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An ABR designee shows a buyer client a property and discovers the seller has cancer that may affect the timing of closing. What is the agent's duty regarding this confidential information?

Disclose the seller's illness to the buyer to help negotiate a lower price

Keep the information confidential because the seller is the agent's client

Maintain the seller's confidentiality because confidentiality is owed to all parties under common law

Confidentiality is owed only to the agent's own client, the buyer; the seller's medical information is not material to the property and is not the buyer's agent's duty to disclose

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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: ABR Exam

40,000+

Active ABR Designees

REBAC

70%

Passing Score

REBAC

$295

ABR Course Fee

REBAC

Buyer-Side Transactions Required

REBAC (within prior 3 years)

Aug 17, 2024

NAR Settlement Effective Date

Sitzer/Burnett

2 days

ABR Course Length

REBAC (in-person or live online)

The ABR designation is NAR's largest, held by approximately 40,000 REALTORS. Earning it requires the 2-day REBAC ABR Designation Course (in-person or live online) at about $295, passing the course final exam at 70%, and documenting 5 buyer-side closed transactions within the prior 3 years. The 2024 NAR Sitzer/Burnett settlement (effective August 17, 2024) added new compliance rules: written buyer-broker agreements before MLS-touring and no buyer-broker compensation offers in the MLS. ABR designees pay annual REBAC membership dues to retain the credential.

Sample ABR Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your ABR exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1An ABR designee shows a buyer client a property and discovers the seller has cancer that may affect the timing of closing. What is the agent's duty regarding this confidential information?

A.Disclose the seller's illness to the buyer to help negotiate a lower price

B.Keep the information confidential because the seller is the agent's client

C.Maintain the seller's confidentiality because confidentiality is owed to all parties under common law

D.Confidentiality is owed only to the agent's own client, the buyer; the seller's medical information is not material to the property and is not the buyer's agent's duty to disclose

Explanation: Under the OLDCAR fiduciary duties, confidentiality runs to one's own client. Here the agent represents the buyer, not the seller. The seller's medical condition is personal information, not a material fact about the property's condition, so the buyer's agent is not obligated to disclose it. Material facts about the property (defects, hazards, encumbrances) must be disclosed; personal information about the seller need not be.

2Which acronym is commonly used to memorize the six common-law fiduciary duties an agent owes the client?

A.COALD

B.OLDCAR

C.FIDUCIARY

D.REALTOR

Explanation: OLDCAR stands for Obedience, Loyalty, Disclosure, Confidentiality, Accountability, and Reasonable care. These are the six classic common-law fiduciary duties an agent owes a client. (Some texts use COALD: Care, Obedience, Accounting, Loyalty, Disclosure — the same concepts in a different order.) ABR materials emphasize OLDCAR.

3A buyer's agent receives an MLS listing where the seller's broker offers cooperating compensation. Under the NAR settlement effective August 17, 2024, what is now prohibited?

A.Buyer agents accepting any compensation from a seller

B.Listing brokers offering buyer-broker compensation through the MLS

C.Sellers paying any concessions to buyers

D.Buyer agents charging buyers a flat fee

Explanation: Under the NAR Sitzer/Burnett settlement, effective August 17, 2024, MLSs that participate in the settlement may no longer publish offers of compensation to buyer brokers. Compensation can still be negotiated, but it must be negotiated off-MLS — typically through seller concessions in the offer or directly between the buyer and the buyer's broker. Buyer-broker compensation agreements with the buyer are also now required before MLS-touring.

4Effective August 17, 2024, before showing a home listed on the MLS, a buyer's agent who is an MLS participant must:

A.Get verbal authorization from the buyer

B.Enter a written buyer-broker agreement with the buyer specifying compensation

C.File a notice with the local MLS

D.Provide the buyer with a state agency disclosure only

Explanation: The NAR settlement requires MLS-participating agents to have a written buyer-broker agreement (sometimes called a buyer representation or compensation agreement) signed by the buyer before MLS-touring. The agreement must specify the amount or rate of compensation in a clear, conspicuous, and objectively ascertainable way. Verbal agreements no longer satisfy the rule for MLS participants.

5Which type of agency relationship occurs when a single broker represents both the buyer and the seller in the same transaction with informed consent of both?

A.Single agency

B.Designated agency

C.Dual agency

D.Subagency

Explanation: Dual agency exists when one broker (or one licensee) represents both buyer and seller in the same transaction. It is permitted in most states only with informed written consent from both parties. In dual agency, the agent cannot fully advocate for either side and the duties of full disclosure and undivided loyalty are necessarily limited.

