Free Practice Questions for Érettségi Physics
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Key Facts: Érettségi Physics Exam
Codified under Hungarian Government Decree 100/1997. (VI. 13.) Korm. rendelet, 3. melléklet 1.2.10.
Covers mechanics, thermal physics, electromagnetism, waves, atomic and nuclear physics, and astronomy.
Administered nationally by the Educational Authority (Oktatási Hivatal) in May–June and October–November exam periods.
Graded on Hungary's 5-point national scale (1 = Fail, 2 = Pass, 3 = Satisfactory, 4 = Good, 5 = Excellent), with 25% minimum threshold.
Requires at least 12% in both written and oral parts separately; failure in either part results in an overall failure.
Középszint has a 150-minute, 90-point written examination followed by a 15-minute, 60-point oral.
Emelt szint written exam duration is 240 minutes, followed by an oral examination with experimental laboratory demonstration.
Permits standard non-programmable scientific calculators and the official four-digit mathematical-physical formula book.
The Hungarian Érettségi Physics exam is a national school-leaving examination governed by the current detailed requirements. It is offered at középszint (150-minute written plus a 15-minute oral) and emelt szint (240-minute written plus a 20-minute oral), with a 25% overall pass threshold and a 12% minimum in each required part.
Sample Érettségi Physics Practice Questions
Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Érettségi Physics exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.
1A vehicle starts from rest and accelerates uniformly along a straight horizontal track, reaching a velocity of 72 km/h in 10 seconds. What is the magnitude of the vehicle's acceleration?
2A stone is dropped from rest from the top of a bridge into a river 45 m below. Neglecting air resistance and taking g = 10 m/s², what is the speed of the stone immediately before striking the water surface?
3In a rectilinear velocity-time (v–t) graph, what physical quantity is represented by the geometric area under the curve between two time instants t₁ and t₂?
4A police car initially at rest begins chasing a speeder who passes by at a constant velocity of 30 m/s. The police car accelerates uniformly at 4.0 m/s². How long does it take for the police car to overtake the speeder?
5A passenger standing in a moving bus suddenly lurches forward when the driver slams on the brakes. Which fundamental physical principle explains this observation?
6A block with mass m = 10 kg rests on a rough horizontal floor with a kinetic friction coefficient μ_k = 0.20. A constant horizontal force F = 35 N is applied to pull the block. Taking g = 10 m/s², what is the resulting acceleration of the block?
7A frictionless ramp is inclined at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. An object of mass m = 4.0 kg is released from rest at the top of the ramp. Taking g = 10 m/s², what is the acceleration of the object down the ramp?
8In an ideal Atwood machine, two masses m₁ = 2.0 kg and m₂ = 3.0 kg are connected by a light inextensible string passing over a frictionless massless pulley. Taking g = 10 m/s², what is the acceleration of the system?
9A horse pulls a cart forward with a horizontal force of 300 N. According to Newton's third law, the cart exerts an equal and opposite force of 300 N on the horse. Why does the cart accelerate forward?
10A worker pulls a crate across a horizontal floor by applying a constant force F = 50 N at an angle of 60° above the horizontal. If the crate moves a distance of 10 m along the floor, how much work is done by the worker's force?
About the Érettségi Physics Exam
Fizika is a current elective Hungarian Érettségi subject at középszint and emelt szint. Középszint has a 150-minute, 90-point written paper with 20 short MCQs and selected complex calculation, source, phenomenon, and measurement tasks, followed by a 15-minute, 60-point oral. Emelt szint has a 240-minute, 100-point written paper and 20-minute, 50-point oral. Oral work includes an experiment, measurement, or eligible project. These English MCQs are independent study questions and do not replace constructed calculations, source analysis, experiments, or oral work.
Exam sponsor: Oktatási Hivatal (Educational Authority, Hungary). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.
Assessment
Question count not published by the exam provider
Time Limit
150 minutes written + 15-minute oral (középszint); 240 minutes written + 20-minute oral (emelt szint)
Passing Score
At least 25% overall and at least 12% in both the written and oral parts. Középszint grades: 25–39% = 2, 40–59% = 3, 60–79% = 4, 80–100% = 5. Emelt szint grades: 25–32% = 2, 33–46% = 3, 47–59% = 4, 60–100% = 5.
Exam / Certification Fees
Free for qualifying students taking examinations toward their first school-leaving certificate, including the first remedial or replacement examination before receiving it. For fee-paying 2026 entries, the per-subject fee is HUF 48,000 at középszint and HUF 81,000 at emelt szint.
Exam sponsor websiteFees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.
