-66 Module 13?

Module 13 is the CAAS basic knowledge examination paper covering Aircraft Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems required for Singapore SAR-66 Category B2 (Avionics) Aircraft Maintenance Licences.

What is the official format and duration of the Module 13 exam?

Per CAAS AC 66-13 (Rev 1), the official Module 13 examination consists of 180 multiple-choice questions with a total time of 225 minutes, split into Part 1 (92 questions, 115 minutes) and Part 2 (88 questions, 110 minutes). The passing score is 75%.

How is Module 13 different from Module 11 and Module 12?

Module 11 is for B1.1/B1.2 turbine/piston aeroplanes and Module 12 is for B1.3/B1.4 helicopters (mechanical/structural certifiers). Module 13 is specifically tailored for Category B2 avionics certifiers, focusing deeply on autoflight, communication/navigation, electrical generation, digital instrument displays, and integrated modular avionics.

What is the exam fee for Module 13 in Singapore?

The examination fee is S$87.20 per basic knowledge examination paper under paragraph 11 of the Air Navigation Order Twelfth Schedule (effective 1 January 2026; previously S$80).