6In designated agency, two agents within the same brokerage represent the buyer and seller separately. The broker's role is best described as:

A.Representing the buyer with full fiduciary duties

B.Representing the seller with full fiduciary duties

C.Acting as a dual agent over the transaction while the designated agents owe full duties to their respective clients

D.Withdrawing from the transaction entirely

Explanation: Designated agency (sometimes called appointed agency) lets two licensees in the same brokerage represent opposing parties with full fiduciary duties to their own clients. The broker who oversees both agents acts in a dual-agency capacity at the firm level and is barred from sharing confidential information between the two designated agents.

7An exclusive buyer agency agreement gives the buyer's agent the right to compensation:

A.Only if the agent personally locates the property the buyer purchases

B.If the buyer purchases ANY property within the agreement's scope and term, regardless of who introduced it

C.Only if the property is listed on the MLS

D.Only if the seller agrees to pay the buyer's agent

Explanation: Under an exclusive buyer agency agreement, the buyer agrees to work only with that agent during the term and within the geographic and property-type scope. If the buyer buys any qualifying property — even one they found themselves or was introduced by a friend — the agent has earned the agreed compensation. Non-exclusive agreements protect only specific properties shown.

8A buyer signs a non-exclusive buyer representation agreement. Two weeks later, the buyer attends an open house alone, signs a contract directly with the listing agent, and closes. The original buyer's agent:

A.Is owed full compensation because the buyer was under contract with them

B.Is owed compensation only if they had introduced that specific property to the buyer

C.Has no right to compensation under any circumstances

D.Must sue the listing agent for procuring cause

Explanation: A non-exclusive (or open) buyer-broker agreement only protects properties the agent introduced or showed to the buyer. The buyer is free to work with multiple agents and the broker who is the procuring cause of a particular sale earns compensation on that property. If the buyer's agent never showed that property, they have no procuring-cause claim.

9Procuring cause refers to:

A.The legal cause of a contract dispute

B.The uninterrupted series of events that resulted in the buyer purchasing the property

C.The brokerage that listed the property

D.The state agency disclosure requirement

Explanation: Procuring cause is the unbroken chain of events that started with an agent's actions and ended with the buyer purchasing the property. It is decided case-by-case based on factors like who first introduced the property, the level of involvement, time gaps, and whether the buyer abandoned that agent. NAR's procuring-cause arbitration is governed by Article 17 of the Code of Ethics.

10A buyer's agent learns that a seller will accept $450,000 even though the listing price is $475,000. The agent's duty of LOYALTY to the buyer requires the agent to:

A.Keep the information confidential to protect the seller

B.Share that information with the buyer so the buyer can negotiate effectively

C.Confirm the information with the listing broker before sharing

D.Only share if the buyer specifically asks

Explanation: Loyalty (the L in OLDCAR) means putting the client's interests above all others, including the agent's own. Information about the seller's bottom line, motivation, or willingness to drop price is exactly the kind of information a buyer's agent must share with the buyer. Withholding it to protect the seller would breach loyalty.

About the ABR Exam

The ABR (Accredited Buyer's Representative) is NAR's largest designation, held by 40,000+ REALTORS and administered by the Real Estate Buyer's Agent Council (REBAC). It demonstrates expertise in buyer agency law, fiduciary duties, buyer consultation, financing, negotiation, and post-Sitzer/Burnett buyer-broker compensation compliance.

Questions

100 scored questions

Time Limit

2 hours

Passing Score

70%

Exam Fee

$295 + REBAC membership (NAR / Real Estate Buyer's Agent Council (REBAC))

ABR Exam Content Outline

25%

Buyer Agency Relationship & Fiduciary Duties

Buyer vs single vs dual vs designated agency, OLDCAR fiduciary duties (Obedience, Loyalty, Disclosure, Confidentiality, Accountability, Reasonable care), buyer representation agreements (exclusive, non-exclusive, term, fee structures), procuring cause, and agency disclosure

15%

Buyer Consultation & Property Search

Initial buyer consultation, needs and wants analysis, qualifying buyers, neighborhood evaluation, MLS search strategies, showing process, and managing buyer expectations

15%

Working with Buyers in Different Situations

First-time homebuyers, real estate investors, military and VA buyers, relocating buyers, divorcing or estate buyers, and serving diverse buyer populations

