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Exam Review

Key Facts: LC Business Exam

1 paper

Leaving Certificate Business is assessed by one terminal written paper under the established 2026 syllabus

State Examinations Commission

3 hours

Higher Level written paper lasts 3 hours

State Examinations Commission examination papers

400 marks

Higher Level paper is marked out of 400 marks

State Examinations Commission examination papers

7 units

The established syllabus has seven units from People in Business to International Environment

NCCA Leaving Certificate Business syllabus

ABQ 80 marks

The compulsory Applied Business Question is worth 80 marks (20%) at Higher Level

State Examinations Commission examination papers

H1-H8

Higher Level grades range from H1 (90-100%) to H8 (below 30%)

State Examinations Commission grading scale

2027 AAC

Redeveloped Business with Additional Assessment Component first examines later cohorts from 2027

NCCA Curriculum Online / curriculum specification

100

Free original single-best-answer practice questions here

OpenExamPrep

Leaving Certificate Business is the Irish senior-cycle business subject set by the State Examinations Commission. For 2026 it remains a single 3-hour written paper (400 marks at Higher Level) under the established seven-unit syllabus: short questions, a compulsory Applied Business Question and four long questions. Content spans people in business and Irish commercial law, enterprise, management skills and activities, marketing and numerical business tools, plus the domestic and international environment. The redeveloped specification with coursework-style assessment starts for later examination years (from 2027). This 100-question bank provides original single-best-answer concept practice across all seven units.

Sample LC Business Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the LC Business exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1In Irish contract law as taught at Leaving Certificate, which element is essential for a simple contract to be legally binding?
A.An official company seal on every page
B.A minimum contract value of €500
C.Registration of the contract with the Companies Registration Office
D.Offer, acceptance, consideration and intention to create legal relations
Explanation: A simple contract requires offer, acceptance, consideration and intention to create legal relations (plus capacity of the parties). A seal is not required for simple contracts, and there is no general €500 threshold or CRO registration for ordinary contracts.
2What does 'consideration' mean in a contract?
A.The careful thought a manager gives before signing
B.The written schedule attached to a formal deed
C.Something of value exchanged by each party (for example money, goods or a promise)
D.A cooling-off period granted by the Consumer Rights Act 2022
Explanation: Consideration is the bargained-for exchange of value (money, goods, services or a promise) that each party provides. Without consideration (except in limited formal deeds), a simple contract is generally not binding.
3Which remedy for breach of contract requires the defaulting party to perform the exact obligation agreed?
A.Damages only
B.Specific performance
C.Rescission only
D.Quantum meruit only
Explanation: Specific performance is an equitable remedy ordering the party in breach to carry out the contractual promise (used when damages are inadequate, e.g. unique property). Damages compensate with money; rescission cancels the contract; quantum meruit is payment for work done.
4Under the Consumer Rights Act 2022, goods supplied to a consumer must generally be:
A.Of satisfactory quality, fit for purpose and as described
B.The cheapest available on the Irish market
C.Manufactured in the European Union
D.Covered by a 10-year free repair guarantee from the retailer
Explanation: Core statutory rights under the Consumer Rights Act 2022 include that goods must be of satisfactory quality, fit for a particular purpose made known to the trader, and match their description (and other related conformity requirements). There is no general requirement that goods be the cheapest, EU-made, or carry a mandatory 10-year free repair.
5A consumer buys a faulty laptop online and the trader refuses any remedy. Which body primarily deals with individual consumer disputes of this type in Ireland?
A.Enterprise Ireland
B.The Central Bank of Ireland only
C.The Industrial Development Agency (IDA Ireland)
D.The Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (CCPC) for enforcement/advice, with the Small Claims procedure available for many money claims
Explanation: Consumers can seek information and enforcement support via the CCPC and may use the District Court Small Claims procedure for many consumer money claims within the limit. Enterprise Ireland and IDA support enterprise/FDI; the Central Bank regulates financial services, not general retail goods disputes.
6Which statement best describes a cooperative relationship between stakeholders in business?
A.Each party seeks only to maximise short-term gain at the other's expense
B.Managers ignore employee concerns to protect shareholders exclusively
C.Parties work together so that mutual benefits can be achieved over time
D.Suppliers never share information with customers
Explanation: A cooperative relationship is one in which stakeholders collaborate so both sides gain (e.g. fair treatment of employees, reliable supply partnerships). Competitive or adversarial approaches maximise one side's short-term gain and often damage trust.
7In Irish industrial relations, conciliation typically means:
A.A binding court order issued by the High Court
B.A third party helps disputing parties reach their own agreement without imposing a decision
C.Automatic dismissal of all claims after 30 days
D.Replacement of the entire workforce under emergency legislation
Explanation: Conciliation is a voluntary process in which a neutral third party facilitates negotiation so the parties themselves settle. Arbitration imposes a decision; a High Court order is litigation, not conciliation.
8Which feature correctly describes the Small Claims procedure in Ireland?
A.It is designed for relatively low-value civil claims with a simplified, lower-cost process
B.It only applies to claims over €1 million
C.It is only available to limited companies, never consumers
D.It always requires a full High Court hearing with a jury
Explanation: The Small Claims procedure is a simplified District Court process for many lower-value civil claims (including many consumer disputes), aiming to reduce cost and formality. It is not limited to million-euro cases or companies only, and it is not a High Court jury trial.
9An employee refuses to join a strike called by their union. Which term best describes a worker who continues working during a strike?
A.An entrepreneur
B.An official receiver
C.A liquidator
D.A non-striking worker (sometimes called a 'blackleg' or strike-breaker in older language)
Explanation: A worker who continues working during a strike is a non-striking worker (historically called a blackleg/strike-breaker). Entrepreneurs start businesses; receivers and liquidators deal with insolvency.
10Which of the following is a primary function of a trade union?
A.To set national VAT rates
B.To issue banking licences
C.To represent members in collective bargaining over pay and conditions
D.To appoint judges to the Commercial Court
Explanation: Trade unions represent members, negotiate collectively on pay and conditions, and support members in disputes. VAT rates, banking licences and judicial appointments are state functions, not union roles.