Our practice resources: topics covered
We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.
Mechanics & Dynamics
Kinematics in 1D and 2D, Newton's laws of motion, friction, work-energy theorem, conservation of mechanical energy, linear momentum and impulse, circular motion, Newton's law of universal gravitation, Kepler's laws, hydrostatic pressure, and Archimedes' buoyant principle.
Thermal Physics & Thermodynamics
Temperature scales, thermal expansion of solids and liquids, heat transfer, specific heat capacity, latent heat of phase transitions, ideal gas state equation (pV = nRT), gas laws, kinetic theory of gases, First Law of Thermodynamics (internal energy, heat, work), isoprocesses, and Second Law efficiency.
Electromagnetism & Circuits
Electrostatics, Coulomb's law, electric fields, potential and capacitance, direct-current circuits, Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's junction and loop rules, internal resistance, magnetic Lorentz force on charges and currents, Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, Lenz's law, mutual and self-inductance, and alternating current circuits.
Waves & Optics
Mechanical oscillations and wave propagation, harmonic waves, wavelength, frequency and velocity relation, sound wave phenomena, resonance, Doppler effect, geometric ray optics, reflection, refraction, Snell's law, total internal reflection, thin lenses, and curved mirrors.
Atomic & Nuclear Physics
Quantum phenomena, photon hypothesis (E = hf), photoelectric effect and work function, Bohr hydrogen model, atomic spectra, nuclear binding energy and mass defect (E = mc²), radioactive decay types (alpha, beta, gamma), exponential decay law and half-life, nuclear fission, and fusion.
Astronomy & Relativity
Planetary motion, gravitational orbits, stellar evolution and energy generation, Hubble's law and expanding universe, and foundational concepts of Einstein's special theory of relativity (invariance of light speed, time dilation, and length contraction).
Preparing for the Érettségi Physics Exam
What You Need to Know
- Passing score: At least 25% overall and at least 12% in both the written and oral parts. Középszint grades: 25–39% = 2, 40–59% = 3, 60–79% = 4, 80–100% = 5. Emelt szint grades: 25–32% = 2, 33–46% = 3, 47–59% = 4, 60–100% = 5.
- Assessment: Question count not published by the exam provider
- Time limit: 150 minutes written + 15-minute oral (középszint); 240 minutes written + 20-minute oral (emelt szint)
- Exam / certification fees: Free for qualifying students taking examinations toward their first school-leaving certificate, including the first remedial or replacement examination before receiving it. For fee-paying 2026 entries, the per-subject fee is HUF 48,000 at középszint and HUF 81,000 at emelt szint. Official sources
Using Our Practice Resources
- Work through all 100 available questions
- Review every answer and explanation
- Track weak areas and revisit them
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Érettségi Physics: Suggested Study Strategy
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the legal framework governing the Hungarian Érettségi in Physics?
The physics érettségi is codified by Hungarian Government Decree 100/1997. (VI. 13.) Korm. rendelet (3. melléklet 1.2.10) and conforms to the regulatory standards of the 2020 National Core Curriculum (NAT 2020) and framework curricula issued by the Ministry of Education and Oktatási Hivatal.
What is the difference between Középszint and Emelt szint in Physics?
Középszint tests core physics concepts, calculations, sources, phenomena, and measurement in a 150-minute written paper plus a 15-minute oral. Emelt szint uses a 240-minute written paper and a 20-minute oral with more demanding quantitative and experimental reasoning.
How is the grading scale structured for Érettségi Fizika?
Candidates need at least 25% overall and at least 12% in both the written and oral parts. Középszint grades are 25–39% = 2, 40–59% = 3, 60–79% = 4, and 80–100% = 5. Emelt szint grades are 25–32% = 2, 33–46% = 3, 47–59% = 4, and 60–100% = 5.
Are calculators and reference formula sheets permitted in the physics exam?
Yes. Students are permitted to use non-programmable scientific calculators without text-storing capacity. An official national physics formula table (Négyjegyű függvénytáblázatok / Fizikai képlettár) containing mathematical tables, physical constants, and key formulas is permitted and widely utilized during both written exam sessions.
Can Physics Érettségi results be used for university admission in Hungary?
Physics can be relevant to engineering and science programmes, but each institution and programme sets its current subject and scoring requirements. Candidates should verify the current Felvi programme entry instead of assuming a universal requirement or point award.
Are the questions in this practice bank official past papers?
This is an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation covering physics concepts and calculations found in the published subject scope. It does not reproduce official papers, their constructed-response mix, experiments, or oral tasks.