15%

Negotiation & Offer Strategy

Drafting offers, counteroffers, multiple-offer strategies, contingencies (financing, inspection, appraisal), seller concessions, escalation clauses, and post-Sitzer compensation negotiation

10%

Financing Options

Conventional, FHA (3.5% min DP, MIP), VA (0% DP, funding fee, no PMI), and USDA Rural Development (0% DP, income limits, eligible areas) loans; conforming loan limits; DTI 28/36 vs 43; FICO tiers; ARM index + margin

10%

Inspections, Appraisals & Closing

Home inspections, appraisal contingencies, low-appraisal scenarios (renegotiate, gap funds, walk), title insurance (owner's vs lender's), recording statutes (race, notice, race-notice), RESPA/TILA disclosures, Loan Estimate, Closing Disclosure

10%

Code of Ethics & Risk Management

NAR Code of Ethics Article 1 (fiduciary duty to client), fair housing, antitrust (price fixing, market allocation), RESPA Section 8 kickback prohibition, and Sitzer/Burnett settlement compliance

How to Pass the ABR Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: 70%
Exam length: 100 questions
Time limit: 2 hours
Exam fee: $295 + REBAC membership

Keys to Passing

Complete 500+ practice questions
Score 80%+ consistently before scheduling
Focus on highest-weighted sections
Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

ABR Study Tips from Top Performers

1Memorize OLDCAR fiduciary duties (Obedience, Loyalty, Disclosure, Confidentiality, Accountability, Reasonable care) — most exam scenarios test which duty is at stake

2Know post-Sitzer rules cold: written buyer-broker agreement BEFORE MLS-touring, no compensation offers in the MLS, seller concessions still allowed in the contract

3Drill the financing matrix: conventional vs FHA (3.5% DP, MIP) vs VA (0% DP, funding fee, no PMI) vs USDA (0% DP, income limits, eligible rural areas)

4Practice low-appraisal scenarios — renegotiate price, buyer brings gap funds, dispute the appraisal, or invoke the appraisal contingency to walk

5Review NAR Code of Ethics Article 1 (fiduciary to client, honest treatment to all parties) and RESPA Section 8 (no kickbacks for settlement service referrals)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the ABR designation?

ABR (Accredited Buyer's Representative) is NAR's largest designation, with more than 40,000 active holders. Administered by the Real Estate Buyer's Agent Council (REBAC), it is awarded to REALTORS who complete the 2-day ABR Designation Course, pass the final exam, and document 5 buyer-side closed transactions. ABR signals expertise in buyer agency, fiduciary duties, financing, and negotiation.

What are the requirements for the ABR designation?

To earn ABR you must: 1) be an active REALTOR member in good standing, 2) complete the 2-day ABR Designation Course (in-person or live online) and pass the final exam at 70% or higher, 3) document 5 buyer-side closed transactions within the prior 3 years, 4) pay REBAC membership dues, and 5) maintain annual REBAC dues to retain the designation.

How did the NAR Sitzer/Burnett settlement change buyer agent practice?

The NAR settlement, finalized March 2024 and effective August 17, 2024, requires MLS-participating buyer agents to enter a written buyer-broker compensation agreement with a buyer BEFORE touring a home, and prohibits offers of buyer-broker compensation through the MLS. Buyers can still negotiate seller concessions in the offer, including amounts that cover buyer-broker compensation, but those terms are negotiated outside the MLS. ABR coursework was updated to teach this workflow.

What is the ABR exam format?

The ABR program ends with a course final exam of approximately 100 questions covering buyer agency law, fiduciary duties, consultation, financing, negotiation, inspections, and ethics. You have about 2 hours and need 70% to pass. Questions are scenario-based and emphasize practical application of buyer-side fiduciary duties under post-Sitzer rules.

How long does it take to earn the ABR designation?

Most candidates earn ABR within 2-4 months. The course is 2 days (about 16 instructional hours). The longer step is documenting 5 buyer-side closed transactions, which experienced agents may already have. Newer agents can complete the course first and submit transactions as they close them, since the 5 transactions only need to fall within the 3 years prior to applying for the designation.

Is ABR worth it for buyer-side agents?

ABR is widely considered the most valuable designation specifically for buyer agents. After the 2024 NAR settlement, written buyer-broker agreements are mandatory for MLS-touring agents, and ABR coursework is one of the few formal trainings that walks agents through the new compliance workflow. The credential also signals fiduciary competence to buyers who are now reviewing and signing compensation agreements upfront.