About the LC Business Exam

Leaving Certificate Business is an Irish State examination subject administered by the State Examinations Commission and studied over the two-year senior cycle. The established syllabus (still examined in June 2026) has seven units: People in Business; Enterprise; Managing 1 (management skills); Managing 2 (management activities); Business in Action; Domestic Environment; and International Environment. Assessment is by a single terminal written paper (Higher or Ordinary level). At Higher Level the paper is 3 hours and 400 marks, with short questions, a compulsory Applied Business Question (ABQ) worth 80 marks, and four long questions. Topics include Irish contract and consumer law concepts, industrial relations, entrepreneurship, leadership and motivation, HRM, insurance and basic tax, marketing, break-even and ratios, business structures, government agencies such as IDA Ireland and Enterprise Ireland, ethics and CSR, the EU Single Market, multinationals and trade barriers. A redeveloped Business specification was introduced for fifth-year students from September 2025 and will be examined from 2027 with an Additional Assessment Component alongside a written paper; 2026 candidates remain on the written-only established syllabus. Results use the H1-H8 / O1-O8 grade scales for CAO points.

Exam sponsor: State Examinations Commission (SEC), Ireland. The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

One terminal written paper at Higher or Ordinary level under the established syllabus (examined to June 2026). Higher Level: Section 1 short questions (answer a specified number from the set provided), Section 2 compulsory Applied Business Question (80 marks, based on a rotating trio of units), Section 3 long questions (answer four from seven: at least one from Part 1 and two from Part 2, with the fourth from either part). Total 400 marks. A redeveloped specification with written examination plus Additional Assessment Component applies to later cohorts (first examination 2027).

Time Limit

The Higher Level written paper lasts 3 hours (commonly a morning sitting during the June Leaving Certificate examinations) and is marked out of 400 marks.

Passing Score

No fixed pass mark. Results are reported on the H1-H8 scale at Higher Level (H1 = 90-100% down to H8 = below 30%) and O1-O8 at Ordinary Level.

Exam / Certification Fees

Candidates in recognised schools do not pay a separate sitting fee; external and repeat candidates pay an examination fee set annually by the State Examinations Commission.

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

15%

People in Business (Unit 1)

Practice covers essential elements of contract, breach and remedies, Consumer Rights Act 2022 conformity ideas, industrial relations and the WRC, conciliation and other dispute methods, the Small Claims procedure, trade unions and cooperative versus competitive stakeholder relationships, plus ABQ application technique.

12%

Enterprise (Unit 2)

Practice covers entrepreneurial characteristics, calculated risk, intrapreneurship, reasons for starting up, social enterprise, enterprise skills and Irish supports such as Enterprise Ireland and Local Enterprise Offices.

25%

Managing 1 and 2 (Units 3-4)

Practice covers leadership styles, Maslow and McGregor motivation, communication and barriers, delegation and span of control, planning organising and controlling, HRM (workforce planning, recruitment, training, appraisal), insurance principles including indemnity, utmost good faith, insurable interest and the average clause, PAYE and tax credits, and sources of finance.

18%

Business in Action (Unit 5)

Practice covers the marketing mix, primary and secondary research, new product development, pricing strategies, USP, SWOT, break-even calculations and ratio analysis including current ratio and gross profit margin.

30%

Domestic and International Environment (Units 6-7)

Practice covers sole traders, partnerships, LTD and PLC companies, co-operatives and franchises, industry sectors, IDA Ireland and regulation via the CCPC, ethics and CSR, directors' duties at LC level, globalisation, multinationals and FDI in Ireland, tariffs quotas and embargoes, the EU Single Market and Commission, open economy ideas, balance of payments and exporting benefits, plus 2026 assessment format awareness.

Preparing for the LC Business Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: No fixed pass mark. Results are reported on the H1-H8 scale at Higher Level (H1 = 90-100% down to H8 = below 30%) and O1-O8 at Ordinary Level.
  • Assessment: One terminal written paper at Higher or Ordinary level under the established syllabus (examined to June 2026). Higher Level: Section 1 short questions (answer a specified number from the set provided), Section 2 compulsory Applied Business Question (80 marks, based on a rotating trio of units), Section 3 long questions (answer four from seven: at least one from Part 1 and two from Part 2, with the fourth from either part). Total 400 marks. A redeveloped specification with written examination plus Additional Assessment Component applies to later cohorts (first examination 2027).
  • Time limit: The Higher Level written paper lasts 3 hours (commonly a morning sitting during the June Leaving Certificate examinations) and is marked out of 400 marks.
  • Exam / certification fees: Candidates in recognised schools do not pay a separate sitting fee; external and repeat candidates pay an examination fee set annually by the State Examinations Commission. Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

LC Business: Suggested Study Strategy

1Practise past SEC papers and marking schemes so you learn how Significant Relevant Points (SRPs) are awarded for state, explain and example or evaluate answers.
2For the ABQ, always link named theory to a quote or clear reference from the case text; theory without application usually caps marks.
3Drill Unit 1 law carefully: contract elements and remedies, Consumer Rights Act 2022 ideas, and industrial relations processes including the WRC.
4Master numerical topics early: break-even, contribution, ratio analysis, insurance average clause and basic PAYE/tax credit logic.
5Learn leadership styles, Maslow and McGregor so you can apply them quickly in both short questions and ABQ management scenarios.
6Keep Irish agencies and structures straight: IDA Ireland, Enterprise Ireland, LEOs, CCPC, LTD vs PLC vs sole trader, and EU Single Market freedoms.
7Time yourself: short questions first, then ABQ with enough time for three applied parts, then four long questions with balanced SRPs.

Frequently Asked Questions

How is Leaving Certificate Business examined in 2026?

In 2026 it is examined under the established syllabus by one terminal written paper at Higher or Ordinary level. Higher Level is 3 hours and 400 marks, with short questions, a compulsory Applied Business Question and four long questions from Section 3.

What is the Applied Business Question (ABQ)?

The ABQ is a compulsory case-study section (80 marks at Higher Level) based on a rotating set of three syllabus units. Marks reward theory linked clearly to evidence in the given text, not theory-only or text-only answers.

What are the seven units of the established Business syllabus?

Unit 1 People in Business, Unit 2 Enterprise, Unit 3 Managing 1, Unit 4 Managing 2, Unit 5 Business in Action, Unit 6 Domestic Environment and Unit 7 International Environment.

Is there coursework for Leaving Certificate Business in 2026?

No for the 2026 examination cohort under the established syllabus: assessment is the written paper. A redeveloped specification introduced for fifth years from September 2025 includes an Additional Assessment Component for later examination years (from 2027).

How are grades reported?

Higher Level uses H1-H8 and Ordinary Level uses O1-O8. Grades 1-7 cover 10% bands from 90-100% down to 30-39%, with grade 8 for marks below 30%.

Are these official State Examinations Commission questions?

No. These are original OpenExamPrep single-best-answer concept questions modelled on the seven units. The SEC publishes official past papers and marking schemes separately, and you should also practise full written short questions, ABQs and long questions.